Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.
American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and
extend access to The Scientific Monthly.
http://www.jstor.org
THE ORIGINS OF CIVILIZATION 561
S
FROM THE OLD STONE AGE TO THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION. III
T
UCH forcesgraduallybrought
abouttheunionoftwostates
on the Nile: in the northa kingdomof the delta commonly
known as Lower Egypt; and in the south a kingdomof the
valleyabove the delta,whichwe usuallycall Upper Egypt. The
kingdomof Upper Egyptwas evidentlythe older. Side by side
the two existed for centuries,each gaining its own traditions,
symbolsand insigniawhichsurvivedin historictimesfor thou-
sands of years. In early dynasticreliefslike Fig. 41, we see
FIG. 42. SPECIAIEN OF E(X 'PTIAN PAPYRIS PAPER, CONTAINING PART OF A TALE
WRITTEN NEARLY 2000 B.C. Now in the Berlin Museum.
FIG. 45. POTTERY CANTEEN OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MINERS Found buried under the
floor of their hut in Sinai. (Mlaghara ; photograph by Petrie.
FIG. 46. COPPER CHISELS EM3PLOYED BY ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MINERS IN SINAI.
(Serabt; photograph by Petrie.
566 THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
FIG. 47. HEAv'Y STO.NE PICKS A-ND STO-NE DRILL-READ FOUND ATr A-NCIEN.T EGYPTIA-N
COPPER MINES I-N SINAI. (Photograph by Petrie.)
FIG. 48. AALL SHOWING 'STROKEIS 01 COPPIAI CIIIE. IFNAI AN(IENCITE IYPT1AN COPPER
MINE I-NEIN SIN(MaghaIa; photogrlaph by Petiie. )
THE ORIGINS OF CIVILIZATION 567
-
sr SN.w -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~....
..
4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
FIG. 49. INTERIOR OF A LARGE COPPER VllNE WJIRKED BY THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS IN
SINAI. (Serabit; photograph by Petrie.)
s~~~~~~~~~~.
FIG. 50. STONE POUNDERS FOR CRUSH-ING COPPE,R ORE USED BY THE ANCGERNT 14EGYPT-
IANS IN SINAI. (Photograph by Petrie.)
FIG. 51. POTTERY~CRUCIBLE WITIh _NOZZLE FORP POURING. MAOLTE-N COPPER INTO
FoRh.is. Found at the ancient copper mines in Smini. (Seraibit; photograph by
Petrie.)
FIG. 52 RETL1FF CAJLtED oN. Rot KS AT THE A.\ cE-NT E4AYPTIA. COPPER MINES
IN SINAI (MAGIHATIA), IN THE THIRTY FOURITII CENTURY B.C. It shows the flgure of
tihe earliest known mining promoter, ling Semer-khet of Egypt. At the left he
smites a Bedwi chief of the region, while his other two portraits display him once
with the crown of Upper and again with the crow~n of Low~er Egypt. This is the
oldest historical monument known, and the earliest such record of ai foreign conquest
on alien soil (Photogi iph by Petrie
570 THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
:1~~-:
#
g"
c4~SSe
; ......,
i _...
:; ... -..-w4.
~~~~~~~~.. 1
.. . .
X s .l ';it_;m
oL,"
'etF:;'- T\,~~~... ... ...,
FIG. 55. FouR BRACELETS oF GOLD AND PRECIOUS STONES STILL ON THE ARm
OF A ROYAL LADY. Found by Petrie in one of the early dynastic tombs of Abydos.
(Photograph by Petrie.)
THE ORIGINS OF CIVILIZATION 571
gggg0 ...E
.
l~~~~~...
q
g
II-g ON X =,.01g .1E
|i . _ *s If
FIG. 56. EGYPTIAN CRANK DiLL INVENTED IN TIlE =RLY DYNASTIC PE.IOD
(ABiOUT 8400 3000
To B.C.), THE EARLIES'T KNOWN N MACDI1N-E. (DrRawf by Borchairuit
from a hieroglyph.)
..^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
W#B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I
i:8s<+
F wME ..r.- . s..................
--.- .... .. ...-..:::-<-- x
FIG. 57. EGYPTIAN CRAFTSMEN ENGAGED IN DRILLING OUT 'STOANE VESSELS WITH
THE CRANK DRILL SEEN IN FIG. 56. The scene is taken from a tomb relief. The
hieroglyphs between the two workmen record their conversation. One says: "This
is a very beautiful vase." The other responds: " It is indeed." (From de MAorgan,
" Recherches sur les origines de l'I?gypte," I.)
:.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> ]ii
1 ! ' t . . ....: ...
Io
FIo. 60.
THE RIVER TERRACES OF THF EUPIRATES LOOKING EASTWARD ACROSS
THE About two huind-red and flfty miles northiwest of Babylon.
RIVER. (Copyright
by Underwood & Underwood.)
.... .---:'.
.... -....... -.-1..'
.-:---'--'........
....
.......................
eve ew 9 ,. : .. ~~......
'_ ...
........................................
.';;.:
'':
:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..
.............. .l !.!_.I..
gF___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
!i! ..........
.......
FIG 6IEYTA NDBBLNA CLNE EL OFTH1AM1FR
head
i'''.'.'''.'.'''''X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
which we
...
find
............. in Egypt ... ...
.;
1X:fft;ft0Xt, . il~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f
. ,J,. .ff;u
,,s; X 0