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Question # 1
Investigate the resonance in a series RLC circuit with Xc=1.6 Ω and XL=0.064 Ω, and R= 0.0032 Ω.
XC 1 .6
h 5, f r hf 1 5 50 250 Hz
XL 0.0064
L
Xr XL XC 0.064 1.6 0.32
C
X 1.6
hX L 5 0.064 C 0.32
h 5
X 0.32
Qs r Q s 100
R 0.0032
Question # 2
Investigate the resonance in a parallel RLC circuit with Xc=60 Ω and XL=0.495 Ω, and R= 16.35 Ω
XC 60
h 11.01 11 , f r hf 1 11 50 550 Hz
XL 0.495
L
Xr XL XC 0.495 60 5.45
C
60 1.6
hX L 11 0.495 5.45
11 5
R 5.45
Qp Qp 3
X r 16.35
1
Question # 3
A three-phase Y-Y-connected 230/13.8-kV 80-MVA transformer with reactance XT = 19% is
supplying a 50-MVA load at a lagging PF of 0.9. At the low-voltage bus of 13.8 kV, a three-phase
Y-connected capacitor bank is to be connected to the PF to 0.95. A distribution engineer is asked to
investigate the problem, knowing that the short-circuit MVA at the 230-kV bus is 1600 MVA. Use
a MVA base of 100 MVA and determine the following:
a. The current bases for the high- and low-voltage sides in amps.
b. The impedance bases for the high- and low-voltage sides in Ohms.
c. The transformer impedance in pu and Ohms.
d. The short-circuit reactance of the power system at the 230-kV bus in pu and Ohms.
e. The short-circuit reactance of the power system at the 13.8-kV bus in pu and Ohms.
f. The short-circuit MVA at the 13.8-kV bus in pu and MVA.
g. The real power of the load at the lagging PF of 0.9 in pu and MW.
h. The size of the capacitor bank needed to correct the PF to 0.95 lagging in pu and MVAR
i. The reactance of the capacitor per phase in pu and Ohms.
j. The resonant harmonic at which the interaction between the capacitors bank and system
inductance initiates resonance.
k. The reactance of the capacitor per phase in pu and Ohms if the capacitor bank is connected in
delta.
Solution:
1 MVASC 1600
MVASC Pu 16 pu
X spu MVABase 100
1 1
X spu 0.0625 pu
MVASCpu 16 pu
MVABase 100 10 6
I BaseHV 251 A
3V LLBaseHV 3 230 10 3
MVABase 100 10 6
I BaseLV 4183.7 A
3V LLBaseLV 3 13.8 10 3
Z BaseHV
2
VLLHV
230 103
529
2
Z BaseLV
2
VLLLV
13.8 103 2
1.9
MVABase 100 106
MVAnewBase 19 100
ZTpu % ZT 0.2375 pu
MVAoldBase 100 80
ZTLV ZTpu ZTBaseLV 1.9 0.2375 0.451
ZTHV ZTpu ZTBaseHV 529 0.2375 125.6
1 1
X SC 230 kV pu 0.0625 pu , or
MVASC 230 kV 16 pu
X SC 230 kV
VLL
2
230kV
2
33.0625, X SC 230 kV pu
X SC 230 kV 33.0625
0.0625 pu
MVASC 230 kV 1600 MVA Z BaseHV 529
2
X SC 13.8 kV pu X SC 230 kV pu X T pu 0.0625 0.2375 0.30 pu , or
X SC 13.8 kV X SC 13.8 kV pu Z Base LV 0.30 pu 1.9 0.57
1 1
MVASC 13.8 kv pu 3.33 pu
X SC 13.8 kV pu 0.30
MVASC 13.8 kv MVASC 13.8 kv pu MVABase 3.33 pu 100MVA 333 MVA
PL MW 45
PL MVAL * PF 50 MVA * 0.9 45 MW , PL pu 0.45 pu
MVA Base 100
1 cos 1 (0.9) 25.8, 2 cos 1 (0.95) 18.2
QC PL tan(1 ) tan( 2 ) PL tan(25.8) tan(18.2) 6.96 MVAR
QC MVAR 6.96
QC pu 0.0696 pu
MVABase 100
X C Y
2
VCLL
13.8kv 2 27.36 , C 1 1
96.95 F
X C Y 260 27.36
Y
QC 6.96 MVAR
X C 27.36 1 1
X C pu 14.4 pu , or X C pu 14.4 pu
Z BaseLV 1.9 QC pu 0.0696
XC 14.4
hr 48 6.93 7
XL 0.3
1 1
X C 3 X C Y 3 * 27.36 82 , C 32.32 F
X C 260 82
X C pu 3 X C Ypu 3 * 14.4 pu 43.2 pu, or
X C 82
X C pu 43.2 pu
Z BaseLV 1.9
3
Question # 4
A simple circuit consists of a 1000 V, AC supply consisting of a pure sine wave serving a parallel and series
combination of resistors, inductors and capacitors as shown in Fig. Q4. Values of the circuit elements are as
follows: R1 = 1, R2 = 30. At 60 Hz, the reactances of the inductor and capacitor are XL = 0.491 and XC =
4.421.
a. For this circuit, what are the minimum and maximum impedances seen by the source in the frequency
range from 0 – 300 Hz?
b. What is the resonant frequency, fo of this circuit in Hz and the harmonic order of resonance, hr?
c. Plot the magnitude of the impedance (in Ohms) seen by the source as a function of frequency (in Hz)
from 0 – 300 Hz.
Impedance Frequency Responce
35.00
30.00
25.00
Impedance Z(f)
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
Fig. Q4
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0
frequency (Hz)
Solution:
1 1
Z () R1 R1
1 1 1 1 1
j j C
R2 XC XL R2 L
1 1
Z ( 0) R1 R1 , Z ( ) R1 R1
1 1 1 1
j 0 C j C
R2 0 L R2 L
1 1
At resonance j C 0
L LC
1 1
Zresonannce R1 R1 R1 R2
1 1 1 1 1
j
C
j C
R2 LC 1 R2 L L
L
LC C
Z min R1 1
a. Z max R1 R2 1 30 31
1 1
At resonance j o C 0 o
o L LC
X XL 0.491
L L 1.302 mH
60 2 60 2 60
1 1 1
b. C 600 F
60 X C 2 60 X C 2 60 4.421
1 1 1
o 1.131 krad / s
LC 1.302 10 600 10
3 6
7.812 10 7
o 1.131 10 3
f o 180
fo 180 Hz, hr 3 3 rd harmonic
2 2 f1 60