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ALTERNATING
CURRENT
(AC) CIRCUITS
(Single Phase System)
17
REE- September 2007
1. Wavelength is the distance traveled by an electronic wave during the time of one cycle. Given a wavelength
of 12 meters, what is the frequency?
A. 250 kHz B. 25 kHz C. 250 MHz D. 25 MHz
Solution:
𝑐 3×1010 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑓=𝛾= 100𝑐𝑚
12𝑚×
1𝑚
𝑓 = 25 𝑀𝐻𝑧
18
Solution:
𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝑚1 + 𝐼𝑚2 + 𝐼𝑚3
𝐼𝑅 = (141∠45°) + (30∠90°) + (20∠ − 120°)
𝐼𝑅 =167.4∠45.66
𝐼𝑅 = 167.4sin( 𝜔𝑡 + 45.66°)
8. The maximum value of a sine wave AC voltage which will produce heat in a resistor at the same average
rate as 115 V of direct current is .
A. 81.3 V B. 115 V C. 162.6 V D. 230 V
Solution:
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 115 𝑉
𝑉𝑚 = √2 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑉𝑚 = √2 (115)
𝑉𝑚 = 162.5 𝑉
9. A sinusoidal voltage source has a peak value of 150 volts. What equivalent DC voltage source would
produce the same heating effect in a 1 ohm resistor?
A. 15 V B. 212 V C. 95 V D. 106 V
Solution:
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
√2
150
𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
√2
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 106.1 𝑉
10. The effective value of 𝑣 (𝑡) = 100 + 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 is known to be 103.1. The amplitude A of the sine term is
.
A. 25 B. 4.85 C. 35.48 D. 100
Solution:
𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 + 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑚2
𝑉 (𝑡) = √𝑉𝑑𝑐 2 + 2
2 𝑉𝑚2
103.1 = (100 )2 + 2
𝐴 = 𝑉𝑚 = √[(103.12 ) − (100)2 ](2)
𝑉𝑚 = 35.485
11. An alternating current and direct current flows simultaneously in the same conductor. If the effective value
of the AC is 8A and DC is 12 A, what will an AC ammeter read when connected in the circuit?
A. 14.42 A B. 12 A C. 11.66 A D. 16.49 A
Solution:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐼𝑇
= √𝐼𝑑𝑐 2 + 𝐼1 2
= √122 + 82
19
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 14.42 𝐴
12. An impedance draws a current 𝑖 = 10 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 30°) 𝐴 from a 𝑉 = 220𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠. What is the power?
A. 550 W B. 1100 W C. 190.5 W D. 1320 W
Solution:
𝑖 = 10 cos(𝜔𝑡 − 30° + 90°) = 10 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 60°)
𝑉𝑚𝐼𝑚
𝑃= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2
𝑉𝑚𝐼𝑚
𝑃= 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃1 − 𝜃2 )
2
(220)(10)
𝑃= cos(0 − 60)
2
𝑃 = 1100𝑐𝑜𝑠60
𝑃 = 550 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
14. The effective voltage across a circuit element is (20 + 𝑗10)𝑉 and the effective current through the element
is 4 − 𝑗3 𝐴. Calculate the true and the reactive power taken by the element.
A. 50 Watts & 100 Vars lagging B. 20 Watts & 100 Vars leading
C. 110 Watts & 20 Vars lagging D. 110 Watts & 20 Vars leading
Solution:
𝑆 = 𝐼𝑉
𝑆 = (4 − 𝑗3)(20 + 𝑗10)
𝑆 = 110 + 𝑗20
𝑃 = 110 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑄 = 20 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔
15. A 110-Volt AC line feeds two circuits in parallel. The currents are (2.2 − 𝑗6.5)𝐴 and(1.8 − 𝑗3.5)𝐴. The
power consumed by the two circuits is approximately .
A. 1, 185 Watts B. 440 Watts C. 755 Watts D. 433 Watts
Solution:
𝑃1 = 𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1
𝑃1 = (110)(2.2) = 242 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑃2 = 𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2
𝑃2 = (110)(1.8) = 198 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑃𝑡 = 242 + 198
𝑃𝑡 = 440 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
20
16. Find the average power in a resistance 𝑅 = 10 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠 if the current in series form is 𝑖 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 +
5𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝜔𝑡 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝜔𝑡 amperes.
A. 65.4 Watts B. 645 Watts C. 546 Watts D. 5.46 Watts
Solution:
𝐼 2 𝐼𝑚2 2 𝐼𝑚3 2
𝐼𝑡 = √ 𝑚1 + +
2 2 2
102 52 22
𝐼𝑡 = √ + +
2 2 2
𝐼𝑡 = 8.03 𝐴
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝐼𝑡 2 𝑅
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = (8.03)2 (10)
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 644.809 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
21
20. A 200mH inductor and an 80 ohm resistor are connected in parallel across a 100 V rms, 60 Hz source. By
what angle does the total current lead or lag behind the voltage?
A. 46.70° leading B. 43.40° leading
C. 43.40° lagging D. 46.70° lagging
Solution:
𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐿
𝑍=
√𝑅2 +𝑋𝐿 2
𝑋𝐶 = √4002 − 2002
𝑋𝐶 = 346.41 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
1
𝐶=
2𝜋(60)9346.41)
𝐶 = 7.65𝜇𝐹
22
𝑉2 1152
𝑍= = 2300∠30°
𝑆
𝑍 = 4.98 − 𝑗2.875 Ω
23
27. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its Q is 100. What is its bandwidth?
A. 4 kHz B. 400 kHz C. 400 Hz D. 40 kHz
Solution:
𝑓𝑅
𝐵𝑊 = 𝑄
4×106
𝐵𝑊 = 100
𝐵𝑊 = 40 𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐶 2
𝑋𝐶 = √1842 − 1002
𝑋𝐶 = 154.45 Ω
31. The voltage across a given circuit is 75 + 𝑗50 𝑉. What is the power supplied to the circuit if the current
through it is (8 − 𝑗5)𝐴?
24
A. 850 W B. 550 W C. 750 W D. 350 W
Solution:
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑃 = (75 + 𝑗50)(8 − 𝑗5)𝑐𝑜𝑠0
𝑃 = 850 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 2 − 𝑋𝐶 )2
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋(3 × 106 )(100 × 10−6 )
𝑋𝐿 = 1884.96 Ω
1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶
1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋(3×106 )(20,000×10−12)
𝑋𝐶 = 2.653 Ω
𝑍 = √10002 + (1884.962 − 2.653)2
𝑍 = 2131.5 Ω
25
𝑍 = 93.93
𝑅 25+50
𝑝𝑓 = 𝑍 = 93.93
𝑝𝑓 = 80%
26
39. A 5mH pure inductance is connected in parallel with one microfarad capacitor. What frequency will the
circuit be in resonance?
A. 250 Hz B. 2250 Hz C. 60 Hz D. 100 Hz
Solution:
1
𝑓𝑅 =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
1
𝑓𝑅 =
2𝜋√(5×10−3 )(1×10−6 )
𝑓𝑅 = 2250 𝐻𝑧
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5.875
𝐿 = 2𝜋(60)
𝐿 = 15.9 𝑚𝐻
REE- May 2008
43. A coil of inductance 0.1 H and resistance of 4 ohms is connected in series with a condenser of 70.4
microfarad capacitance across a 60 Hz, 240 V line. How much current will flow on the circuit?
A. 55 A B. 60 A C. 57.5 A D. 52.5 A
Solution:
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋(60)(0.1)
𝑋𝐿 = 37.7 Ω
1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶
1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋(60)(70.4×10−6)
𝑋𝐶 = 37.7 Ω
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 2 − 𝑋𝐶 )2
28
A. The ratio of its maximum energy stored to its energy dissipated per cycle.
B. Its power factor
C. The reciprocal of its power factor
D. The ratio of its inductive reactance to its resistance.
47. A coil takes apparent power and reactive power of 100 VA and 80 VAR, respectively. What is the Q factor
of the coil?
A. 1.33 B. 10 C. 8 D. 6
Solution:
𝑃 = √𝑆 2 − 𝑄2
𝑃 = √1002 − 802
𝑃 = 60
𝑃
𝑝𝑓 = 𝑆
60
𝑝𝑓 = 100 = 0.6
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (0.6)
𝜃 = 53.13
𝑄 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 53.13
𝑄 = 1.33
REE- April 2011
48. An alternating rectangular wave has a maximum value of 10 V and a frequency of 1 cycle per second. What
is the average value of the wave?
A. 5 V B. 10 V C. 0 V D. 7.07 V
Solution:
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝐸𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥
∴ 𝐸𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 10 𝑉
49. Determine the rms value of a triangular current wave which has a maximum value of a.
A. 0.816 a B. 0.577 a C. 0.866 a D. 0.707 a
Solution:
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.577𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥
∴ 𝐸𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 0.577 a
29