Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

ESO 201 A: Thermodynamics

Instructor: Dr. Jayant K. Singh

2017-2018: I

Tutorial 5

Q. 4-32
A well-insulated rigid tank contains 2 kg of a saturated liquid-
vapor mixture of water at 150 kPa. Initially, three-quarters of the
mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed in the tank is
connected to a 110-V source, and a current of 8 A flows through
the resistor when the switch is turned on. Determine how long it
will take to vaporize all the liquid in the tank. Also, show the
process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.

Q. 4-55

What is the change in the enthalpy, in kJ/kg, of oxygen as its temperature changes
from 150 to 200 °C? Is there any difference if the temperature change were from 0 to
50 °C? Does the pressure at the beginning and end of this process have any effect on
the enthalpy change?

Q. 4-93

Long cylindrical steel rods (ρ = 7833 kg/m3 and cp = 0.465 kJ/kg.°C) of 8-cm
diameter are heat-treated by drawing them at a velocity of 2 m/min through an oven
maintained at 900°C. If the rods enter the oven at 30°C and leave at a mean
temperature of 700°C, determine the rate of heat transfer to the rods in the oven.

Q. 4-125
A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains air at 100 kPa and
0.15 m3. At this state, a linear spring (F ∝ x) is touching the piston but
exerts no force on it. The air is now heated to a final state of 0.45 m3 and
800 kPa. Determine (a) the total work done by the air and (b) the work
done against the spring. Also, show the process on a P-v dia gram.

Q. 5-13
A spherical hot-air balloon is initially filled with air at 120 kPa and 20°C with an
initial diameter of 5 m. Air enters this balloon at 120 kPa and 20°C with a velocity of
3 m/s through a 1-m diameter opening. How many minutes will it take to inflate this
balloon to a 15-m diameter when the pres sure and temperature of the air in the
balloon remain the same as the air entering the balloon?
Q. 5-29
Air at 80 kPa and 127°C enters an adiabatic diffuser steadily at a rate of 6000 kg/h
and leaves at 100 kPa. The velocity of the air stream is decreased from 230 to 30 m/s
as it passes through the diffuser. Find (a) the exit temperature of the air and (b) the
exit area of the diffuser.

Homework
Q. 4-8
A piston-cylinder device with a set of stops initially contains 0.3 kg
of steam at 1.0 MPa and 400°C. The location of the stops
corresponds to 60 percent of the initial volume. Now the steam is
cooled. Determine the compression work if the final state is (a) 1.0
MPa and 250°C and (b) 500 kPa. (c) Also determine the temperature
at the final state in part (b).

Q. 4-25
1-kg of water that is initially at 90°C with a quality of 10 percent
occupies a spring-loaded piston-cylinder device, such as that in Figure.
This device is now heated until the pressure rises to 800 kPa and the
temperature is 250°C. Determine the total work produced during this
process, in kJ.

Q. 4-23
A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.25 kg of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and
180°C. The nitrogen is now expanded isothermally to a pressure of 80 kPa. Determine
the boundary work done during this process.

Q. 4-24

A piston-cylinder device contains 0.15 kg of air ini tially at 2 MPa and 350°C. The air
is first expanded isother mally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a
polytropic exponent of 1.2 to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the
constant pressure to the initial state. Deter mine the boundary work for each process
and the net work of the cycle.

Q. 5-30
Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa,
200°C, and 45 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa and 180 m/s.
The inlet area of the nozzle is 110 cm2. Determine (a)
the mass flow rate through the nozzle, (b) the exit
temperature of the air, and (c) the exit area of the
nozzle.
Q. 5-57
An adiabatic gas turbine expands air at 1300 kPa and 500°C to 100 kPa and 127°C.
Air enters the turbine through a 0.2-m2 opening with an average velocity of 40 m/s,
and exhausts through a 1-m2 opening. Determine (a) the mass flow rate of air through
the turbine and (b) the power produced by the turbine.