Gradient - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Gradient”.

1. Gradient of a function is a constant. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Gradient of any scalar function may be defined as a vector. The vector’s magnitude
and direction are those of the maximum space rate of change of φ.

2. The mathematical perception of the gradient is said to be

a) Tangent
b) Chord
c) Slope
d) Arc
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The gradient is the rate of change of space of flux in electromagnetics. This is
analogous to the slope in mathematics.

3. Divergence of gradient of a vector function is equivalent to

a) Laplacian operation
b) Curl operation
c) Double gradient operation
d) Null vector
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Div (Grad V) = (Del)2V, which is the Laplacian operation. A function is said to be
harmonic in nature, when its Laplacian tends to zero.

4. The gradient of xi + yj + zk is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Grad (xi + yj + zk) = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. In other words, the gradient of any position
vector is 3.

5. Find the gradient of t = x2y+ ez at the point p(1,5,-2)

a) i + 10j + 0.135k
b) 10i + j + 0.135k
c) i + 0.135j + 10k
d) 10i + 0.135j + k
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Grad(t) = 2xy i + x2 j + ez k. On substituting p(1,5,-2), we get 10i + j + 0.135k.

6. Curl of gradient of a vector is

a) Unity
b) Zero
c) Null vector
d) Depends on the constants of the vector
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Gradient of any function leads to a vector. Similarly curl of that vector gives
another vector, which is always zero for all constants of the vector. A zero value in vector is
always termed as null vector(not simply a zero).

7. Find the gradient of the function given by, x2 + y2 + z2 at (1,1,1)

a) i + j + k
b) 2i + 2j + 2k
c) 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
d) 4xi + 2yj + 4zk
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Grad(x2+y2+z2) = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk. Put x=1, y=1, z=1, the gradient will be 2i + 2j +
2k.

8. The gradient can be replaced by which of the following?

a) Maxwell equation
b) Volume integral
c) Differential equation
d) Surface integral
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since gradient is the maximum space rate of change of flux, it can be replaced by
differential equations.

9. When gradient of a function is zero, the function lies parallel to the x-axis. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Gradient of a function is zero implies slope is zero. When slope is zero, the function
will be parallel to x-axis or y value is constant.

10. Find the gradient of the function sin x + cos y.

a) cos x i – sin y j
b) cos x i + sin y j
c) sin x i – cos y j
d) sin x i + cos y j
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Grad (sin x + cos y) gives partial differentiation of sin x+ cos y with respect to x
and partial differentiation of sin x + cos y with respect to y and similarly with respect to z. This
gives cos x i – sin y j + 0 k = cos x i – sin y j.

Divergence - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Divergence”.

1. The divergence of a vector is a scalar. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Divergence can be computed only for a vector. Since it is the measure of outward
flow of flux from a small closed surface as the volume shrinks to zero, the result will be
directionless (scalar).
2. The divergence concept can be illustrated using Pascal’s law. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Consider the illustration of Pascal’s law, wherein a ball is pricked with holes all
over its body. After water is filled in it and pressure is applied on it, the water flows out the holes
uniformly. This is analogous to the flux flowing outside a closed surface as the volume reduces.

3. Compute the divergence of the vector xi + yj + zk.

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The vector given is a position vector. The divergence of any position vector is
always 3.

4. Find the divergence of the vector yi + zj + xk.

a) -1
b) 0
c) 1
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Div (yi + zj + xk) = Dx(y) + Dy(z) + Dz(x), which is zero. Here D refers to partial
differentiation.

5. Given D = e-xsin y i – e-xcos y j

Find divergence of D.
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Div (D) = Dx(e-xsin y) + Dy(-e-xcos y ) = -e-xsin y + e-xsin y = 0.

6. Find the divergence of the vector F= xe-x i + y j – xz k

a) (1 – x)(1 + e-x)
b) (x – 1)(1 + e-x)
c) (1 – x)(1 – e)
d) (x – 1)(1 – e)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Div(F) = Dx(xe-x) + Dy(y)+Dz(-xz) = -xe-x + e-x + 1 – x =
e-x(1 – x) + (1 – x) = (1 – x)(1 + e-x).

7. Determine the divergence of F = 30 i + 2xy j + 5xz2 k at (1,1,-0.2) and state the nature of the
field.
a) 1, solenoidal
b) 0, solenoidal
c) 1, divergent
d) 0, divergent
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Div(F) = Dx(30) + Dy(2xy) + Dz(5xz2) = 0 + 2x + 10xz = 2x + 10xz
Divergence at (1,1,-0.2) will give zero. As the divergence is zero, field is solenoidal.
Alternate/Shortcut: Without calculation, we can easily choose option b, as by theory when the
divergence is zero, the vector is solenoidal. Option b is the only one which is satisfying this
condition.

8. Find whether the vector is solenoidal, E = yz i + xz j + xy k

a) Yes, solenoidal
b) No, non-solenoidal
c) Solenoidal with negative divergence
d) Variable divergence
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Div(E) = Dx(yz) + Dy(xz) + Dz(xy) = 0. The divergence is zero, thus vector is
divergentless or solenoidal.

9. Find the divergence of the field, P = x2yz i + xz k

a) xyz + 2x
b) 2xyz + x
c) xyz + 2z
d) 2xyz + z
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Div(P) = Dx(x2yz) + Dy(0) + Dz(xz) = 2xyz + x, which is option b. For different
values of x,y,z the divergence of the field varies.
10. Identify the nature of the field, if the divergence is zero and curl is also zero.
a) Solenoidal, irrotational
b) Divergent, rotational
c) Solenoidal, irrotational
d) Divergent, rotational
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Since the vector field does not diverge (moves in a straight path), the divergence is
zero. Also, the path does not possess any curls, so the field is irrotational.

Curl - Electromagnetic Theory Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Curl”.

1. Curl is defined as the angular velocity at every point of the vector field. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Curl is defined as the circulation of a vector per unit area. It is the cross product of
the del operator and any vector field. Circulation implies the angular at every point of the vector
field. It is obtained by multiplying the component of the vector parallel to the specified closed
path at each point along it, by the differential path length and summing the results.

2. The curl of curl of a vector is given by,

a) Div(Grad V) – (Del)2V
b) Grad(Div V) – (Del)2V
c) (Del)2V – Div(Grad V)
d) (Del)2V – Grad(Div V)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Curl (Curl V) = Grad (Div V) – (Del)2V is a standard result of the curl operation.

3. Which of the following theorem use the curl operation?

a) Green’s theorem
b) Gauss Divergence theorem
c) Stoke’s theorem
d) Maxwell equation
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Stoke’s theorem is given by ∫ A.dl = ∫Curl(A).ds, which uses the curl operation.
There can be confusion with Maxwell equation also, but it uses curl in electromagnetics
specifically, whereas the Stoke’s theorem uses it in a generalised manner. Thus the best option is
c.

4. The curl of a curl of a vector gives a

a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Zero value
d) Non zero value
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Curl is always defined for vectors only. The curl of a vector is a vector only. The
curl of the resultant vector is also a vector only.

5. Find the curl of the vector and state its nature at (1,1,-0.2)
F = 30 i + 2xy j + 5xz2 k
a) √4.01
b) √4.02
c) √4.03
d) √4.04
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Curl F = -5z2 j + 2y k. At (1,1,-0.2), Curl F = -0.2 j + 2 k. |Curl F| = √(-0.22+22) =
√4.04.

6. Is the vector is irrotational. E = yz i + xz j + xy k

a) Yes
b) No
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Curl E = i(Dy(xy) – Dz(xz)) – j (Dx(xy) – Dz(yz)) + k(Dx(xz) – Dy(yz)) =
i(x – x) – j(y – y) + k(z – z) = 0
Since the curl is zero, the vector is irrotational or curl-free.

7. Find the curl of A = (y cos ax)i + (y + ex)k

a) 2i – ex j – cos ax k
b) i – ex j – cos ax k
c) 2i – ex j + cos ax k
d) i – ex j + cos ax k
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Curl A = i(Dy(y + ex)) – j (Dx(y + ex) – Dz(y cos ax)) + k(-Dy(y cos ax))
= 1.i – j(ex) – k cos ax = i – ex j – cos ax k.

8. Find the curl of the vector A = yz i + 4xy j + y k

a) xi + j + (4y – z)k
b) xi + yj + (z – 4y)k
c) i + j + (4y – z)k
d) i + yj + (4y – z)k
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Curl A = i(Dy(y) – Dz(0)) – j (Dx(0) – Dz(yz)) + k(Dx(4xy) – Dy(yz)) =
i + y j + (4y – z)k, which is option d.

9. Curl cannot be employed in which one of the following?

a) Directional coupler
b) Magic Tee
c) Isolator and Terminator
d) Waveguides
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In the options a, b, c, the EM waves travel both in linear and angular motion, which
involves curl too. But in waveguides, as the name suggests, only guided propagation occurs (no
bending or curl of waves).

10. Which of the following Maxwell equations use curl operation?

a) Maxwell 1st and 2nd equation
b) Maxwell 3rd and 4th equation
c) All the four equations
d) None of the equations
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Maxwell 1st equation, Curl (H) = J (Ampere law)
Maxwell 2nd equation, Curl (E) = -D(B)/Dt (Faraday’s law)
Maxwell 3rd equation, Div (D) = Q (Gauss law for electric field)
Maxwell 4th equation, Div (B) = 0(Gauss law for magnetic field)
It is clear that only 1st and 2nd equations use the curl operation.
Line Integral - Electromagnetic Theory
Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Line Integral”.

1. An electric field is given as E = 6y2z i + 12xyz j + 6xy2 k. An incremental path is given by dl

= -3 i + 5 j – 2 k mm. The work done in moving a 2mC charge along the path if the location of
the path is at p(0,2,5) is (in Joule)
a) 0.64
b) 0.72
c) 0.78
d) 0.80
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: W = -Q E.dl
W = -2 X 10-3 X (6y2z i + 12xyz j + 6xy2 k) . (-3 i + 5 j -2 k)
At p(0,2,5), W = -2(-18.22.5) X 10-3 = 0.72 J.

2. The integral form of potential and field relation is given by line integral. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Vab = -∫ E.dl is the relation between potential and field. It is clear that it is given by
line integral.

3. If V = 2x2y – 5z, find its electric field at point (-4,3,6)

a) 47.905
b) 57.905
c) 67.905
d) 77.905
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: E = -Grad (V) = -4xy i – 2×2 j + 5k
At (-4,3,6), E = 48 i – 32 j + 5 k, |E| = √3353 = 57.905 units.

4. Find the potential between two points p(1,-1,0) and q(2,1,3) with E = 40xy i + 20x2 j + 2 k
a) 104
b) 105
c) 106
d) 107
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: V = -∫ E.dl = -∫ (40xy dx + 20x2 dy + 2 dz) , from q to p.
On integrating, we get 106 volts.

5. Find the potential between a(-7,2,1) and b(4,1,2). Given E = (-6y/x2 )i + ( 6/x) j + 5 k.
a) -8.014
b) -8.114
c) -8.214
d) -8.314
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: V = -∫ E.dl = -∫ (-6y/x2 )dx + ( 6/x)dy + 5 dz, from b to a.
On integrating, we get -8.214 volts.

6. The potential of a uniformly charged line with density λ is given by,

λ/(2πε) ln(b/a). State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The electric field intensity is given by, E = λ/(2πεr)
Vab = -∫ E.dr = -∫ λ/(2πεr). On integrating from b to a, we get λ/(2πε) ln(b/a).

7. A field in which a test charge around any closed surface in static path is zero is called
a) Solenoidal
b) Rotational
c) Irrotational
d) Conservative
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Work done in moving a charge in a closed path is zero. It is expressed as, ∫ E.dl = 0.
The field having this property is called conservative or lamellar field.

8. The potential in a lamellar field is

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Work done in a lamellar field is zero. ∫ E.dl = 0,thus ∑V = 0. The potential will be
zero.

9. Line integral is used to calculate

a) Force
b) Area
c) Volume
d) Length
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Length is a linear quantity, whereas area is two dimensional and volume is three
dimensional. Thus single or line integral can be used to find length in general.

10. The energy stored in the inductor 100mH with a current of 2A is

a) 0.2
b) 0.4
c) 0.6
d) 0.8
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: dw = ei dt = Li di, W = L∫ i.di
Energy E = 0.5LI2 = 0.5 X 0.1 X 22 = 0.2 Joule.

Surface Integral - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Surface Integral”.

1. Gauss law for electric field uses surface integral. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss law states that the electric flux passing through any closed surface is equal to
the total charge enclosed by the surface. Thus the charge is defined as a surface integral.

2. Surface integral is used to compute

a) Surface
b) Area
c) Volume
d) density
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Surface integral is used to compute area, which is the product of two quantities
length and breadth. Thus it is two dimensional integral.

3. Coulomb’s law can be derived from Gauss law. State True/ False
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss law, Q = ∫∫D.ds
By considering area of a sphere, ds = r2sin θ dθ dφ.
On integrating, we get Q = 4πr2D and D = εE, where E = F/Q.
Thus, we get Coulomb’s law F = Q1 x Q2/4∏εR2.

4. Evaluate Gauss law for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates with r = 4m and θ = π/2.
a) 600
b) 599.8
c) 588.9
d) 577.8
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫ ( 5r2/4) . (r2 sin θ dθ dφ), which is the integral to be evaluated.
Put r = 4m and substitute θ = 0→ π/4 and φ = 0→ 2π, the integral evaluates to 588.9.

5. Compute the Gauss law for D= 10ρ3/4 i, in cylindrical coordinates with ρ= 4m, z=0 and z=5.
a) 6100 π
b) 6200 π
c) 6300 π
d) 6400 π
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫ (10ρ3/4).(ρ dφ dz), which is the integral to be evaluated. Put ρ = 4m, z =
0→5 and φ = 0→2π, the integral evaluates to 6400π.

6. Compute divergence theorem for D= 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates between r=1 and r=2.
a) 80π
b) 5π
c) 75π
d) 85π
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫ ( 5r2/4) . (r2 sin θ dθ dφ), which is the integral to be evaluated. Since it is double
integral, we need to keep only two variables and one constant compulsorily. Evaluate it as two
integrals keeping r = 1 for the first integral and r = 2 for the second integral, with φ = 0→2π and
θ = 0→ π. The first integral value is 80π, whereas second integral gives -5π. On summing both
integrals, we get 75π.

7. Find the value of divergence theorem for A = xy2 i + y3 j + y2z k for a cuboid given by 0<x<1,
0<y<1 and 0<z<1.
a) 1
b) 4/3
c) 5/3
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A cuboid has six faces. ∫∫A.ds = ∫∫Ax=0 dy dz + ∫∫Ax=1 dy dz + ∫∫Ay=0 dx dz +
∫∫Ay=1 dx dz + ∫∫Az=0 dy dx + ∫∫Az=1 dy dx. Substituting A and integrating we get (1/3) + 1 +
(1/3) = 5/3.

8. The ultimate result of the divergence theorem evaluates which one of the following?
a) Field intensity
b) Field density
c) Potential
d) Charge and flux
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Gauss law states that the electric flux passing through any closed surface is equal to
the total charge enclosed by the surface. Thus, it is given by, ψ = ∫∫ D.ds= Q, where the
divergence theorem computes the charge and flux, which are both the same.

9. Find the value of divergence theorem for the field D = 2xy i + x2 j for the rectangular
parallelepiped given by x = 0 and 1, y = 0 and 2, z = 0 and 3.
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: While evaluating surface integral, there has to be two variables and one constant
compulsorily. ∫∫D.ds = ∫∫Dx=0 dy dz + ∫∫Dx=1 dy dz + ∫∫Dy=0 dx dz + ∫∫Dy=2 dx dz + ∫∫Dz=0 dy
dx + ∫∫Dz=3 dy dx. Put D in equation, the integral value we get is 12.

10. If D = 2xy i + 3yz j + 4xz k, how much flux passes through x = 3 plane for which -1<y<2 and
0<z<4?
a) 12
b) 24
c) 36
d) 48
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss law, ψ = ∫∫ D.ds, where ds = dydz i at the x-plane. Put x = 3 and integrate
at -1<y<2 and 0<z<4, we get 12 X 3 = 36.

Volume Integral - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Volume Integral”.

1. The divergence theorem converts

a) Line to surface integral
b) Surface to volume integral
c) Volume to line integral
d) Surface to line integral
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The divergence theorem is given by, ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv. It is clear that it
converts surface (double) integral to volume(triple) integral.

2. The triple integral is used to compute volume. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The triple integral, as the name suggests integrates the function/quantity three
times. This gives volume which is the product of three independent quantities.

3. The volume integral is three dimensional. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Volume integral integrates the independent quantities by three times. Thus it is said
to be three dimensional integral or triple integral.

4. Find the charged enclosed by a sphere of charge density ρ and radius a.

a) ρ (4πa2)
b) ρ(4πa3/3)
c) ρ(2πa2)
d) ρ(2πa3/3)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The charge enclosed by the sphere is Q = ∫∫∫ ρ dv.
Where, dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ and on integrating with r = 0->a, φ = 0->2π and θ = 0->π, we get Q
= ρ(4πa3/3).

5. Evaluate Gauss law for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates with r = 4m and θ = π/2 as volume
integral.
a) 600
b) 588.9
c) 577.8
d) 599.7
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 5r and dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ. On integrating, r = 0->4, φ
= 0->2π and θ = 0->π/4, we get Q = 588.9.

6. Compute divergence theorem for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates between r = 1 and r = 2

in volume integral.
a) 80 π
b) 5 π
c) 75 π
d) 85 π
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 5r and dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ. On integrating, r = 1->2, φ
= 0->2π and θ = 0->π, we get Q = 75 π.

7. Compute the Gauss law for D = 10ρ3/4 i, in cylindrical coordinates with ρ = 4m, z = 0 and z =
5, hence find charge using volume integral.
a) 6100 π
b) 6200 π
c) 6300 π
d) 6400 π
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Q = D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 10 ρ2 and dv = ρ dρ dφ dz. On integrating, ρ = 0->4, φ =
0->2π and z = 0->5, we get Q = 6400 π.

8. Using volume integral, which quantity can be calculated?

a) area of cube
b) area of cuboid
c) volume of cube
d) distance of vector
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The volume integral gives the volume of a vector in a region. Thus volume of a
cube can be computed.

9. Compute the charge enclosed by a cube of 2m each edge centered at the origin and with the
edges parallel to the axes. Given D = 10y3/3 j.
a) 20
b) 70/3
c) 80/3
d) 30
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Div(D) = 10y2
∫∫∫Div (D) dv = ∫∫∫ 10y2 dx dy dz. On integrating, x = -1->1, y = -1->1 and z = -1->1, we get Q =
80/3.
10. Find the value of divergence theorem for the field D = 2xy i + x2 j for the rectangular
parallelepiped given by x = 0 and 1, y = 0 and 2, z = 0 and 3.
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Div (D) = 2y
∫∫∫Div (D) dv = ∫∫∫ 2y dx dy dz. On integrating, x = 0->1, y = 0->2 and z = 0->3, we get Q = 12.

Electromagnetic Theory Interview Questions

and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Interview Questions and Answers focuses on “Laplacian
Operator”.

1. The point form of Gauss law is given by, Div(V) = ρv

State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The integral form of Gauss law is ∫∫∫ ρv dv = V. Thus differential or point form will
be Div(V) = ρv.

2. If a function is said to be harmonic, then

a) Curl(Grad V) = 0
b) Div(Curl V) = 0
c) Div(Grad V) = 0
d) Grad(Curl V) = 0
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Though option a & b are also correct, for harmonic fields, the Laplacian of electric
potential is zero. Now, Laplacian refers to Div(Grad V), which is zero for harmonic fields.

3. The Poisson equation cannot be determined from Laplace equation. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Poisson equation is a general case for Laplace equation. If volume charge
density exists for a field, then (Del)2V= -ρv/ε, which is called Poisson equation.

4. Given the potential V = 25 sin θ, in free space, determine whether V satisfies Laplace’s
equation.
a) Yes
b) No
c) Data sufficient
d) Potential is not defined
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (Del)2V = 0
(Del)2V = (Del)2(25 sin θ), which is not equal to zero. Thus the field does not satisfy Laplace
equation.

5. If a potential V is 2V at x = 1mm and is zero at x=0 and volume charge density is -106εo,
constant throughout the free space region between x = 0 and x = 1mm. Calculate V at x =
0.5mm.
a) 0.875
b) 0.675
c) 0.475
d) 0.275
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Del2(V) = -ρv/εo= +106
On integrating twice with respect to x, V = 106. (x2/2) + C1x + C2.
Substitute the boundary conditions, x = 0, V = 0 and x = 1mm, V = 2V in V,
C1 = 1500 and C2 = 0. At x = 0.5mm, we get, V = 0.875V.

6. Find the Laplace equation value of the following potential field

V = x2 – y2 + z2
a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: (Del) V = 2x – 2y + 2z
(Del)2 V = 2 – 2 + 2= 2, which is non zero value. Thus it doesn’t satisfy Laplace equation.
7. Find the Laplace equation value of the following potential field
V = ρ cosφ + z
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: (Del)2 (ρ cosφ + z)= (cos φ/r) – (cos φ/r) + 0
= 0, this satisfies Laplace equation. The value is 0.

8. Find the Laplace equation value of the following potential field

V = r cos θ + φ
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: (Del)2 (r cos θ + φ) = (2 cosθ/r) – (2 cosθ/r) + 0
= 0, this satisfies Laplace equation. This value is 0.

9. The Laplacian operator cannot be used in which one the following?

a) Two dimensional heat equation
b) Two dimensional wave equation
c) Poisson equation
d) Maxwell equation
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The first three options are general cases of Laplacian equation. Maxwell equation
uses only divergence and curl, which is first order differential equation, whereas Laplacian
operator is second order differential equation. Thus Maxwell equation will not employ Laplacian
operator.

10. When a potential satisfies Laplace equation, then it is said to be

a) Solenoidal
b) Divergent
c) Lamellar
d) Harmonic
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A field satisfying the Laplace equation is termed as harmonic field.
Stokes Theorem - Electromagnetic Theory
Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Stoke’s Theorem”.

1. Find the value of Stoke’s theorem for y i + z j + x k.

a) i + j
b) j + k
c) i + j + k
d) –i – j – k
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The curl of y i + z j + x k is i(0-1) – j(1-0) + k(0-1) =
-i –j –k. Since the curl is zero, the value of Stoke’s theorem is zero. The function is said to be
irrotational.

2. The Stoke’s theorem uses which of the following operation?

a) Divergence
b) Gradient
c) Curl
d) Laplacian
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ∫A.dl = ∫∫ Curl (A).ds is the expression for Stoke’s theorem. It is clear that the
theorem uses curl operation.

3. Which of the following theorem convert line integral to surface integral?

a) Gauss divergence and Stoke’s theorem
b) Stoke’s theorem only
c) Green’ s theorem only
d) Stoke’s and Green’s theorem
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Stoke’s theorem is given by ∫A.dl = ∫∫ Curl (A).ds. Green’s theorem is given
by, ∫ F dx + G dy = ∫∫ (dG/dx – dF/dy) dx dy. It is clear that both the theorems convert line to
surface integral.
4. Find the value of Stoke’s theorem for A = x i + y j + z k. The state of the function will be
a) Solenoidal
b) Divergent
c) Rotational
d) Curl free
View Answer

Answer: Since curl is required, we need not bother about divergence property. The curl of the
function will be i(0-0) – j(0-0) + k(0-0) = 0. The curl is zero, thus the function is said to be
irrotational or curl free.

5. The Stoke’s theorem can be used to find which of the following?

a) Area enclosed by a function in the given region
b) Volume enclosed by a function in the given region
c) Linear distance
d) Curl of the function
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: It states that the line integral of a function gives the surface area of the function
enclosed by the given region. This is computed using the double integral of the curl of the
function.

6. The energy stored in an inductor 2H and current 4A is

a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate energy stored in an inductor as 0.5Li2. E =
0.5 X 2 X 42 = 16 units.

7. The voltage of a capacitor 12F with a rating of 2J energy is

a) 0.57
b) 5.7
c) 57
d) 570
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: We can compute the energy stored in a capacitor from Stoke’s theorem as 0.5Cv2.
Thus given energy is 0.5 X 12 X v2. We get v = 0.57 volts.
8. Find the power, given energy E = 2J and current density J = x2 varies from x = 0 and x = 1.
a) 1/3
b) 2/3
c) 1
d) 4/3
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate P = E X I = ∫ E. J ds
= 2∫ x2 dx as x = 0->1. We get P = 2/3 units.

9. The conductivity of a material with current density 1 unit and electric field 200 μV is
a) 2000
b) 3000
c) 4000
d) 5000
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The current density is given by, J = σE. To find conductivity, σ = J/E = 1/200 X 10-
6
= 5000.

10. The resistivity of a material with resistance 200 ohm, length 10m and area twice that of the
length is
a) 200
b) 300
c) 400
d) 500
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Resistance calculated from Ohm’s law and Stoke’s theorem will be R = ρL/A. To
get resistivity, ρ = RA/L = 200 X 20/10 = 400.

Green's Theorem - Electromagnetic Theory

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Green’s Theorem”.

1. Mathematically, the functions in Green’s theorem will be

a) Continuous derivatives
b) Discrete derivatives
c) Continuous partial derivatives
d) Discrete partial derivatives
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Green’s theorem states that if L and M are functions of (x,y) in an open region
containing D and having continuous partial derivatives then,
∫ (F dx + G dy) = ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy, with path taken anticlockwise.

2. Find the value of Green’s theorem for F = x2 and G = y2 is

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy = ∫∫(0 – 0)dx dy = 0. The value of Green’s theorem gives
zero for the functions given.

3. Which of the following is not an application of Green’s theorem?

a) Solving two dimensional flow integrals
b) Area surveying
c) Volume of plane figures
d) Centroid of plane figures
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In physics, Green’s theorem is used to find the two dimensional flow integrals. In
plane geometry, it is used to find the area and centroid of plane figures.

4. The path traversal in calculating the Green’s theorem is

a) Clockwise
b) Anticlockwise
c) Inwards
d) Outwards
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Green’s theorem calculates the area traversed by the functions in the region in
the anticlockwise direction. This converts the line integral to surface integral.

5. Calculate the Green’s value for the functions F = y2 and G = x2 for the region x = 1 and y = 2
from origin.
a) 0
b) 2
c) -2
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy = ∫∫(2x – 2y)dx dy. On integrating for x = 0->1 and y = 0-
>2, we get Green’s value as -2.

6. If two functions A and B are discrete, their Green’s value for a region of circle of radius a in
the positive quadrant is
a) ∞
b) -∞
c) 0
d) Does not exist
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Green’s theorem is valid only for continuous functions. Since the given functions
are discrete, the theorem is invalid or does not exist.

7. Applications of Green’s theorem are meant to be in

a) One dimensional
b) Two dimensional
c) Three dimensional
d) Four dimensional
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since Green’s theorem converts line integral to surface integral, we get the value as
two dimensional. In other words the functions are variable with respect to x,y, which is two
dimensional.

8. The Green’s theorem can be related to which of the following theorems mathematically?
a) Gauss divergence theorem
b) Stoke’s theorem
c) Euler’s theorem
d) Leibnitz’s theorem
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Green’s theorem is a special case of the Kelvin- Stokes theorem, when applied
to a region in the x-y plane. It is a widely used theorem in mathematics and physics.

9. The Shoelace formula is a shortcut for the Green’s theorem. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Shoelace theorem is used to find the area of polygon using cross multiples.
This can be verified by dividing the polygon into triangles. It is a special case of Green’s
theorem.

10. Find the area of a right angled triangle with sides of 90 degree unit and the functions
described by L = cos y and M = sin x.
a) 0
b) 45
c) 90
d) 180
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: dM/dx = cos x and dL/dy = -sin y
∫∫(dM/dx – dL/dy)dx dy = ∫∫ (cos x + sin y)dx dy. On integrating with x = 0->90 and y = 0->90,
we get area of right angled triangle as -180 units (taken in clockwise direction). Since area
cannot be negative, we take 180 units.

Electromagnetic Theory Questions and

Answers for Freshers - Sanfoundry
by staff10

This set of Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on “Gauss
Divergence Theorem”.

1. Gauss theorem uses which of the following operations?

a) Gradient
b) Curl
c) Divergence
d) Laplacian
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Gauss divergence theorem uses divergence operator to convert surface to
volume integral. It is used to calculate the volume of the function enclosing the region given.

2. Evaluate the surface integral ∫∫ (3x i + 2y j). dS, where S is the sphere given by x 2 + y2 + z2 =
9.
a) 120π
b) 180π
c) 240π
d) 300π
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: We could parameterise surface and find surface integral, but it is wise to use
divergence theorem to get faster results. The divergence theorem is given by ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫ Div
(F).dV
Div (3x i + 2y j) = 3 + 2 = 5. Now the volume integral will be ∫∫∫ 5.dV, where dV is the volume
of the sphere 4πr3/3 and r = 3units.Thus we get 180π.

3. The Gauss divergence theorem converts

a) line to surface integral
b) line to volume integral
c) surface to line integral
d) surface to volume integral
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The divergence theorem for a function F is given by ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫ Div (F).dV. Thus
it converts surface to volume integral.

4. The divergence theorem for a surface consisting of a sphere is computed in which coordinate
system?
a) Cartesian
b) Cylindrical
c) Spherical
d) Depends on the function
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Seeing the surface as sphere, we would immediately choose spherical system, but it
is wrong. The divergence operation is performed in that coordinate system in which the function
belongs to. It is independent of the surface region.

5. Find the Gauss value for a position vector in Cartesian system from the origin to one unit in
three dimensions.
a) 0
b) 3
c) -3
d) 1
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The position vector in Cartesian system is given by R = x i + y j + z k. Div(R) = 1 +
1 + 1 = 3. By divergence theorem, ∫∫∫3.dV, where V is a cube with x = 0->1, y = 0->1 and z = 0-
>1. On integrating, we get 3 units.

6. The divergence theorem value for the function x2 + y2 + z2 at a distance of one unit from the
origin is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Div (F) = 2x + 2y + 2z. The triple integral of the divergence of the function is ∫∫∫(2x
+ 2y + 2z)dx dy dz, where x = 0->1, y = 0->1 and z = 0->1. On integrating, we get 3 units.

7. If a function is described by F = (3x + z, y2 − sin x2z, xz + yex5), then the divergence theorem
value in the region 0<x<1, 0<y<3 and 0<z<2 will be
a) 13
b) 26
c) 39
d) 51
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Div (F) = 3 + 2y + x. By divergence theorem, the triple integral of Div F in the
region is ∫∫∫ (3 + 2y + x) dx dy dz. On integrating from x = 0->1, y = 0->3 and z = 0->2, we get
39 units.

8. Find the divergence theorem value for the function given by (ez, sin x, y2)
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) 2
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the divergence of the function is zero, the triple integral leads to zero. The
Gauss theorem gives zero value.

9. For a function given by F = 4x i + 7y j +z k, the divergence theorem evaluates to which of the

values given, if the surface considered is a cone of radius 1/2π m and height 4π2 m.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div (F) = 4 + 7 + 1 = 12. The divergence theorem gives ∫∫∫(12).dV, where dV is the
volume of the cone πr3h/3, where r = 1/2π m and h = 4π2 m. On substituting the radius and height
in the triple integral, we get 2 units.

10. Divergence theorem computes to zero for a solenoidal function. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The divergence theorem is given by, ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫ Div (F).dV, for a function F. If the
function is solenoidal, its divergence will be zero. Thus the theorem computes to zero.