DNS - Port # Number 53

FTP – TCP Layer

- Port 20/21

HTTPS – Uses SSL layer protocal,

- Port 443, server side, port #

Telnet – Port # 23

SSH – Secure Socket Layer, connect to a router

IMAP4 and POP3(Port #110), - mail services, server to client

IMAP Port Number - 143

SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

- Mail server to mail server, outgoing messages, server to server. Client to server.

DHCP – Lists ipv4 and ipv6 address to clients, over UDP

Video application – sensitive to network delay.

Chapter 1 Layers

Application layer -

Presentation layer – encryption, decompression , formatting data to make it readable for viewers.

Session- formally establishes session, when the session is no longer needed, it terminates the sessions.

Transport – breaks data into segments, makes sure it is error free. Breaks the flow of data.

TCP – guaranteed delivery.

UDP – does not guarantee delivery.

Important – First 3 layers,

Network – IP address. IPv4, IPv6.

IPv4 – 32 bits,

Class A – 1 – 126 – valid class A.

127 still part of Class A, reserved for loopback. Any host in that range wlll reply back to you.

Class B – 128 – 191

Default subnet mas k -255.255.0.0

Bits – 16.

IPv6 – 128 bits, 8 groups of 16 bits, hexadecimal #

Class – Range : 192 – 223

Default Subnet Mask – 255.255.255.0

Bits – 24

255.255.255.255 – Broadcast ID.

Private address

Class A –– 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B – 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.0.0

Class C – 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

10,255 – network ID

0’s – Host ID.

Class A Host ID

10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254

Class B Host ID

172.16.0.1 – 172.31.255.254

Class C Host ID

192.168.0.1 – 192.168.255.254

To able to connect to the outside world – Network Address Translation. ( NAT)

Whoever designed the specs for TCP/IPv4 addressing, reserved certain ranges for IP addressing allws for
which opportunity, hide internal addressing from the outside world. Organization uses private address,
then you need to use Network Address Translations.
Data Link – ICMP, ARP, IGMP

Ping, IPConfig, Netstat, Trace Route – TCP utlites use ICMP to display information to the user.

ARP – IP address to a MAC address. How many bits are in a mac address. 48 bits( or 6 bytes). 0 to F –
hexadecimal.

static routing – IP protocol. Built routing table manually. Do it myself. I tell router what it needs to know.

Dynamic routing – needed Dynamic Routing Protocol. OFTP, Interior routing – devices under the same
administrative unit. Autonomus system. OSPF, Distance Vector

P129 – 132

OSPF, IS-IS, Link State

Exterior Routing Protocol – BGP – Border Gateway Protocol -

Data Link – Makes frames into bits. Standards

IEEE 802.3 –

IEE 802.1.1 –

Network Interface Card –– integrated into a motherboard, external one mounted into a USB port.
Interface card mounted on one of the slots.

Network devices – switches understands ports and mac addresses.

Physical – Hubs, modems, cables. RJ-45 loopback plug, c