Z Transform Questions and Answers -

Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Z Transform”.

1. The Z-Transform X(z) of a discrete time signal x(n) is defined as:

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The z-transform of a real discrete time sequence x(n) is defined as a power of ‘z’
which is equal to

, where ‘z’ is a complex variable.

2. What is the set of all values of z for which X(z) attains a finite value?
a) Radius of convergence
b) Radius of divergence
c) Feasible solution
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since X(z) is a infinite power series, it is defined only at few values of z. The set of
all values of z where X(z) converges to a finite value is called as Radius of Convergence(ROC).

3. What is the z-transform of the finite duration signal

a) 2 + 4z + 5z2 + 7z3 + z4
b) 2 + 4z + 5z2 + 7z3 + z5
c) 2 + 4z-1 + 5z-2 + 7z-3 + z-5
d) 2z2 + 4z + 5 +7z-1 + z-3
View Answer
Answer: d

Explanation: We know that, for a given signal x(n) the z-transform is defined as

Substitute the values of n from -2 to 3 and the corresponding signal values in the above formula

We get, X(z) = 2z
2

+ 4z + 5 +7z
-1

+z
-3

4. What is the ROC of the signal x(n)=δ(n-k),k>0?

a) z=0
b) z=∞
c) Entire z-plane, except at z=0
d) Entire z-plane, except at z=∞
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: We know that, the z-transform of a signal x(n) is

Given x(n)= δ(n-k)=1 at n=k

=> X(z)=z
-k

From the above equation, X(z) is defined at all values of z except at z=0 for k>0.

So ROC is defined as Entire z-plane, except at z=0.

5. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=(0.5)nu(n)?

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: For a given signal x(n), its z-transform

6. Which of the following series has an ROC as mentioned below?

a) α-nu(n)
b) αnu(n)
c) α-nu(-n)
d) αnu(n)
View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

Let x(n)= α
n

u(n)

7. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)= -αnu(-n-1)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:

8. What is the ROC of the z-transform of the signal x(n)= anu(n)+bnu(-n-1)?

a) |a|<|z|<|b|
b) |a|>|z|>|b|
c) |a|>|z|<|b|
d) |a|<|z|>|b|
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: We know that,

ROC of z-transform of aⁿu(n) is |z|>|a|.

ROC of z-transform of bⁿu(-n-1) is |z|<|b|.
By combining both the ROC's we get the ROC of z-transform of the signal x(n)
as |a|<|z|<|b|.

9. What is the ROC of z-transform of finite duration anti-causal sequence?

a) z=0
b) z=∞
c) Entire z-plane, except at z=0
d) Entire z-plane, except at z=∞
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Let us an example of anti causal sequence whose z-transform will be in the form
X(z)=1+z+z2 which has a finite value at all values of ‘z’ except at z=∞.So, ROC of an anti-causal
sequence is entire z-plane except at z=∞.

10. What is the ROC of z-transform of an two sided infinite sequence?

a) |z|>r1
b) |z|<r1
c) r2<|z|<r1
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Let us plot the graph of z-transform of any two sided sequence which looks as
follows.

From the above graph, we can state that the ROC of a two sided sequence will be of the form r2
< |z| < r1.
11. The z-transform of a sequence x(n) which is given as is known as:
a) Uni-lateral Z-transform
b) Bi-lateral Z-transform
c) Tri-lateral Z-transform
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The entire timing sequence is divided into two parts n=0 to ∞ and n=-∞ to 0.
Since the z-transform of the signal given in the questions contains both the parts, it is called as
Bi-lateral z-transform.

12. What is the ROC of the system function H(z) if the discrete time LTI system is BIBO stable?
a) Entire z-plane, except at z=0
b) Entire z-plane, except at z=∞
c) Contain unit circle
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: A discrete time LTI is BIBO stable, if and only if its impulse response h(n) is
absolutely summable. That is,

13. The ROC of z-transform of any signal cannot contain poles.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since the value of z-transform tends to infinity, the ROC of the z-transform does
not contain poles.

14. Is the discrete time LTI system with impulse response h(n)=an(n) (|a| < 1) BIBO stable?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:

Given h(n)= aⁿ(n) (|a|<1)

The z-transform of h(n) is H(z)=z/(z-a),ROC is |z|>|a|
If |a|<1, then the ROC contains the unit circle. So, the system is BIBO
stable.

15. What is the ROC of a causal infinite length sequence?

a) |z|<r1
b) |z|>r1
c) r2<|z|<r1
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The ROC of causal infinite sequence is of form |z|>r1 where r1 is largest magnitude
of poles.

Z Transform Properties Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Properties of Z Transform-1”.

1. Which of the following justifies the linearity property of z-transform?[x(n)↔X(z)].

a) x(n)+y(n) ↔X(z)Y(z)
b) x(n)+y(n) ↔X(z)+Y(z)
c) x(n)y(n) ↔X(z)+Y(z)
d) x(n)y(n) ↔X(z)Y(z)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: According to the linearity property of z-transform, if X(z) and Y(z) are the z-
transforms of x(n) and y(n) respectively then, the z-transform of x(n)+y(n) is X(z)+Y(z).

2. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=[3(2n)-4(3n)]u(n)?

a) 3/(1-2z-1)-4/(1-3z-1)
b) 3/(1+2z-1)-4/(1+3z-1)
c) 3/(1-2z)-4/(1-3z)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let us divide the given x(n) into x1(n)= 3(2n)u(n) and x2(n)= 4(3n)u(n)
and x(n)=x1(n)-x2(n)
From the definition of z-transform X1(z)= 3/(1-2z-1) and X2(z)= 4/(1-3z-1)
So, from the linearity property of z-transform
X(z)=X1(z)-X2(z)
=> X(z)= 3/(1-2z-1)-4/(1-3z-1).

3. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=sin(jω0n)u(n)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: By Euler’s identity, the given signal x(n) can be written as

4. According to Time shifting property of z-transform, if X(z) is the z-transform of x(n) then
what is the z-transform of x(n-k)?
a) zkX(z)
b) z-kX(z)
c) X(z-k)
d) X(z+k)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: According to the definition of Z-transform

5. What is the z-transform of the signal defined as x(n)=u(n)-u(n-N)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:

6. If X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n) then what is the z-transform of anx(n)?
a) X(az)
b) X(az-1)
c) X(a-1z)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: We know that from the definition of z-transform

7. If the ROC of X(z) is r1<|z|<r2, then what is the ROC of X(a-1z)?
a) |a|r1<|z|<|a|r2
b) |a|r1>|z|>|a|r2
c) |a|r1<|z|>|a|r2
d) |a|r1>|z|<|a|r2
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Given ROC of X(z) is r1<|z|<r2
Then ROC of X(a-1z) will be given by r1<|a-1z |<r2=|a|r1<|z|<|a|r2

8. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=an(sinω0n)u(n)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:

9. If X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n), then what is the z-transform of the signal x(-n)?
a) X(-z)
b) X(z-1)
c) X-1(z)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: From the definition of z-transform, we have

10. X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n), then what is the z-transform of the signal nx(n)?
a) -z(dX(z))/dz
b) zdX(z)/dz
c) -z-1dX(z)/dz
d) z-1(dX(z))/dz
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:

From the definition of z-transform, we have

11. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=nanu(n)?

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation:

Tough Digital Signal Processing Questions -

Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Tough Digital Signal Processing Questions focuses on “Properties of Z Transform-2”.
1. What is the signal x(n) whose z-transform X(z)=log(1+az-1);|z|>|a|?

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation:

2. If Z{x1(n)}=X1(z) and Z{x2(n)}=X2(z) then Z{x1(n)*x2(n)}=?

a) X1(z).X2(z)
b) X1(z)+X2(z)
c) X1(z)*X2(z)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: According to the convolution property of z-transform, the z-transform of
convolution of two sequences is the product of their respective z-transforms.

3. What is the convolution x(n) of the signals x1(n)={1,-2,1} and x2(n)={1,1,1,1,1,1}?

a) {1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1}
b) {-1,-1,0,0,0,0,-1,-1}
c) {-1,1,0,0,0,0,1,-1}
d) {1,-1,0,0,0,0,-1,1}
View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:
4. If Z{x1(n)}=X1(z) and Z{x2(n)}=X2(z) then what is the z-transform of correlation between
the two signals?
a) X1(z).X2(z-1)
b) X1(z).X2(z-1)
c) X1(z).X2(z)
d) X1(z).X2(-z)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: We know that rx1x2(l)=x1(l)*x2(-l)
Now Rx1x2(z)=Z{x1(l)}.Z{x2(-l)}=X1(z).X2(z-1).

5. If x(n) is causal, then lim┬(z→∞)X(z)=?

a) x(-1)
b) x(1)
c) x(0)
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: According to the initial value theorem, X(z)=x(0)+x(1)z -1+x(2)z-2+….
When z→∞, z -n tends to 0 because n>0.
So lim┬(n→∞)⁡〖X(z)〗=x(0).

6. If Z{x(n)}=X(z) and the poles of X(z) are all inside the unit circle, then the final value of x(n)
as n→∞ is given by i.e., lim┬(n→∞)x(n)=?

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: According to the Final Value theorem of z-transform we have,

7. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=δ(n-n0)?
a) zn0
b) z-n0
c) zn-n0
d) zn+n0
View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: From the definition of z-transform,

8. If X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n), then what is the z-transform of x*(n)?
a) X(z*)
b) X*(z)
c) X*(-z)
d) X*(z*)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: According to the conjugation property of z-transform, we have
Z{x*(n)}= X*(z*).

9. If x(n) is an imaginary sequence, then the z-transform of the real part of the sequence is:
a) 1/2[X(z)+X*(z*)].
b) 1/2[X(z)-X*(z*)].
c) 1/2[X(-z)-X*(z*)].
d) 1/2[X(-z)+X*(z*)].
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If x(N) is an imaginary sequence, then the real part of x(n) is given as
Real{x(n)}= 1/2[x(n)+x*(n)].
According to linearity property of z-transform, we get
Z{ Real{x(n)}}= 1/2[X(z)+X*(z*)].

10. What is the signal whose z-transform is given as

a) x1(n)*x2(n)
b) x1(n)*x2(-n)
c) x1(n).x2(n)
d) x1(n)*x2*(n)
View Answer
Answer: c

Explanation: From the convolution property in z-domain we have,

11. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)= x1(n).x2*(n)?

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

We know that Z{x*(n)}=X*(z*)

Now from the multiplication property in time domain we get,

12. If x1(n)={1,2,3} and x2(n)={1,1,1}, then what is the convolution sequence of the given two
signals?
a) {1,2,3,1,1}
b) {1,2,3,4,5}
c) {1,3,5,6,2}
d) {1,2,6,5,3}
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Given x1(n)={ 1,2,3}=>X1(z)=1+2z -1+3z -2
x2(n){1,1,1}=>X2(z)=1+z -1+z -2
Now from the convolution in time domain property of z-transform, we have
Z{ x1(n)* x2(n)}= X1(z). X2(z)
=> X(z)=1+2z-1+6z-2+5z-3+3z-4 =>x(n)={1,2,6,5,3}.
13. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=cos(jω0n)u(n)?

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: By Euler’s identity, the given signal x(n) can be written as

14. What is the z-transform of the signal defined as x(n)=u(n)-u(n+N)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:
15. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=[5(3n)-9(7n)]u(n)?

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:

Rational Z Transform Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Rational Z Transform”.

1. What are the values of z for which the value of X(z)=0?

a) Poles
b) Zeros
c) Solutions
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For a rational z-transform X(z) to be zero, the numerator of X(z) is zero and the
solutions of the numerator are called as ‘zeros’ of X(z).
2. What are the values of z for which the value of X(z)=∞?
a) Poles
b) Zeros
c) Solutions
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a rational z-transform X(z) to be infinity, the denominator of X(z) is zero and
the solutions of the denominator are called as ‘poles’ of X(z).

3. If X(z) has M finite zeros and N finite poles, then which of the following condition is true?
a) |N-M| poles at origin(if N>M)
b) |N+M| zeros at origin(if N>M)
c) |N+M| poles at origin(if N>M)
d) |N-M| zeros at origin(if N>M)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If X(z) has M finite zeros and N finite poles, then X(z) can be rewritten as X(z)=z -
M+N.X'(z).
So, if N>M then z has a positive power. So, it has |N-M| zeros at origin.

4. If X(z) has M finite zeros and N finite poles, then which of the following condition is true?
a) |N-M| poles at origin(if N < M)
b) |N+M| zeros at origin(if N < M)
c) |N+M| poles at origin(if N < M)
d) |N-M| zeros at origin(if N < M)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If X(z) has M finite zeros and N finite poles, then X(z) can be rewritten as X(z)=z-
M+N
.X'(z).
So, if N < M then z has a negative power. So, it has |N-M| poles at origin.
5. Which of the following signals have a pole-zero plot as shown below?

a) a.u(n)
b) u(an)
c) anu(n)
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: From the given pole-zero plot, the z-transform of the signal has one zero at z=0 and
one pole at z=a.
So, we obtain X(z)=z/(z-a)
By applying inverse z-transform for X(z), we get
x(n)= anu(n).

6. Which of the following signals have a pole-zero plot as shown below?(Let M=8 in the figure)

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: From the figure given, the z-transform of the signal has 8 zeros on circle of radius
‘a’ and 7 poles at origin.
7. The z-transform X(z) of the signal x(n)=anu(n) has:
a) One pole at z=0 and one zero at z=a
b) One pole at z=0 and one zero at z=0
c) One pole at z=a and one zero at z=a
d) One pole at z=a and one zero at z=0
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The z-transform of the given signal is X(z)= z/(z-a)
So, it has one pole at z=a and one zero at z=0.

8. What is the nature of the signal whose pole-zero plot is as shown?

a) Rising signal
b) Constant signal
c) Decaying signal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: From the pole-zero plot, it is shown that r < 1, so the signal is a decaying signal.

9. What are the values of z for which the value of X(z)=0?

a) Poles
b) Zeros
c) Solutions
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For a rational z-transform X(z) to be zero, the numerator of X(z) is zero and the
solutions of the numerator are called as ‘zeros’ of X(z).

10. If Y(z) is the z-transform of the output function, X(z) is the z-transform of the input function
and H(z) is the z-transform of system function of the LTI system, then H(z)=?
a) (Y(z))/(X(z))
b) (X(z))/(Y(z))
c) Y(z).X(z)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: We know that for an LTI system, y(n)=h(n)*x(n)
On applying z-transform on both sides we get, Y(z)=H(z).X(z)=>H(z)= ( Y(z))/(X(z) ).

11. What is the system function of the system described by the difference equation y(n)=0.5y(n-
1)+2x(n)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Given difference equation of the system is y(n)=0.5y(n-1)+2x(n)

On applying z-transform on both sides we get, Y(z)=0.5z

-1

Y(z)+2X(z)

12. What is the unit sample response of the system described by the difference equation
y(n)=0.5y(n-1)+2x(n)?
a) 0.5(2)nu(n)
b) 2(0.5)nu(n)
c) 0.5(2)nu(-n)
d) 2(0.5)nu(-n)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: By applying the z-transform on both sides of the difference equation given in the
question we obtain,
By applying the inverse z-transform we get h(n)= 2(0.5)nu(n).

Z Transform Inversion Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Inversion of Z Transform”.

1. Which of the following method is used to find the inverse z-transform of a signal?
a) Counter integration
b) Expansion into a series of terms
c) Partial fraction expansion
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: All the methods mentioned above can be used to calculate the inverse z-transform
of the given signal.

2. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2 ) if ROC is |z|>1?

a) {1,3/2,7/4,15/8,31/16,….}
a) {1,2/3,4/7,8/15,16/31,….}
a) {1/2,3/4,7/8,15/16,31/32,….}
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Since the ROC is the exterior circle, we expect x(n) to be a causal signal. Thus we
seek a power series expansion in negative powers of ‘z’. By dividing the numerator of X(z) by its
denominator, we obtain the power series

So, we obtain x(n)= {1,3/2,7/4,15/8,31/16,….}.

3. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2 ) if ROC is |z| < 0.5?

a) {….62,30,14,6,2}
b) {…..62,30,14,6,2,0,0}
c) {0,0,2,6,14,30,62…..}
d) {2,6,14,30,62…..}
View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In this case the ROC is the interior of a circle. Consequently, the signal x(n) is anti
causal. To obtain a power series expansion in positive powers of z, we perform the long division
in the following way:

Thus

In this case x(n)=0 for n≥0.Thus we obtain x(n)= {…..62,30,14,6,2,0,0}

4. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=log(1+az-1) |z|>|a|?

d)None of the mentioned

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Using the power series expansion for log(1+x), with |x|<1, we have
5. What is the proper fraction and polynomial form of the improper rational transform
X(z)= (1+3z-1+11/6 z-2+1/3 z-3)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2 )?
a) 1+2z -1+(1/6 z-1)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2 )
b) 1-2z -1+(1/6 z-1)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2 )
c) 1+2z -1+(1/3 z-1)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2)
d) 1+2z -1-(1/6 z-1)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2 )
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: First, we note that we should reduce the numerator so that the terms z-2 and z -3 are
eliminated. Thus we should carry out the long division with these two polynomials written in the
reverse order. We stop the division when the order of the remainder becomes z -1. Then we
obtain
X(z)= 1+2z -1+(1/6 z-1)/(1+5/6 z-1+1/6 z-2 ).

6. What is the partial fraction expansion of the proper function X(z)= 1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2 )?
a) 2z/(z-1)-z/(z+0.5)
b) 2z/(z-1)+z/(z-0.5)
c) 2z/(z-1)+z/(z+0.5)
d) 2z/(z-1)-z/(z-0.5)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: First we eliminate the negative powers of z by multiplying both numerator and
denominator by z2.
Thus we obtain X(z)= z2/(z2-1.5z+0.5)
The poles of X(z) are p1=1 and p2=0.5. Consequently, the expansion will be
(X(z))/z = z/((z-1)(z-0.5)) = 2/((z-1) ) – 1/((z-0.5) )( obtained by applying partial fractions)
=>X(z)= 2z/(z-1)-z/(z-0.5).

7. What is the partial fraction expansion of X(z)= (1+z-1)/(1-z-1+0.5z-2 )?

a) (z(0.5-1.5j))/(z-0.5-0.5j) – (z(0.5+1.5j))/(z-0.5+0.5j)
b) (z(0.5-1.5j))/(z-0.5-0.5j) + (z(0.5+1.5j))/(z-0.5+0.5j)
c) (z(0.5+1.5j))/(z-0.5-0.5j) – (z(0.5-1.5j))/(z-0.5+0.5j)
d) (z(0.5+1.5j))/(z-0.5-0.5j) + (z(0.5-1.5j))/(z-0.5+0.5j)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: To eliminate the negative powers of z, we multiply both numerator and
denominator by z2. Thus,
X(z)=(z(z+1))/(z-2-z+0.5)
The poles of X(z) are complex conjugates p1=0.5+0.5j and p2=0.5-0.5j
Consequently the expansion will be
X(z)= (z(0.5-1.5j))/(z-0.5-0.5j) + (z(0.5+1.5j))/(z-0.5+0.5j).

8. What is the partial fraction expansion of X(z)=1/((1+z-1 )(1-z-1)2)?

a) z/(4(z+1)) + 3z/(4(z-1)) + z/(2〖(z+1)〗2 )
b) z/(4(z+1)) + 3z/(4(z-1)) – z/(2〖(z+1)〗2 )
c) z/(4(z+1)) + 3z/(4(z-1)) + z/(2〖(z-1)〗2 )
d) z/(4(z+1)) + z/(4(z-1)) + z/(2〖(z+1)〗2 )
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: First we express X(z) in terms of positive powers of z, in the form
X(z)=z3/((z+1)〖(z-1)〗2 )
X(z) has a simple pole at z=-1 and a double pole at z=1. In such a case the approximate partial
fraction expansion is
(X(z))/z = z2/((z+1)〖(z-1)〗2 ) =A/(z+1) + B/(z-1) + C/〖(z-1)〗2
On simplifying, we get the values of A, B and C as 1/4, 3/4 and 1/2 respectively.
Therefore, we get X(z)= z/(4(z+1)) + 3z/(4(z-1)) + z/(2〖(z-1)〗2 ) .

9. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)= 1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z2-2 ) if ROC is |z|>1?

a) (2-0.5n)u(n)
b) (2+0.5n)u(n)
c) (2n-0.5n)u(n)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion for the given X(z) is
X(z)= 2z/(z-1)-z/(z-0.5)
In case when ROC is |z|>1, the signal x(n) is causal and both the terms in the above equation are
causal terms. Thus, when we apply inverse z-transform to the above equation, we get
x(n)=2(1)nu(n)-(0.5)nu(n)=(2-0.5n)u(n).

10. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)= 1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2 ) if ROC is |z|<0.5? a) [-2-
0.5n]u(n)
b) [-2+0.5n]u(n)
c) [-2+0.5n]u(-n-1)
d) [-2-0.5n]u(-n-1)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion for the given X(z) is
X(z)= 2z/(z-1)-z/(z-0.5)
In case when ROC is |z|<0.5,the signal is anti causal. Thus both the terms in the above equation
are anti causal terms. So, if we apply inverse z-transform to the above equation we get x(n)= [-
2+0.5n]u(-n-1).

11. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)= 1/(1-1.5z-1+0.5z-2 ) if ROC is 0.5<|z|<1?

a) -2u(-n-1)+(0.5)nu(n)
b) -2u(-n-1)-(0.5)nu(n)
c) -2u(-n-1)+(0.5)nu(-n-1)
d) 2u(n)+(0.5)nu(-n-1)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion of the given X(z) is
X(z)= 2z/(z-1)-z/(z-0.5)
In this case ROC is 0.5<|z|<1 is a ring, which implies that the signal is two sided. Thus one of the
signal corresponds to a causal signal and the other corresponds to an anti causal signal.
Obviously, the ROC given is the overlapping of the regions |z|>0.5 and |z|<1. Hence the pole
p2=0.5 provides the causal part and the pole p1=1 provides the anti causal part. SO, if we apply
the inverse z-transform we get x(n)= -2u(-n-1)-(0.5)nu(n).

12.What is the causal signal x(n) having the z-transform X(z)= 1/((1+z-1 ) [(1-z-1)]2 )?
a)[1/4(-1)n+3/4-n/2]u(n)
b)[1/4(-1)n+3/4-n/2]u(-n-1)
c)[1/4+3/4(-1)n-n/2]u(n)
d)[1/4(-1)n+3/4+n/2]u(n)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion of X(z) is X(z)= z/(4(z+1)) + 3z/(4(z-1)) + z/(2[(z-
1)]2)
When we apply the inverse z-transform for the above equation, we get
x(n)=[1/4(-1)n+3/4+n/2]u(n).

One sided Z Transform Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“One Sided Z Transform”.

1. The z-transform of a signal x(n) whose definition is given by is known as:

a) Unilateral z-transform
b) Bilateral z-transform
c) Rational z-transform
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The z-transform of the x(n) whose definition exists in the range n=-∞ to +∞ is
known as bilateral or two sided z-transform. But in the given question the value of n=0 to +∞.
So, such a z-transform is known as Unilateral or one sided z-transform.

2. For what kind of signals one sided z-transform is unique?

a) All signals
b) Anti-causal signal
c) Causal signal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: One sided z-transform is unique only for causal signals, because only these signals
are zero for n<0.

3. What is the one sided z-transform X+(z) of the signal x(n)={1,2,5,7,0,1}?

a) z2+2z+5+7z-1+z-3
b) 5+7z+z3
c) z-2+2z-1+5+7z+z3
d) 5+7z-1+z-3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Since the one sided z-transform is valid only for n>=0, the z-transform of the given
signal will be X+(z)= 5+7z-1+z-3.

4. What is the one sided z-transform of x(n)=δ(n-k)?

a) z-k
b) zk
c) 0
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Since the signal x(n)= δ(n-k) is a causal signal i.e., it is defined for n>0 and x(n)=1
at z=k
So, from the definition of one sided z-transform X+(z)=z-k.

5. What is the one sided z-transform of x(n)=δ(n+k)?

a) z-k
b) 0
c) zk
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the signal x(n)= δ(n+k) is an anti causal signal i.e., it is defined for n<0 and
x(n)=1 at z= -k. Since the one sided z-transform is defined only for causal signal, in this case
X+(z)=0.

6. If X+(z) is the one sided z-transform of x(n), then what is the one sided z-transform of x(n-k)?

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: From the definition of one sided z-transform we have,

7. If x(n)=an, then what is one sided z-transform of x(n-2)?

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:
8. If x(n)=an, then what is one sided z-transform of x(n+2)?

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: We will apply the time advance theorem with the value of k=2.We obtain,

9. If X+(z) is the one sided z-transform of the signal x(n), then lim┬(n→∞)x(n)=lim┬(z→1)(z-1)
X+ (z) is called Final value theorem.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In the above theorem, we are calculating the value of x(n) at infinity, so it is called
as final value theorem.

10. The impulse response of a relaxed LTI system is h(n)=anu(n),|a|<1. What is the value of the
step response of the system as n→∞?
a) 1/(1+a)
b) 1/(1-a)
c) a/(1+a)
d) a/(1-a)
View Answer
Answer: b

Explanation: The step response of the system is y(n)=x(n)*h(n) where x(n)=u(n)

On applying z-transform on both sides, we get

11. What is the step response of the system y(n)=ay(n-1)+x(n) -1<a<1, when the initial condition
is y(-1)=1?

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: By taking the one sided z-transform of the given equation, we obtain

Z Domain LTI System Analysis Questions

and Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish
This set of Digital Signal Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Analysis of LTI System in Z Domain”.

1. What is the unit step response of the system described by the difference equation
y(n)=0.9y(n-1)-0.81y(n-2)+x(n) under the initial conditions y(-1)=y(-2)=0?
a) [1.099+1.088(0.9)n.cos(πn/3+5.2o)]u(n)
b) [1.099+1.088(0.9)n.cos(πn/3-5.2o)]u(n)
c) [1.099+1.088(0.9)n.cos(πn/3-5.2o)].
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The system function is H(z)=1/(1-0.9z-1+0.81z-2 )
The system has two complex-conjugate poles at p1=0.9ejπ/3 and p2=0.9e -jπ/3
The z-transform of the unit step sequence is
X(z)=1/(1-z-1 )
Therefore,
Yzs(z) = 1/((1-0.9e^(jπ/3) z-1)(1-0.9e-jπ/3 z-1 )(1-z-1))
= (0.542-j0.049)/((1-0.9ejπ/3 z-1) ) + (0.542-j0.049)/((1-0.9e^(jπ/3) z-1 ) ) + 1.099/(1-z-1 )
and hence the zero state response is yzs(n)= [1.099+1.088(0.9)n.cos(πn/3-5.2o)]u(n)
Since the initial conditions are zero in this case, we can conclude that y(n)= yzs(n).

2. If all the poles of H(z) are outside the unit circle, then the system is said to be:
a) Only causal
b) Only BIBO stable
c) BIBO stable and causal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If all the poles of H(z) are outside an unit circle, it means that the system is neither
causal nor BIBO stable.

3. If pk, k=1,2,…N are the poles of the system and |pk| < 1 for all k, then the natural response of
such a system is called as Transient response.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If |pk| < 1 for all k, then ynr(n) decays to 0 as n approaches infinity. In such a case
we refer to the natural response of the system as the transient response.

4. If all the poles have small magnitudes, then the rate of decay of signal is:
a) Slow
b) Constant
c) Rapid
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If the magnitudes of the poles of the response of any system is very small i.e.,
almost equal to zero, then the system decays very rapidly.

5. If one or more poles are located near the unit circle , then the rate of decay of signal is:
a) Slow
b) Constant
c) Rapid
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: If the magnitudes of the poles of the response of any system is almost equal to one,
then the system decays very slowly or the transient will persist for a relatively long time.

6. What is the transient response of the system described by the difference equation y(n)=0.5y(n-
1)+x(n) when the input signal is x(n)= 10cos(πn/4)u(n) and the system is initially at rest?
a) (0.5)nu(n)
b) 0.5(6.3)nu(n)
c) 6.3(0.5)n
d) 6.3(0.5)nu(n)
View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The system function for the system is

and therefore the system has a pole at z=0.5. The z-transform of the input signal is
The natural or transient response is

nr

(n)= 6.3(0.5)
n

u(n)

7. What is the steady-state response of the system described by the difference equation
y(n)=0.5y(n-1)+x(n) when the input signal is x(n)= 10cos(πn/4)u(n) and the system is initially at
rest?
a) 13.56cos(πn/4 -28.7o)
b) 13.56cos(πn/4 +28.7o)u(n)
c) 13.56cos(πn/4 -28.7o)u(n)
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The system function for the system is

8. If the ROC of the system function is the exterior of a circle of radius r < ∞, including the point
z = ∞, then the system is said to be:
a) Stable
b) Causal
c) Anti causal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A linear time invariant system is said to be causal if and only if the ROC of the
system function is the exterior of a circle of radius r < ∞, including the point z = ∞.

9. A linear time invariant system is said to be BIBO stable if and only if the ROC of the system
function:
a) Includes unit circle
b) Excludes unit circle
c) Is an unit circle
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For an LTI system, if the ROC of the system function includes the unit circle, then
the systm is said to be BIBO stable.

10. If all the poles of H(z) are inside the unit circle, then the system is said to be:
a) Only causal
b) Only BIBO stable
c) BIBO stable and causal
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If all the poles of H(z) are inside an unit circle, then it follows the condition that
|z|>r < 1, it means that the system is both causal and BIBO stable.

11. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the system function H(z)=1/(1-0.5z-1
)+2/(1-3z-1 ).What is the h(n) if the system is stable?
a) (0.5)nu(n)-2(3)nu(n)
b) (0.5)nu(-n-1)-2(3)nu(-n-1)
c) (0.5)nu(-n-1)-2(3)nu(n)
d) (0.5)nu(n)-2(3)nu(-n-1)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The system has poles at z=0.5 and at z=3.
Since the system is stable, its ROC must include unit circle and hence it is 0.5<|z|<3 .
Consequently, h(n) is non causal and is given as h(n)= (0.5)nu(n)-2(3)nu(-n-1).

12. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the system function H(z)=1/(1-0.5z-1
)+2/(1-3z-1 ).What is the ROC of H(z) if the system is causal?
a) |z|<3
b) |z|>3
c) |z|<0.5
d) |z|>0.5
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The system has poles at z=0.5 and at z=3.
Since the system is causal, its ROC is |z|>0.5 and |z|>3. The common region is |z|>3. So, ROC of
given H(z) is |z|>3.

13. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the system function H(z)=1/(1-0.5z-1
)+2/(1-3z-1 ).What is the h(n) if the system is anti causal?
a) (0.5)nu(n)+2(3)nu(n)
b) (0.5)nu(-n-1)-2(3)nu(-n-1)
c) -[(0.5)n+2(3)n]u(-n-1)
d) (0.5)nu(n)-2(3)nu(-n-1)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The system has poles at z=0.5 and at z=3.
If the system is anti causal, then the ROC is |z|<0.5.Hence
h(n)= -[(0.5)n+2(3)n]u(-n-1).