Non-Bearing Window in A Simply Supported Curtain Wall PDF

Verification Samples
Non-Bearing Window in a Simply Supported Curtain

Wall
1 Objective
To check the safety of the supporting elements of a window in a simply supported curtain
wall, after designing the wall stud using a single standard stud for minimum area as a design
criterion with no other preferences; given the following data.
1.1 Wall Data

The design is based on AISI-NASPEC 2001 with 2004 supplement, using LRFD method.
The wall height = 12 ft.
The stud spacing = 24 in.
The maximum allowed lateral deflection = L/ 360, where (L) is the wall height.
The maximum absolute deflection is 0.5 in.
The bridging members are located @ 4 ft o.c.
The torsional bracing spacing is assumed equal to the bridging members spacing.
The lateral bracing spacing is assumed equal to the bridging members spacing.
The wind load intensity (IWL) = 50 psf.
The wind load factor for strength = 1.2.
The wind load factor for lateral deflection = 1.0.
The web-crippling check is considered, and the bearing length (N) = 1.25 in.
The factor (Cb) = 1.0 for calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling stress.
The web is unreinforced for shear strength calculation.
The effect of the standard punch-out (4" X 1.5") is not considered.
The strength increase due to cold-work of forming is considered.
The wall section was found (800S137-54mil, 50ksi) standard section.
Non-Bearing Window in a Simply Supported Curtain Wall SteelSmart® System 7.0 SP2
Page 1 of 28
1.2 Window Data
The jamb section database is Standard: 1 stud (800S137-54mil, 50ksi) + 1 track (800T125-54mil,
50ksi).
The header section database is Standard: 1 stud (800S137-68mil, 50ksi) + 1 track (800T125-
68mil, 50ksi).
The sill section database is Standard: 1 stud (800S137-33mil, 33ksi) + 1 track (800T125-33mil,
33 ksi).
The web-crippling check is considered, and the bearing length (N) = 1.25 in.
The wind load distribution on the window supporting elements is assumed in 4 directions “4
ways”.
The wind load intensity (IWL) = 50 psf.
The wind load factor for strength = 1.2.
The wind load factor for lateral deflection = 1.0.
The maximum allowed lateral deflection = L/ 360, where (L) is the element length.
The maximum absolute deflection is 0.5 in.
The torsional bracing spacing of the jamb is assumed equal to the bridging spacing of the wall
studs.
The lateral bracing spacing of the jamb is assumed equal to the bridging spacing of the wall
studs.
No lateral or torsional bracing is used for both the header and the sill for resisting lateral loads.
No lateral or torsional bracing is used for both the header and the sill for resisting gravity loads.
The window width (W W) = 8 ft.
The window height (W H) = 6 ft.
The sill height from bottom floor (SH) = 3 ft.
The effect of the standard punch-out (4" X 1.5") is not considered.
The strength increase due to cold-work of forming is considered.
Page 2 of 28
2 Modeling with SteelSmart® System
2.1 Wall Stud
2.1.1 Input and Design Options
Page 3 of 28
2.1.2 Output
Page 4 of 28
2.2 Window
Page 5 of 28
Page 6 of 28
Page 7 of 28
Page 8 of 28
3 Statical System, Dimensions, and Wind Load
Directions
Figure 1 shows the statical system, the dimensions, and the wind load directions.
2 ft 2 ft 2 ft 2 ft 2 ft
Adjacent Left Stud Left Jamb Right Jamb Adjacent Right Stud
A11
3 ft
Header A1
A5 A6
A3
A7 A8
A9 A10
JH = 12 ft
WH = 6 ft
A4
Sill
A2
3 ft
A12
DALS= 1 ft Ww = 8 ft
Figure 1 Statical System, Dimensions, and Wind Load Directions
4 Safety Check
4.1 Header
4.1.1 Configuration
800T125-68mil, 50ksi
800S137-68mil, 50ksi
Figure 2 Header Configuration
Page 9 of 28
4.1.2 Wind Load and Forces on Header
AHeader = area served by header in wind load resistance = A1 + A3
 2  8  
= 0.5 * 3 * 8  
2
 * 3 = 27 ft
 2  
W Header = uniform wind load on header, (Figure 3)
= I w A w Ww  = 50 * 1.2 * 27 8 = 202.5 lbs/ ft.
202.5
8 ft
Figure 3 Wind Load on the Header, lbs/ ft

Mx-Header = maximum bending moment at mid span of the header, (Figure 4)
2 2
= (W Header)L / 8 = 202.5 * (8) / 8 = 1620 lbs.ft = 19.44 kips.in.
19.44
Figure 4 Bending Moment Diagram of the Header, Kips.in

Vy-Header = maximum shear force on the header at support, (Figure 5)
= (W Header)L/ 2 = 202.5 * (8)/ 2 = 810 lbs = 0.81 kips.
0.81
0.81
Figure 5 Shear Force Diagram of the Header, Kips
4.1.3 Design for Flexural Moment (Mx)

The major flexural strength of each individual section the header includes is the least of
the flexural strength at the initiation of the cross-section yielding calculated in accordance with
Section (C3.1.1) in the 2001 specification, and the strength for lateral-torsional buckling
calculated in accordance with Section (C3.1.2.1) in the 2001 specification.
Page 10 of 28
For the calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling stress (Fc), the unsupported length of the
header beam is considered equal to the header span of eight feet since there is no torsional
bracing; thus; the buckling lengths (KyLy) and (KtLt) are set equal to 96 inches in equations
(C3.1.2.1-8) and (C3.1.2.1-9) respectively.
The total flexural strength of the header (Mx-Header-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic summation
of the governing flexural strengths of the individual sections the header includes. Table 1
summarizes the calculation steps of (Mx-Header-all).
Table 1 Calculation of the Header Flexural Strength, Mx-Header-all

Mx-Yielding Mx-LTB Mx-all
Section Number
(kips.in) (kips.in) (kips.in)
800S137-68mil, 50ksi 1 69.7454 15.6584 1 * 15.6584 = 15.6584
800T125-68mil, 50ksi 1 54.7595 8.8344 1 * 8.8344 = 8.8344
Mx-Header-all = Mx-all
= 15.6584 + 8.8344 = 24.4928 kips.in.
Mx-Header = 19.44 kips.in < Mx-Header-all  safe
Act/ All = 19.44/ 24.4928 = 0.7937
4.1.4 Design for Shear (Vy)

The major shear strength of the header (Vy-Header-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic
summation of the shear strengths of the individual sections the header includes, which can be
determined in accordance with Section (C3.2.1) in the 2001 specification.
Table 2 summarizes the calculation steps of (Vy-Header-all).
Table 2 (Calculation of the Header Shear Strength, V y-Header-all)

Vy-all
Section Number
(kips)
800S137-68mil, 50ksi 1 1 * 6.4154 = 6.4154
800T125-68mil, 50ksi 1 1 * 6.2123 = 6.2123
Vy-Header-all = Vy-all
= 6.4154 + 6.2123 = 12.6277 kips.
Vy-Header = 0.81 kips < Vy-Header-all  safe
Page 11 of 28
Act/ All = 0.81/ 12.6277
= 0.0641
4.1.5 Combined (Mx) and (Vy)

The critical combined corresponding values of bending moment (M x) and shear force (Vy)
were found equal to 18.6617 kips.in and 0.162 kips respectively, and can be checked in
accordance with Section (C3.3.2) in the 2004 supplement as follows:
Mx-Yielding-all = Mx-Yielding
= (1 * 69.7454) + (1 * 54.7595) = 124.5049 kips.in.
2
 Mx 
2
V 
Interaction =    y  must be ≤ 1.0 (Eq. C3.3.2-1)
1
 M   Vny 
 b nxo   
2 2
 18.6617   0.162 
=     = 0.1504 < 1.0  safe
 124.5049  12.6277
Act/ All = 0.1504/ 1 = 0.1504
4.1.6 Lateral Deflection (act)

all = maximum allowed lateral deflection
= L/ 360
= 8 * 12/ 360 = 0.2667 in

The maximum actual lateral deflection (act) is at the mid span of the header beam, and can be
calculated using the total effective major moment of inertia (Ixe) and the wind load for deflection
(W Header-def) as follows:
Ixe = total effective major moment of inertia (Ix) of the header
= algebraic summation of the effective major moment of inertia of the individual sections
the header includes
4
= 6.2647 + 5.8360 = 12.1007 in .
W Header-def = I w A w Ww 
= 50 * 1.0 * 27 8 = 168.75 lbs/ ft
1
Supplement 2004 to the NASPEC-AISI 2001 for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
Page 12 of 28
5  WHeader  def L  
4
act = 
384  EIxe 

5  168.75 12000 * 8 * 12 

4
=  = 0.0436 in < all  safe
384  29500 * 12.1007 

Act/ All = 0.0436/ 0.2667
= 0.1634
4.1.7 Conclusion
It is safe to use the previous configuration as a built-up section for the header.
4.2 Sill
4.2.1 Configuration
800S137-33mil, 33ksi
800T125-33mil, 33ksi
Figure 6 Sill Configuration
4.2.2 Wind Load and Forces on Sill

ASill = area served by sill in wind load resistance
= A2 + A4
 2  8  
= 0.5 * 3 * 8  
2
 * 3 = 27 ft
 2  
W Sill = uniform wind load on sill, (Figure 7)
= I w A w Ww 
= 50 * 1.2 * 27 8 = 202.5 lbs/ ft
Page 13 of 28
202.5
8 ft
Figure 7 Wind Load on the Sill, lbs/ ft

Mx-Sill = maximum bending moment at mid span of the sill, (Figure 8)
2
= (W Sill)L / 8
2
= 202.5 * (8) / 8
= 1620 lbs.ft = 19.44 kips.in
19.44
Figure 8 Bending Moment Diagram of the Sill, Kips.in
Vy-Sill = maximum shear force on the sill at support, (Figure 9)
= (W Sill)L/ 2 = 202.5 * (8)/ 2
= 810 lbs = 0.81 kips
0.81
0.81
Figure 9 Shear Force Diagram of the Sill, Kips

The major flexural strength of each individual section the sill includes is the least of the
flexural strength at the initiation of the cross-section yielding calculated in accordance with
For the calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling stress (Fc), the unsupported length of the sill
beam is taken equal to the sill span of eight feet since there is no torsional bracing; thus; the
buckling lengths (KyLy) and (KtLt) are set equal to 96 inches in equations (C3.1.2.1-8) and
(C3.1.2.1-9) in the 2001 specification respectively.
Page 14 of 28
The total flexural strength of the sill (M x-Sill-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic summation of the
governing flexural strengths of the individual sections the sill includes.
Table 3 summarizes the calculation steps of (M x-Sill-all).
Table 3 Calculation of the Sill Flexural Strength, Mx-Sill-all

Section Number
800S137-33mil, 33ksi 1 19.5161 7.2431 1 * 7.2431 = 7.2431
800T125-33mil, 33ksi 1 12.0820 3.7226 1 * 3.7226 = 3.7226
Mx-Sill-all = Mx-all
= 7.2431 + 3.7226 = 10.9657 kips.in.
Mx-Sill = 19.44 kips.in > Mx-Sill-all  unsafe
Act/ All = 19.44/ 10.9657 = 1.7728

The major shear strength of the sill (Vy-Sill-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic
summation of the shear strengths of the individual sections the sill includes, which can be
Table 4 summarizes the calculation steps of (Vy-Sill-all).
Table 4 Calculation of the Sill Shear Strength, Vy-Sill-all

Vy-all
Section Number
(kips)
800S137-33mil, 33ksi 1 1 * 0.7205 = 0.7205
800T125-33mil, 33ksi 1 1 * 0.7072 = 0.7072
Vy-Sill-all = Vy-all
= 0.7205 + 0.7072 = 1.4277 kips
Vy-Sill = 0.81 kips < Vy-Sill-all  safe
Act/ All = 0.81/ 1.4277 = 0.5673
Page 15 of 28
were found equal to18.6617 kips.in and 0.162 kips respectively, and can be checked in
accordance with Section (C3.3.2) in the 2004 supplement as follows:
Mx-Yielding-all = Mx-Yielding
= (1 * 19.5161) + (1 * 12.0820) = 31.5981 kips.in
2
 Mx 
2
 V 
Interaction =    y  must be ≤ 1.0 (Eq. C3.3.2-1)
2
 M   Vny 
 b nxo   
2 2
 18.6617  0.162 
=     = 0.6014 < 1.0  safe
 31.5981  1.4277 
Act/ All = 0.6014/ 1 = 0.6014

= L/ 360
= 8 * 12/ 360 = 0.2667 in
The maximum actual lateral deflection (act) is at the mid span of the sill beam, and can be
calculated using the total effective major moment of inertia (Ix) and the wind load for deflection
(W Sill-def) as follows:
Ixe = total effective major moment of inertia (Ix) of the sill
= algebraic summation of the effective major moment of inertia of the individual sections
the sill includes
4
= 2.9723 + 2.3023 = 5.2746 in
W Sill-def = I w A w Ww 
= 50 * 1.0 * 27 8 = 168.75 lbs/ ft
2
Page 16 of 28
5  WHeader  def L  
4
act = 
384  EIxe 

5  168.75 12000 * 8 * 12 

4
=  = 0.0999 in < all  safe
384  29500 * 5.2746 

Act/ All = 0.0999/ 0.2667
= 0.3748
4.2.7 Conclusion
It is unsafe to use the previous configuration as a built-up section for the sill.
4.3 Jambs
4.3.1 Configuration
Figure 10 Jamb Configuration
4.3.2 Wind Load and Forces on Jambs

The left and right jambs are identical in both wind load distribution and acting forces.
AJamb-Adjacent = A5 = A6
= area served by a jamb in wind load resistance enclosed between the jamb and
its adjacent stud
2
= 0.5 * (24/12) * 12 = 12 ft
AJamb-Window = area served by a jamb in wind load resistance in the window zone
2
= A9 = A10 = 0.5 * 6 * 3 = 9 ft
W Jamb-Adjacent = uniform wind load distributed along the jamb member, (Figure 11)

= I w A Jamb- Adjacent JH 
= (50 *1.2) * (12 12) = 60 lbs/ ft
Page 17 of 28
W Jamb- Window = additional uniform wind load distributed along the jamb member in the window
location, (Figure 11)
= I w A Jamb- Window WH 
= (50 * 1.2) * 9 6 = 90 lbs/ ft
Ry-header = reaction of jamb at header connection
= Vy-header = 0.81 Kips.
Ry-Sill = reaction of jamb at sill connection
= Vy-Sill = 0.81 Kips.
60 lbs/ ft
3 ft
810 lbs
150 lbs/ ft
6 ft
810 lbs
60 lbs/ ft
3 ft
Figure 11 Wind Load on the Jamb
Ry-Jamb = reaction of floor at jamb connection
= WJambAdjacentJH 2  WJambWindow WH 2  (R y Header or R y Sill )
= 6012 2  906 2  810 = 1440 lbs.
Mx-Jamb = maximum bending moment at mid span of the jamb, (Figure 12)
= R y Jamb JH 2  WJamb Adjacent

JH 22  WJamb Window
WH 22 
2 2
R yHeader WH 2
= 144012 2  60
12 22  90
6 22  8106 2
2 2
Page 18 of 28
= 4725 lbs.ft = 56.7 Kips.in.
48.6
56.7
48.6
Figure 12 Bending Moment Diagram of the Jamb, Kips.in

Vy-Jamb = maximum shear force on the jamb at support, (Figure 13)
= Ry-Jamb
= 1440 lbs = 1.44 kips.
1.44
0.45
1.26
0.45
1.26
1.44
Figure 13 Shear Force Diagram of the Jamb, lbs
Page 19 of 28
The major flexural strength of each individual section the jamb includes is the least of the
flexural strength at the initiation of the cross-section yielding calculated in accordance with
For the calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling stress (Fc), the unsupported length of the jamb
beam is taken equal to the bridging spacing of four feet; thus; the buckling lengths (KyLy) and
(KtLt) are set equal to 48 inches in equations (C3.1.2.1-8) and (C3.1.2.1-9) in the 2001
specification respectively. The total flexural strength of the jamb (Mx-Jamb-all) is assumed equal to
the algebraic summation of the governing flexural strengths of the individual sections the jamb
includes.
Table 5 summarizes the calculation steps of (Mx-Jamb-all).
Table 5 Calculation of the Jamb Flexural Strength, M x-Jamb-all

Section Number
800S137-54mil, 50ksi 1 51.4883 38.4745 1 * 38.4745 = 38.4745
800T125-54mil, 50ksi 1 37.0994 21.6565 1 * 21.65654 = 21.6565
Mx-Jamb-all = Mx-all
= 38.4745 + 21.6565 = 60.1310 kips.in.
Mx-Jamb = 56.7 kips.in < Mx-Jamb-all  safe
Act/ All = 56.7/ 60.1310 = 0.9429
Page 20 of 28
The major shear strength of the jamb (Vy-Jamb-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic
summation of the shear strengths of the individual sections the jamb includes, which can be
Table 6 summarizes the calculation steps of (Vy-Jamb-all)
Table 6 Calculation of the Jamb Shear Strength, Vy-Jamb-all

Vy-all
Section Number
(kips)
800S137-54mil, 50ksi 1 1 * 3.1788 = 3.1788
800T125-54mil, 50ksi 1 1 * 0.7072 = 3.0992
Vy-Jamb-all = Vy-all
= 3.1788 + 3.0992 = 6.2780 kips.
Vy-Jamb = 1.44 kips < Vy-Jamb-all  safe
Act/ All = 1.44/ 6.2780
= 0.2294
4.3.5 Design For Web-Crippling (Py)

The web-crippling strength of the jamb (Py-Jamb-all) is assumed equal to the algebraic
summation of the web-crippling strengths of the individual sections the jamb includes, which can
be determined in accordance with Section (C3.4.1) in the 2001 specification.
Table 7 summarizes the calculation steps of (Py-Jamb-all).
Table 7 Calculation of the Jamb Web-Crippling Strength, Py-Jamb-all

Crippling Force Py-all
Section Value Number
Type (kips)
(kips)
3
800S137-54mil, 50ksi 1.26 EOF 1 1 * 0.91471 = 0.9147
800T125-54mil, 50ksi 1.26 EOF 1 1 * 0.68467 = 0.6847
3
Case of (End, One-Flange) loading or reaction
Page 21 of 28
Py-Jamb-EOF-all = Py-EOF-all
= 0.9147 + 0.6847 = 1.5994 kips
Py-Jamb = 1.44 kips < Py-Jamb-EOF-all  safe
Act/ All = 1.44/ 1.5994
= 0.9003

were found equal to 56.376 kips.in and 0.09 kip respectively, and can be checked in accordance
with Section (C3.3.2) in the 2004 supplement as follows:
bMnxo = Mx-Yielding
= (1 * 51.4883) + (1 * 37.0994) = 88.5877 kips.in
2 2
 Mx   Vy 
Interaction =     must be ≤ 1.0 (Eq. C3.3.2-1)
4
 M    v Vny 
 b nxo   
2 2
 56.376   0.09 
=     = 0.6365 < 1.0  safe
 88.5877   6.2780 
Act/ All = 0.6365/ 1
= 0.6365

= L/ 360
= 12 * 12/ 360 = 0.40 in
act = maximum actual lateral deflection (act) at the mid span of the jamb, calculated using
the effective major moment of inertia (Ix) and the wind load for deflection (W def)
= 0.39 in (from structural analysis) < all  safe
Act/ All = 0.39/ 0.40
= 0.975
4
Page 22 of 28
4.3.8 Conclusion
It is safe to use the previous configuration as a built-up section for the jamb.
5 Verification of SteelSmart® System

5.1 Forces and Deflection Diagrams
5.1.1 Bending Moment Diagram (kips.in.)
Page 23 of 28
5.1.2 Shear Force Diagram (kips)
Page 24 of 28
5.1.3 Deflection Diagram (in.)
Page 25 of 28
5.2 Output
5.2.1 Header (Strong Axis)
Page 26 of 28
5.2.2 Sill
Page 27 of 28
5.2.3 Jamb
Page 28 of 28

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Verification Samples

Non-Bearing Window in a Simply Supported Curtain

1.1 Wall Data

The wall height = 12 ft.

The stud spacing = 24 in.

The maximum absolute deflection is 0.5 in.

The bridging members are located @ 4 ft o.c.

The wind load intensity (IWL) = 50 psf.

The wind load factor for strength = 1.2.

The wind load factor for lateral deflection = 1.0.

The web is unreinforced for shear strength calculation.

The effect of the standard punch-out (4" X 1.5") is not considered.

The strength increase due to cold-work of forming is considered.

The wall section was found (800S137-54mil, 50ksi) standard section.

The wind load intensity (IWL) = 50 psf.

The wind load factor for strength = 1.2.

The wind load factor for lateral deflection = 1.0.

The maximum absolute deflection is 0.5 in.

The window width (W W) = 8 ft.

The window height (W H) = 6 ft.

The sill height from bottom floor (SH) = 3 ft.

The effect of the standard punch-out (4" X 1.5") is not considered.

The strength increase due to cold-work of forming is considered.

Figure 1 Statical System, Dimensions, and Wind Load Directions

Figure 2 Header Configuration

AHeader = area served by header in wind load resistance = A1 + A3

= I w A w Ww  = 50 * 1.2 * 27 8 = 202.5 lbs/ ft.

Figure 3 Wind Load on the Header, lbs/ ft

Figure 4 Bending Moment Diagram of the Header, Kips.in

= (W Header)L/ 2 = 202.5 * (8)/ 2 = 810 lbs = 0.81 kips.

Figure 5 Shear Force Diagram of the Header, Kips

4.1.3 Design for Flexural Moment (Mx)

Table 1 Calculation of the Header Flexural Strength, Mx-Header-all

= 15.6584 + 8.8344 = 24.4928 kips.in.

Mx-Header = 19.44 kips.in < Mx-Header-all  safe

Act/ All = 19.44/ 24.4928 = 0.7937

4.1.4 Design for Shear (Vy)

Table 2 summarizes the calculation steps of (Vy-Header-all).

Table 2 (Calculation of the Header Shear Strength, V y-Header-all)

= 6.4154 + 6.2123 = 12.6277 kips.

Vy-Header = 0.81 kips < Vy-Header-all  safe

4.1.5 Combined (Mx) and (Vy)

= (1 * 69.7454) + (1 * 54.7595) = 124.5049 kips.in.

Act/ All = 0.1504/ 1 = 0.1504

4.1.6 Lateral Deflection (act)

= 8 * 12/ 360 = 0.2667 in

Ixe = total effective major moment of inertia (Ix) of the header

= 50 * 1.0 * 27 8 = 168.75 lbs/ ft

5  168.75 12000 * 8 * 12 

Act/ All = 0.0436/ 0.2667

Figure 6 Sill Configuration

4.2.2 Wind Load and Forces on Sill

W Sill = uniform wind load on sill, (Figure 7)

= 50 * 1.2 * 27 8 = 202.5 lbs/ ft

Figure 7 Wind Load on the Sill, lbs/ ft

= 1620 lbs.ft = 19.44 kips.in

Figure 8 Bending Moment Diagram of the Sill, Kips.in

Vy-Sill = maximum shear force on the sill at support, (Figure 9)

= (W Sill)L/ 2 = 202.5 * (8)/ 2

= 810 lbs = 0.81 kips

Figure 9 Shear Force Diagram of the Sill, Kips

4.2.3 Design for Flexural Moment (Mx)

Table 3 summarizes the calculation steps of (M x-Sill-all).