Exercise 5

1. Which of the following are prime numbers?

3, 11, 15, 19, 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 37, 39, 47, 51, 59, 61, 67, 72, 73, 87, 99
2. Write down the first five multiples of the following numbers:
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 11 (e) 20
3. Write down the first six multiples of 4 and of 6. What are the first
two common multiples of 4 and 6? [i.e. multiples of both 4 and 6]
4. Write down the first six multiples of 3 and of 5. What is the lowest
common multiple of 3 and 5?
5. Write down all the factors of the following:
(a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 15 (e) 24 (f) 32
6. (a) Is 263 a prime number?
By how many numbers do you need to divide 263 so that you
can find out?
(b) Is 527 a prime number?
(c) Suppose you used a computer to find out if 1147 was a prime
number. Whi_ch numbers would you tell the computer to divide by?
7. Make six prime numbers using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 once
each_

Exercise 6
1. Which of the following numbers are rational?
-
1t

2
./5 ( v'f7)2 v'3
3-14 v'i2 1t2 r 1 +r2
v'3
22
r½ - .,fi. + 1 �
7

2. (a) Write down any rational number between 4 and 6.

(b) Write down any irrational number between 4 and 6.
(c) Find a rational number between ../2
and ../3.
(d) Write down any rational number between n and vTo.
3. (a) For each triangle use Pythagoras' theorem to calculate
the length x.
(b) For each triangle state whether the perimeter is
5
rational or irrational.
(c) For each triangle state whether the area is rational
or irrational.
X 4
(d) In which triangle is sin 0 an irrational number?
Triangle A TriangleB

Sequences
Exercise 7
Write down each sequence and find the next two numbers.
1. 2, 6, 10, 14 2. 2, 9, 16, 23 3. 95, 87, 79, 71
4. 13, 8, 3, -2 5. 7, 9, 12, 16 6. 20, 17, 13, 8
7. l, 2, 4, 7, 11 8. I, 2, 4, 8 9. 55, 49, 42, 34
10. 10, 8, 5, 1 11. -18, -13, -9, -6 12. 120, 60, 30, 15
13. 27, 9, 3, 1 14. 162, 54, 18, 6 15. 2, 5, 11, 20
16. l, 4, 20, 120 17. 2, 3, 1, 4, 0 18. 720, 120, 24, 6
1.3 Approximations and estimation
Example
(a) 7-8126 = 8 to the nearest whole number
T This figure is '5 or more'.
(b) 7·8126 = 7-81 to three significant figures
j This figure is not '5 or more'.
{c) 7-8126 = 7-813 to three decimal places
t This figure is '5 or more'.
{ d) 0·078 126 = 0-0781 to three significant figures.
i 7 is the first significant :figure.
(e) 3596 = 3600 to two significant figures.
l This figure is '5 or more'.

Exercise 9
Write the following numbers correct to:
(a) the nearest whole number (b) three significant figures (c) two decimal places
1. 8-174 2. 19-617 3. 20-041 4. 0,81452 5. 311-14
6. 0,275 7. 0-00747 8. 15-62 9. 900-12 10. 3.555
11. 5,454 12. 20-961 13. 0-0851 14. 0-5151 15. 3·071
Write the following numbers correct to one decimal place.
16. 5.71 17. 0-7614 18. 11-241 19. 0-0614 20. 0-0081 21. 11-12

Exercise 10
1. In a DIY store the height of a door is given as 195cm'to the nearest
cm. Write down the upper bound for the height of the door.
2. A vet weighs a sick goat at 37 kg to the nearest kg.
What is the least possible weight of the goat?
3. A cook's weighing scales weigh to the nearest 0-1 kg.
What is the upper bound for the weight of a chicken which she
weighs at 3-2kg?
4. A surveyor using a laser beam device can measure
distances to the nearest 0· 1 m.
What is the least possible length of a warehouse
which he measures at 95·6m?
5. In the county sports Jill was timed at 28 ·6 s for the 200 m.
What is the upper bound for the time she could have taken?
6. Copy and complete the table.

Measurement Lower bound Upper bound

(a ) temperature in a fridge = 2 °C
to the nearest degree
(b) mass of an acorn= 2-3 g
to 1 d.p.
(c) length of telephone cable = 64 m
to nearest m
(d) time taken to run 100 m = 13-6 s
to nearest 0-1 s

7. The length of a telephone is measured as 193 mm, to the nearest

mm. The length lies between:
A B C
192 and 194 mm 192-5 and 193-5 mm 188 and 198 mm
Exercise 11
1. The sides of the triangle are measured correct to the nearest cm.
(a) Write down the upper bounds for the lengths of the three sides.
(b) Work out the maximum possible perimeter of the triangle.

10cm
2. The dimensions of a photo are measured correct to the nearest cm. 9 cm
Work out the minimum possible area of the photo.

6cm

3. In this question the value of a is either exactly 4 or 5, and the value

of b is either exactly 1 or 2. Work out:
(a) the maximum value of a+ b (b) the minimum value of a+ b
(c) the maximum value of ab (d) the maximum value of a - b
(e) the minimum value of a - b (f) the maximum value of i
(g) the minimum value of i (h) the maximum value of a2 - b 2•