Pilots Operating

Handbook

Skyfox Gazelle CA25N

Warning
These handling notes are to be used for general information purposes only.
This information cannot be used as a substitute for the actual aircraft flight manual.
Contents
Contents ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
PERFORMANCE - SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 3
DESCRIPTIVE DATA ........................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................. 4
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................. 5
ENGINE ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
PROPELLER ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
FUEL................................................................................................................................................................... 6
OIL ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHTS ............................................................................................................... 6
NORMAL OPERATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 7
AIRSPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATIONS................................................................................................... 7
PREFLIGHT INSPECTION .............................................................................................................................. 8
TAXIING .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
PRE-TAKEOFF ................................................................................................................................................ 11
TAKEOFF......................................................................................................................................................... 11
LANDING ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................................... 12
AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 12
AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS .......................................................................................................... 12
POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS ................................................................................................................... 12
CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS .................................................................................................................... 13
FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS ................................................................................................................. 13
EMERGENCIES ................................................................................................................................................... 14
AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION ........................................................................................... 14
FIRES ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
FORCED LANDINGS...................................................................................................................................... 15
ROUGH ENGINE OPERATION OR LOSS OF POWER .............................................................................. 16
SYSTEMS EMERGENCIES ............................................................................................................................. 16
PERFORMANCE ................................................................................................................................................. 17
TAKEOFF DISTANCE .................................................................................................................................... 17
CLIMB PERFORMANCE................................................................................................................................ 17
CRUISE PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................................................. 18
LANDING DISTANCE .................................................................................................................................... 18
LOADING ............................................................................................................................................................ 19

Disclaimer
These handling notes have been prepared from the information manuals supplied by aeroplane
manufacturer and are to be used for general information purposes only. The information cannot be used as
a substitute for the actual aircraft flight manual.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 2 of 19

PERFORMANCE - SPECIFICATIONS
SPEED:
Cruise, 5,000 RPM at 3,500 Ft 75 Knots
Cruise, 4,800 RPM at 3,500 Ft 70 Knots
Cruise, 4,200 RPM at 3,500 Ft 57 Knots
CRUISE: A fuel allowance of 5 litres has been made for taxi, climb and descent. 20 NM has been
added to the range for climb and descent. No reserve is included.
4,800 RPM at 3,500 Ft Range 290 NM
Time 3 Hours 39 Min
4,200 RPM at 3,500 Ft Range 279 NM
Time 4 Hours 15 Min
RATE OF CLIMB AT SEA LEVEL (520kg, ISA Conditions) 510 FPM
SERVICE CEILING 10,000 Feet
MAXIMUM ATMOSPHERIC OPERATING TEMPERATURE 39°C
TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE
Total Distance Over 50-Ft Obstacle 492 Meters
LANDING PERFORMANCE:
Total Distance Over 50-Ft Obstacle 354 Meters
STALL SPEED (KIAS):
Power Off, Level Flight, 520 Kg 43.0 Knots
Power Off, 30° Bank, 520 Kg 45.9 Knots
MAXIMUM DEMONSTRATED CROSSWIND COMPONENT 20.0 Knots
MAXIMUM WEIGHT:
Takeoff or Landing 520 Kg
STANDARD EMPTY WEIGHT 335 Kg
MAXIMUM USEFUL LOAD 185 Kg
BAGGAGE ALLOWANCE 10 Kg
MINIMUM PILOT WEIGHT 55 Kg
FUEL CAPACITY:
Total Usable 48.0 Litres
Minimum fuel for take off 10 Litres per tank
Total Wing Tanks 52.0 Litres
Collector Tank 3.75 Litres
NOTE: Collector tank fuel is not gauged, therefore it is not usable. However, it provides 16
minutes of operation at 75% cruise power when the wing fuel tank gauges indicates empty.
OIL CAPACITY
Maximum 2.5 Litres
Minimum Operating 2.0 Litres
ENGINE: Bombardier (Rotax) 912 A1, A2 or A3
81 BHP at 5,800 RPM
PROPELLER: Fixed Pitch, Diameter 1727 mm

The above performance figures are based on the indicated weights, standard atmospheric conditions, level
hard-surface dry runways and no wind. They are calculated values derived from flight tests conducted by the
aeroplane manufacturer under carefully documented conditions and will vary with individual airplanes and
numerous factors affecting flight performance.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 3 of 19

DESCRIPTIVE DATA

Wing Span 9.49m

Tread Width (Mains) 1.9m

Cabin Width 1.02m

Chord Length (including

ailerons) 1.067m
Overall Length 5.63m

Height 2.32m

Figure 1 – Overall Dimensions

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 4 of 19

INTRODUCTION
The Skyfox Gazelle is a single engine, two place, nose-wheel, high wing monoplane. It is intended as a
light training aircraft for the initial stages of training. The aircraft is equipped for day VFR operations only.

The fuselage construction is chromium-molybdenum steel structure, covered with a poly fibre fabric
which is heat-shrunk for a tight and smooth finish, prior to painting. This construction is also used on the
empennage. The engine cowls, both upper and lower, are constructed in a fire resistant fibre-glass.

The main wings, have two extruded aluminium spars (with an internal web), separated by ten marine
plywood ribs in each wing. The forward spar also forms the leading edge. The wing is covered with a poly
fibre, the same as the fuselage, and heat shrunk before painting. There is a slight wash-out towards the tips,
to reduce the stall tendency at the tips, together with fibreglass shaped wing tips, curled downward, to also
reduce the stall tendency, and enable better control in low speed flight.

The main landing gear is fixed and shock absorption is achieved with rubber-in-shear on the diagonal leg
braces and low pressure tyres. The Nose Wheel is also a fixed gear and comprises shock absorption
through a series of rubber discs inside the leg.

The electrical system consists of a 12 volt, sealed gell battery, the power of which is controlled by a master
solenoid which is activated by the master switch on the instrument panel. An alternator is incorporated in
the engine with an emergency isolation switch on the instrument panel. NOTE: The Alternator MUST
NOT be switched off, except in an emergency.

ENGINE
Number of Engines: 1.
Engine Manufacturer: Bombardier (Rotax) 912 A1, A2 or A3.
Maximum Horsepower Rating and Engine Speed:
Takeoff: 81 BHP at 5,800 RPM. (Maximum 5 minutes)
Continuous: 79 BHP at 5,500 RPM.
Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature: 150°C
Maximum Oil Temperature: 140°C

PROPELLER
Propeller Manufacturer: Allsize Aviation.
Propeller Model Number: CHP1-1
Number of Blades: 2.
Propeller Diameter; 1,727 mm
Propeller Type: Fixed pitch.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 5 of 19

FUEL
The CA25N Skyfox has two fuel tanks, one in each wing. Each fuel tank has a capacity of 26 litres and is
cross-vented to the other. The fuel is gravity fed through a finger filter at each tank outlet into a 3.75 litre
collector tank, located behind the seat. From the collector tank. the single fuel line passes through the
electric fuel pump (also behind the seat), to the Fuel Cock located in the centre console in the floor
between the pilots. From the fuel cock the fuel line passes through the firewall to the fuel filter
(gascolator), and up to the engine driven fuel pump. A Low Fuel Pressure warning light is located on the
instrument panel, which indicates low pressure at the carburettor inlet. Fuel drains are located in each
tank, under the Collector tank and at the gascolator.

Approved Fuel Grades (and Colours):

MOGAS (Super) Premium grade gasoline to DIN 51600, O-NORM C1103, EURO RON 95
MOGAS (Unleaded) Premium grade gasoline to DIN 51607, O-NORM C1101, EURO RON 90
100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue).
Fuel Capacity:
Total Fuel Capacity 55.75 Litres
Total Usable 48.0 Litres
Minimum fuel for take off 10 Litres per tank
Total Wing Tanks 52.0 Litres
Collector Tank 3.75 Litres
NOTE: Collector tank fuel is not gauged, therefore it is not usable. However, it provides 16
minutes of operation at 75% cruise power when the wing fuel tank gauges indicates empty.

OIL
Oil Grade (Specification):
Recommended Viscosity for Temperature Range:
-5°C to +40°C, use SAE 20W-50 or SAE 20W-40
-15°C to +40°C, use SAE 15W-40
-25°C to +40°C, use SAE 10W-40

Oil Capacity:
Maximum: 2.5 Litres.
Minimum for normal operations: 2.0 Litres.
Must indicate between MAX and MIN mark on the oil tank dip stick.

STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHTS

Standard Empty Weight: 335 Kg
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 520 Kg
Maximum Landing Weight: 520 Kg
Maximum Useful Load: 185 Kg
Maximum Baggage Compartment: 10 Kg
Minimum Pilot Weight: 55 kg

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 6 of 19

NORMAL OPERATIONS
AIRSPEEDS FOR NORMAL OPERATIONS
Unless otherwise noted, the following speeds are based on a maximum weight of 520kg and may be used
for any lesser weight.

Takeoff:
Normal Climb Out 55 Knots
Short Field Takeoff, Speed at 50 Feet 52 Knots

Climb:
Normal 55-60 Knots
Best Rate of Climb, Sea Level. 55 Knots
Best Angle of Climb, Sea Level thru 10,000 Feet 52 Knots

Landing Approach:
Normal Approach: 60-55 Knots
Short Field Approach: 52 Knots

Balked Landing:
Maximum Power 55 Knots

Maximum Manoeuvring Speed: 80 Knots

Do not make full or abrupt control movements above this speed.

Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Component 20 Knots

Airspeed Indicator Markings:

Green Arc 43 to 86 Knots
Yellow Arc 86 to 93 Knots
Red Line 93 Knots

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 7 of 19

PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

While carrying out the following inspection, watch for holes in the fabric or obvious
damage to the airframe.

1) CABIN
a) Pilot's Operating Handbook -- AVAILABLE IN THE AIRPLANE.
b) Throttle Lock -- REMOVE.
c) Master Switch -- OFF.
d) Alternator Switch -- ON.
e) CDI Switches -- BOTH OFF.
f) Fuel Shutoff Valve -- ON.
g) Fuel Quantity Indicators -- CHECK QUANTITY.
h) Seat Belts and Shoulder Harnesses -- CHECK condition and security.
i) Seat Cushions -- SECURE.

2) NOSE
a) Propeller and Spinner -- CHECK for nicks and security.
b) Carburettor Air Filter -- CHECK for restrictions by dust or other foreign matter.
c) Landing Light(s) -- CHECK for condition and cleanliness.
d) Nose Wheel Strut and Tire -- CHECK for proper tyre inflation and signs of excessive wear. CHECK
oleo leg protruding 50 mm or more.
e) Coolant level -- CHECK, Overflow bottle should be approximately half full.
f) Engine Oil Level -- CHECK, do not operate with less than two litres. Oil must be between Max and
Min marks.

3) LEFT WING
a) Front Wing Clevis Pin -- CHECK is in and safety pinned.
b) Fuel Filler Cap -- SECURE and vent clear.
c) Main Wheel Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation and signs of excessive wear.
d) Main Wheel Brake Pads -- CHECK, min 2.5mm thick
e) Left Door -- CHECK for cracks, distortion.
f) Left Bottom Wing Strut -- CHECK bolt for nut and split pin.

4) LEFT WING Leading Edge

a) Left Jury Struts -- CHECK for security and deformity.
b) Left Top Wing Strut -- CHECK attachments for security.
c) Pitot Tube -- REMOVE cover and check opening for stoppage.
d) Stall Warning -- CHECK.
e) Wing Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.

5) LEFT WING Trailing Edge

a) Wing Tip -- CHECK for damage.
b) Aileron -- CHECK freedom of movement and security. Lightly twist the aileron at each hinge
station checking for integrity.
Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 8 of 19
 c) Before first flight of day and after each refuelling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel
from fuel tank sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and proper fuel grade.

6) FUSELAGE Left Side

a) Turtle Deck Camlocks -- CHECK for security.
b) Aileron Linkages -- CHECK for excessive play and deformity.
c) Baggage Hatch -- CHECK for maximum 10kg load and hatch locked.
d) Left Static Vent -- CHECK for blockages.

7) EMPENNAGE
a) Rudder Cables -- CHECK attachment to rudder horn for security. CHECK exit point and fairing for
excessive wear.
b) Elevator and Rudder Hinge Pins -- CHECK for wear and split pins.
c) Tail Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.
d) Control Surfaces -- CHECK freedom of movement and for binding or warping.

8) FUSELAGE Right Side

a) Left Static Vent -- CHECK for blockages.
b) Aileron Linkages -- CHECK for excessive play and deformity.
c) Turtle Deck Camlocks -- CHECK for security.

9) RIGHT WING Trailing Edge

a) Before first flight of day and after each refuelling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel
from fuel tank sump quick-drain valve to check for water, sediment and proper fuel grade.
b) Drain 20ml fuel from collector tank drain cock under the aircraft and check for sediment and water.
c) Aileron -- CHECK freedom of movement and security. Lightly twist the aileron at each hinge
station checking for integrity.
d) Wing Tip -- CHECK for damage.

10) RIGHT WING Leading Edge

a) Right Jury Struts -- CHECK for security and deformity.
b) Right Top Wing Strut -- CHECK attachments for security.
c) Wing Tie-Down -- DISCONNECT.

11) RIGHT WING

a) Front Wing Clevis Pin -- CHECK is in and safety pinned.
b) Fuel Filler Cap -- SECURE and vent clear.
c) Main Wheel Tire -- CHECK for proper inflation and signs of excessive wear.
d) Main Wheel Brake Pads -- CHECK, min 2.5mm thick
e) Right Door -- CHECK for cracks, distortion.
f) Right Bottom Wing Strut -- CHECK bolt for nut and split pin.
g) Drain 20ml fuel from filter drain cock under the engine and check for sediment and water.

12) WINDSCREEN and DOORS

a) Clean if required.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 9 of 19

TAXIING
When taxiing, it is important that speed and use of brakes be held to a minimum and that all controls are
utilized (see Taxiing Diagram below) to maintain directional control and balance.

The carburettor heat control knob should be pushed full in during all ground operations unless heat is
absolutely necessary. When the knob is pulled out to the heat position, air entering the engine is not
filtered.

Taxiing over loose gravel or cinders should be done at low engine speed to avoid abrasion and stone
damage to the propeller tips.

The nose wheel is designed to automatically centre straight ahead when the nose strut is fully extended. In
the event the nose strut is over-inflated and the airplane is loaded to a rearward centre of gravity position,
it may be necessary to partially compress the strut to permit steering. This can be accomplished prior to
taxiing by depressing the airplane nose (by hand) or during taxi by sharply applying brakes.

Figure 5 – Taxiing Diagram

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 10 of 19

PRE-TAKEOFF
NORMAL RUNUPS
1. Brakes -- FULL ON.
2. Throttle -- OPEN to 3850 RPM.
3. Test Left and Right CDI’s separately by switching off each in turn. Engine should continue to run
with only a small RPM drop (up to 300 RPM is acceptable with the maximum differential 115
RPM).
4. Carburettor Heat -- FULL ON. Check for a small RPM drop, then turn off heat.
5. Throttle -- CHECK idle, 1600 – 1800 RPM.

TAKEOFF
NORMAL TAKEOFF
6. Carburettor Heat -- COLD.
7. Throttle -- FULL OPEN.
8. Elevator Control -- LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 45 KIAS to leave ground at 50 KIAS.
9. Climb Speed -- 55-60 KIAS.

SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF

1. Carburettor Heat -- COLD.
2. Brakes -- APPLY.
3. Throttle -- FULL OPEN.
4. Brakes -- RELEASE.
5. Elevator Control -- LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 45 KIAS to leave ground at 50 KIAS.
6. Climb Speed -- 52 KIAS (until all obstacles are cleared).

LANDING
NORMAL LANDING
1. Airspeed -- 55-60 KIAS.
2. Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST.
3. Landing Roll -- LOWER NOSE WHEEL GENTLY.
4. Braking -- MINIMUM REQUIRED.

SHORT FIELD LANDING

1. Airspeed -- MAINTAIN 52 KIAS.
2. Power -- REDUCE to idle as obstacle is cleared.
3. Touchdown -- MAIN WHEELS FIRST.
4. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY.

BALKED LANDING (GO-AROUND)

1. Throttle -- FULL OPEN.
2. Carburetor Heat -- COLD.
3. Airspeed -- 55-60 KIAS.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 11 of 19

LIMITATIONS
AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS

SPEED KIAS REMARKS

Do not exceed this speed in any

VNE Never Exceed Speed 93
operation.
Do not exceed this speed except in
Maximum Structural
VNO 86 smooth air, and then only with
Cruising Speed
caution.
Do not make full or abrupt control
movements above this speed,
VA Manoeuvring Speed: 80 because under certain conditions
the aircraft may be overstressed by
full control movements.

AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS

KIAS VALUE
MARKING SIGNIFICANCE
OR RANGE

Normal Operating Range.

Lower limit is maximum weight Vs at
Green Arc 43-86 most forward C.G. with flaps retracted.
Upper limit is maximum structural
cruising speed.

Operations must be conducted with

Yellow Arc 86 - 93
caution and only in smooth air.

Red Line 93 Maximum speed for all operations.

POWER PLANT LIMITATIONS

Engine Manufacturer: Bombardier (Rotax) 912 A1, A2 or A3.
Maximum Horsepower Rating and Engine Speed:
Takeoff: 81 BHP at 5,800 RPM. (Maximum 5 minutes)
Continuous: 79 BHP at 5,500 RPM.
Maximum Cylinder Head Temperature: 150°C
Maximum Oil Temperature: 140°C

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 12 of 19

Oil Pressure, Minimum: 150 Kpa.
Maximum: 500 Kpa.
Oil Grade (Specification):
Recommended Viscosity for Temperature Range:
-5°C to +40°C, use SAE 20W-50 or SAE 20W-40
-15°C to +40°C, use SAE 15W-40
-25°C to +40°C, use SAE 10W-40

CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITS

Centre of Gravity Range:
Forward: 230mm aft of datum at 350kg, with straight line variation to 280mm aft of datum at 520kg.
Aft: 320mm aft of datum at all weights.
Reference Datum: Wing Leading Edge.

FLIGHT LOAD FACTOR LIMITS

Maximum manoeuvring load factor at 520kg: +3.8g and -1.9g

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 13 of 19

EMERGENCIES
AIRSPEEDS FOR EMERGENCY OPERATION

Engine Failure After Takeoff 55 KIAS

Maximum Glide 55 KIAS
Precautionary Landing With Engine Power 55 KIAS
Landing Without Engine Power 50 KIAS

FIRES
DURING START ON GROUND
Cranking -- CONTINUE, to get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the
carburettor and into the engine.
Fuel Selector -- OFF

If engine starts:
1. Power -- 3000 RPM for at least two minutes.
2. Engine -- SHUTDOWN and inspect for damage.

If engine fails to start:

1. Cranking -- CONTINUE for one minute in an effort to obtain a start.
2. Fire Extinguisher -- OBTAIN (have ground attendants obtain if not installed).
3. Engine -- SECURE.
4. Master Switch -- OFF.
5. Ignition Switch -- OFF.
6. Fuel Selector -- OFF.
7. Fire -- EXTINGUISH using fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt.
8. Fire Damage -- INSPECT, repair damage or replace damaged components or wiring before
conducting another flight.

ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT

1. Throttle -- IDLE.
2. Fuel Selector -- OFF'.
3. Master Switch -- OFF.
4. CDI’s -- OFF.
5. Cabin Heat -- OFF.
6. Airspeed -- 55 KIAS (If fire is not extinguished, increase glide speed to find an airspeed which will
provide an incombustible mixture).
7. Forced Landing -- EXECUTE (as described in Emergency Landing • Without Engine Power).

ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT

1. Master Switch -- OFF.
2. Alternator Switch -- OFF.
3. Fire Extinguisher -- ACTIVATE (if available).

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 14 of 19

 WARNING
After discharging an extinguisher within a closed cabin, ventilate the cabin.

If fire appears out and electrical power is necessary for continuance of flight:
1. Master Switch -- ON.
2. Circuit Breakers -- CHECK for faulty circuit, do not reset.
3. Radio/Electrical Switches -- ON one at a time, with delay after each until short circuit is localized.
4. Vents/Cabin Air/Heat -- OPEN when it is ascertained that fire is completely extinguished.

CABIN FIRE
1. Master Switch -- OFF.
2. Cabin Heat -- CLOSED (to avoid drafts).
3. Fire Extinguisher -- ACTIVATE (if available).
WARNING
After discharging an extinguisher within a closed cabin, ventilate the cabin.

Land the airplane as soon as possible to inspect for damage.

FORCED LANDINGS
EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER
1. Airspeed -- 55 KIAS. This speed is higher than the best Lift/Drag speed to enable better control
during approach and landing. For greatest glide range, use 50 KIAS in still air.
2. Fuel Shutoff Valve -- OFF.
3. CDI’s -- OFF.
4. Master Switch -- OFF.
5. Doors -- UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN.
6. Touchdown -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW.
7. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY.

PRECAUTIONARY LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER

1. Airspeed -- 60 KIAS.
2. Selected Field -- FLY OVER, noting terrain and obstructions, maintaining a safe altitude and
airspeed.
3. Radio and Electrical Switches -- OFF.
4. Airspeed -- 55 KIAS.
5. Master Switch -- OFF.
6. Doors -- UNLATCH PRIOR TO TOUCHDOWN.
7. Touchdown -- SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW.
8. CDI’s -- OFF.
9. Brakes -- APPLY HEAVILY.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 15 of 19

ROUGH ENGINE OPERATION OR LOSS OF POWER
CARBURETTOR ICING
A gradual loss of RPM and eventual engine roughness may result from the formation of carburettor ice. To
clear the ice, apply full throttle and pull the carburettor heat knob full out until the engine runs smoothly;
then remove carburettor heat and readjust the throttle.

SPARK PLUG FOULING

A slight engine roughness in flight may be caused by one or more spark plugs becoming fouled by carbon
or lead deposits. This may be verified by momentarily switching each CDI off in turn. An obvious power
loss in single ignition operation is evidence of spark plug or magneto trouble.

If the problem does not clear up in several minutes, proceed to the nearest airport for repairs with both
CDI’s on unless extreme roughness dictates the use of a single ignition position.

MAGNETO MALFUNCTION
A sudden engine roughness or misfiring is usually evidence of magneto problems. Switching from BOTH to
either L or R ignition switch position will identify which magneto is malfunctioning. Select different
power settings to determine if continued operation on BOTH magnetos is practicable. If not, switch to the
good magneto and proceed to the nearest airport for repairs.

LOW OIL PRESSURE

If low oil pressure is accompanied by normal oil temperature, there is a possibility the oil pressure gage or
relief valve is malfunctioning. A leak in the line to the gage is not necessarily cause for an immediate
precautionary landing because an orifice in this line will prevent a sudden loss of oil from the engine sump.
However, a landing at the nearest airport would be advisable to inspect the source of trouble.
If a total loss of oil pressure is accompanied by a rise in oil temperature, there is good reason to suspect an
engine failure is imminent. Reduce engine power immediately and select a suitable forced landing field.
Use only the minimum power required to reach the desired touchdown spot.

SYSTEMS EMERGENCIES
EXCESSIVE RATE OF CHARGE
After engine starting and heavy electrical usage at low engine speeds the battery condition will be low
enough to accept above normal charging during the initial part of a flight. However, after ten minutes of
cruising flight, the Voltmeter should be indicating less than fifteen volts. If the charging rate were to
remain above this value on a long flight, the battery would overheat and may rupture. Turn OFF the
ALTERNATOR switch. The flight should be terminated as soon as practicable.

TOTAL ELECTRICAL FAILURE

If a total electric failure occurs in flight, the engine will continue running but the following emergency
procedures should be carried out immediately.
Check Master switch is ON and Alternator switch ON. Switch OFF all unnecessary electrical equipment.
Land as soon as practicable.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 16 of 19

PERFORMANCE
TAKEOFF DISTANCE

The Take-Off data has been taken from Flight Testing and is for Take-Offs made on a Hard, Level Surface
(Bitumen) with zero wind. The Take-Off Distance is given for the Aircraft to reach a height of 15 metres
(50 feet), at the Speed of 55 Knots IAS (approximately 5400 RPM) to be reached at that height.

NOTES:
1. The data in the charts has been computed from Actual Flight Tests with the Aeroplane and Engine
in Good Condition and using average piloting techniques.
2. For every 1 knot of head wind component, the take off distance can be reduced by 5 metres.
3. For every 1 knot of tail wind component, the take off distance required MUST be increased by 15
metres.
4. For every degree Celsius above ISA the take off distance MUST be increased by 4 metres.
5. The take off distance on short wet grass must be increased by 7%.

All up Sea 1000 2000 3000 4 000 5000 6000

weight Level feet feet feet feet feet feet

520 Kg 492m 522m 554m 588m 622m 663m 705m

CLIMB PERFORMANCE

The Recommended Climb Speed for the "Gazelle" is 55 knots (IAS) (approximately 5400 RPM). Below is
the Climb Rate (Feet/Min) that can be expected at various Temperatures and Pressure Altitudes at 55 Knots
IAS and 520 Kg aircraft weight.

Altitude 1SA-
1SA-10 1SA-
1SA-5 1SA ISA+5 1SA+10 1SA+15 ISA+20
ISA+20 ISA+25
0 594 522 510 468 428 398 360 333
1,000 525 482 438 398 363 340 313 292
2,000 455 410 370 345 322 296 272 246
3,000 385 353 330 303 275 252 228 205
4,000 333 310 285 257 233 210 188 163
5,000 293 264 240 215 193 168 144 120
6,000 248 223 200 173 150 125 102 78
7,000 210 182 155 128 107 83 59 40
8,000 163 138 115 88 63 43 22
9,000 123 96 70 47 23
10,000 80 55 30 10

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 17 of 19

CRUISE PERFORMANCE
The table below shows RPM, Fuel Flow (Litres per Hour), TAS, and Total Endurance at a Cruise Density
Altitude of 3,500 Feet. The following table has been produced to facilitate Flight Planning. Fuel Deduction
of Five (5) litres has been made for Taxi, Climb and Descent to determine the Total Endurance. 20 NM has
been added to the range for the Climb and Descent. For planning purposes, the Cruise Fuel is 46.75 Litres.

NOTE: Reserve Fuel must be allowed for.

Fuel Flow
RPM IAS CAS TAS Total Endurance Range N.M.
(lt/hr)
5400 82 84 88 18.2 2 Hr. 34 Min 246
5200 79 81 85 16.6 2 Hr. 48 Min 259
5000 75 77 80 13.7 3 Hr. 24 Min. 292
4800 70 72 74 12.8 3 Hr. 39 Min. 290
4600 65 67 71 12.4 3 Hr. 46 Min. 287
4400 62 64 67 11.8 3 Hr. 57 Min 285
4200 57 59 61 11 4 Hr. 15 Min. 279
4000 51 53 54 6 7 Hr. 47 Min. 440

CRUISE
The Recommended Cruise Power Setting is 5,000 RPM (75% power). Fuel Consumption is approximately
13.7 Litres per Hour with a TAS of 80 Knots. (5.83 NM per Litre).

ENDURANCE
For Best Endurance Flying it is recommended to Cruise at 4,000 RPM, which gives an Indicated Airspeed
of 51 Knots. Fuel Flow at this Power Setting is 6 Litres Per Hour.

LANDING DISTANCE

The Landing Distance has been calculated from Test Flight on a hard level surface (Bitumen). The Landing
Distance is from the aircraft at a height of 15 metres (50 Feet), at a speed of 55 Knots (IAS), with the
throttle closed.

LANDING DISTANCE REQUIRED (METRES)

All up Sea 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Weight Level feet feet feet feet feet feet
520 Kg 354m 375m 386m 397m 410m 422m 435m

1. For every 1 Knot of Head Wind Component, the Landing Distance can be reduced by 5 Metres.
2. For every 1 Knot of Tail Wind Component, the Landing Distance Required MUST be increased by
15 Metres.
3. For every Degree Celsius above ISA the Landing Distance MUST be increased by 4 Metres.
4. Landing Distance on Short Wet Grass MUST be increased by 15%.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 18 of 19

LOADING
Standard Empty Weight: 335 Kg
Maximum Takeoff Weight: 520 Kg
Maximum Landing Weight: 520 Kg
Maximum Useful Load: 185 Kg
Maximum Baggage Compartment: 10 Kg
Minimum Pilot Weight: 55 kg

Centre of Gravity Range:

Forward: 230mm aft of datum at 350kg, with straight line variation to 280mm aft of datum at 520kg.
Aft: 320mm aft of datum at all weights.

Reference Datum: Wing Leading Edge.

Arm from datum (Wing leading edge)

Fuel + 379 mm
Oil - 410 mm
Coolant - 750 mm
Occupants + 396 mm
Baggage +1650 mm

SAMPLE AIRPLANE YOUR AIRPLANE

SAMPLE LOADING PROBLEM Moment Moment

Weight Arm Weight Arm
(Kg.-mm. (Kg.-mm.
(Kg.) (mm) (Kg.) (mm)
/1000) /1000)
Basic Empty Weight (Use the data
pertaining to your airplane as it is
1. presently equipped. Includes 335 216 72.36
unusable fuel, full oil and full
coolant).
2. Pilot and Passenger 150 396 59.4

3. Baggage Locker 5 1650 8.25

4. ZERO FUEL WEIGHT 490 286 140.01

5. Usable Fuel (At 0.71kg./lt.) 30 379 11.37

6. TAKEOFF WEIGHT 520 291 151.38

As the arms calculated at ZERO FUEL WEIGHT and TAKEOFF WEIGHT are within the Centre of
7.
Gravity range for the aircraft, the loading is acceptable.

The maximum allowable weight capacity for baggage locker is 10 kg.

Skyfox Gazelle Handling Notes Page 19 of 19