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08-Nov-2017
1.0 INTRODCUTION
It was reported that there are some corrosion observed on the cooling tower steel structures at
5th storey of Shenton House Building. CKM Consultants Pte Ltd was appointed to inspect and
assess the safety and structural integrity of the steel structure.
Cooling tower
CKM conducted the structural inspection of the cooling tower structure on 23rd and 25th
October 2017. It is a 2-storey steel frame structure with steel chequer plate floor. There are
four columns supporting the frame at level 1 and and split to 7 columns above 2 nd storey. The
roof is partially open at the centre area and covered with steel chequer plate at the rest area.
During the inspection there were corrosions observed on steel structural columns, beams,
cantilever frames and steel mesh floor. Generally, corrosion of the steel members is minor,
mass loss of the section is estimated to be less than 10% of the original steel section. The
structure appears stable and no signs of distress or excessive deformation were observed. The
photos from the inspection are included in Appendix A.
From the visual inspection on the corrosions that observed on the cooling tower structures
and the information on as-built structural drawings, it may be concluded that the corrosion on
the steel frames are due to exposure to weather as the structure is not concealed from external
environment. Some environmental factors damaged the anti-corrosion coatings and finally
caused structural steel in contact with water to corrode.
The defects of the cooling tower are shown in Appendix B and the location of the defects can
be found in Appendix C.
APPENDIX - A
Photo 1: General view of the Cooling Photo 2: General view of the Cooling
tower tower
Photo 3: General good condition of steel Photo 4: General good condition of steel
column at level 1 column and beam at Level 1
Photo 5: General good condition of steel Photo 6: General good condition of steel
column at Level 1 column at Level 1
Photo 7: General good condition of steel Photo 8: General good condition of steel
column at level 1 column and beam at Level 1
Photo 9: General good condition of steel Photo 10: General good condition of steel
frame beams at level 2 soffits frame beams at Level 2 soffits
Photo 11: General good condition of steel Photo 12: General good condition of steel
beam at Level 2 soffits frame beams at level 2 soffits
Photo 13: General good condition of steel Photo 14: General good condition of steel
column and floor at Level 2 column and floor at Level 2
Photo 15: General good condition of steel Photo 16: General good condition of steel
railing at Level 2 railing at Level 2
Photo 17: General good condition of steel Photo 18: General good condition of steel
railing and floor at level 2 column and beam at level 3 soffits
Photo 19: General good condition of steel Photo 20: General good condition of frame
column and diagonal brazing at level 3 beams and diagonal brazing at Level 3
soffits soffits
Photo 21: General good condition of steel Photo 22: General good condition of steel
frame at Level 3 soffits frame at Level 3 soffits
Photo 23: General good condition of steel Photo 24: General good condition of steel
frame at Level 3 soffits column and diagonal brazing at Level 3
soffits
Photo 25: General good condition of steel Photo 26: General good condition of steel
frame at Level 3 soffits mesh at Level 3 floor
Photo 27: General good condition of steel Photo 28: General good condition of steel
column at Level 3 floor frame supporting the cooling machine at
Level 3
Photo 29: General good condition of steel Photo 30: General good condition of steel
frame supporting the cooling machine at frame brazing at Level 3
level 3
Photo 31: General good condition of steel Photo 32: General good condition of steel
mesh at level 3 column at Level 3
Photo 33: General good condition of steel Photo 34: General good condition of steel
mesh at Level 3 column at Level 3
Photo 35: General good condition of steel Photo 36: General good condition of steel
plate at Level 3 mesh at level 3
Photo 37: General good condition of steel Photo 38: General good condition of steel
mesh at Level 3 column and diagonal brazing at roof soffits
Photo 39: General good condition of steel Photo 40: General good condition of steel
column and diagonal brazing at roof soffits column and diagonal brazing at roof soffits
Photo 41: General good condition of steel Photo 42: General good condition of steel
mesh at Trellis roof mesh at Trellis roof
Photo 43: General good condition of steel Photo 44: General good condition of steel
mesh at Trellis roof frame at Trellis roof
APPENDIX - B
Photo 45: Corrosion of steel structure frames at Level 2 soffits
PHOTO 48
1 3
PHOTO 49
PHOTO 46
PHOTO 47
PHOTO 50 PHOTO 45
Side 4
Figure 1. Level 2 Framing Plan with defect location
PHOTO 64
PHOTO 65
PHOTO 62, 63
PHOTO 66
PHOTO 68
PHOTO 69
PHOTO 70
PHOTO 71
PHOTO 72
PHOTO 73
PHOTO 74
PHOTO 77
PHOTO 75
PHOTO 76
PHOTO 95 PHOTO 90
PHOTO 94
PHOTO 92
PHOTO 93
PHOTO 88
PHOTO 86
PHOTO 87
i) Remove all loose fire proofing protection on the affected area of steel.
ii) Remove scaling rust by sanding or using steel brush until all affected areas are completely clean.
iii) Contractor to assess that loss of section area is less than 10%, to be agreed by the Engineer.
iv) Apply primer with a zinc-rich primer and paint with at least two coats of acrylic (anti-corrosion
paint).
i) Remove scaling rust by sanding or using steel brush until all affected areas are completely clean.
ii) Contractor to assess the loss of cross sectional area is less than 15% for UB or RHS sections,
iii) Prepare the new steel plate with same material and appropriate size.
iv) Strengthen the members by welding the new steel plates as per shown in Fig.1
v) Apply primer with a zinc-rich primer and paint with at least two coats of acrylic (anti-corrosion
paint)
vi) IF the loss of cross sectional area is more than 10% for angle section, or 15% for UB or RHS
vii) Remove the loads supported by the affected steel beam, under the supervision of the Engineer.
viii) Prepare the new steel member to match the original material, size, lengths, and finishes
Yours faithfully
Zhang Ning
Professional Engineer