Example 5.

3 page1/11
Ref. Calculation Output
Specification

A B C D
L L L
1

w1 B
1a
w2
B
2

B
2a

B
3

Nominal cover concrete = 30 mm

Span, L = 8.0 m
Width, B = 3.0 m
Slab thickness = 110 mm
Beam size = 225 x 500 mm
Characteristic Actions:
Finishes etc. = 1.5 kN/m
Variable, Qk = 3.0 kN/m
Materials :
3
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/mm (Table A.1 EN 1991-1)
2
Chac. strength of concrete, fck = 25 N/mm (Table F.1 EN 206)
2
Chac. strength of steel, fyk = 500 N/mm
Assumed:
Øbar1 = 20 mm
Øbar2 = 16 mm
Ølink = 6 mm
Design beam 1a/A-D

Beam 1a/A-D

w kN/m w kN/m w kN/m

8.0 m 8.0 m 8.0 m

A B C D

Page 1 of 11
 page 2/11
Ref. Calculation Output
5.3.2.1 EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH
beff

bw = 225 mm h
hf = 110 mm
h
h = 500 mm
b1 = 1387.5 mm
b2 = 1387.5 mm
bw

Actual falange width,

b = b1 +b2 +bw
= 3000 mm

Effective flange width,

b eff, = Σ b eff, i + b w ≤ b
b eff, i = 0.2b i + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o

Span A-B, C-D 0.2l o = 1360

l0 = 0.85 l = 0.85 x 8000 = 6800 mm
b eff, 1 = 0.2b 1 + 0.1l o = 957.5 mm < 0.2lo b eff, 1 = 957.5
b eff, 2 = 0.2b 2 + 0.1l o = 957.5 mm < 0.2lo b eff, 2 = 957.5
beff, = Σ b eff, i + b w ≤ b = 2140 mm < b beff, = 2140

Span B-C 0.2l o = 1120

l0 = 0.7 l = 0.70 x 8000 = 5600 mm
b eff, 1 = 0.2b 1 + 0.1l o = 837.5 mm < 0.2lo b eff, 1 = 837.5
b eff, 2 = 0.2b 2 + 0.1l o = 837.5 mm < 0.2lo b eff, 2 = 837.5
beff, = Σ b eff, i + b w ≤ b = 1900 mm > b beff, = 1900

LOADING & ANALYSIS

Loads on slab:
Slab selfweight = (0.11 x 25) = 2.75 kN/m2
Finishes etc. = 1.50 kN/m2
2
Characteristic permanent action, Gk = 4.25 kN/m
2
Characteristic variable action, Qk = 3.00 kN/m

Action on beam 1a/A-D:

Distribution of action from slabs to beam are as follows:
Panel 1-1a/A-D:
L y /L x = 2.7 > 2.0 one way slab

Permanent load ;
w0 = (0.50 - 0.11) x 0.225 x 25 = 2.19 kN/m
w1 = nLx/2 = 12.75 / 2.0 = 6.38 kN/m
w2 = nLx/2 = 12.75 / 2.0 = 6.38 kN/m
Gk = 14.94 kN/m

Variable load ;
w1 = nLx/2 = 9.00 / 2.0 = 4.50 kN/m
w2 = nLx/2 = 9.00 / 2.0 = 4.50 kN/m
Qk = 9.00 kN/m

Page 2 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
Total design acrion on beam1a/A-D, wd
= (1.35 x 14.94) + ( 1.5 x 9.00) = 33.67 kN/m

Continuous beam with equal spans, uniform action and Qk<Gk, use moment and shear
coefficient from Table 3.14 BS 8110

w kN/m w kN/m w kN/m

A B C D

0.01 FL 0.01 FL

Bending Moment
0.09 FL 0.07 FL 0.09 FL

0.45F 0.55F 0.6F

Shear Force

0.6F 0.55F 0.45F

F = w d L kN = 269.4 kN

MAIN REINFORCEMENT
Span A-B & C-D
Effective depth,
d = h - C nom -Ø link - Ø bar1 = 454 mm

Bending Moment,M = 0.09 FL = 193.96 kNm

Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d-0.5h f )
= 0.567 x 25 x 2140 x 110 x (454 - 55)
= 1331.4 kNm

M < Mf neutral axis in the flange

K = M/fckbd2 6 2
= 194. x 10 / 25 x 2140 x 454
= 0.018

z = d[0.5 + (0.25-K/1.134) ]
= 454.0 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.018/ 1.134)
= 446.85

Area of tension compression steel

As = M / 0.87fykz
6
= 194. x 10 / 0.87 x 500 x 446.8 Use : 5H 20
2
= 998 mm mm2)
( 1571

Page 3 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
9.2.1.1 Minimum and maximum reinforcement area,
As, min = 0.26 (fctm / fyk) bd
= 0.26 (2.6 / 500) bd
= 0.0014 bd > 0.0013 bd Use : 0.0014 bd
= 0.0014 225 x 454
2
= 138 mm OK

As, max = 0.04 bh

= 0.04 x 225 x x 500
2
= 4500 mm OK

Support B & C
Effective depth,
d = h - C nom -Ø link - Ø bar1 = 454 mm

Bending Moment,M = 0.01 FL = 237 kNm

K = M/fckbd2
= 237 x 10 6/ 25 x 225 x 454 x 454
= 0.204 > Kbal = 0.167
=>Compression reinforcement is required

z = d [0.5 + (0.25-Kbal /1.134) ]

= 454 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.167/ 1.134)
= 372.5 mm

d' = C nom + Ølink +Øbar2/2 = 44 mm

x = (d - z) / 0.4 = 203.709 mm

d'/x = 0.22 < 0.38

Area of compression steel

As' = (K - K bal) fckbd2 / 0.87 fyk (d-d' )
= (0.204 - 0.167) 25 x 225 x 454 x 454
0.87 x 500 (454 - 44) Use : 5H 20
2 2
= 244 mm ( 1571 mm )

Area of tension steel

As = [Kbalfckbd2 / 0.87fykz] + As'
= 0.167 x 25 x 225 x 454 x 454 + 244
0.87 500 x 372.5
2
= 1438 mm
Use : 2H 16
2
As, min = 0.0014 bd = 138 mm ( 402 mm2)
2
As, max = 0.04 bh = 4500 mm

Page 4 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
Span B-C
Effective depth,
d = h - C nom -Ø link - Ø bar1 = 454 mm

Bending Moment,M = 0.07 FL = 151 kNm

Mf = 0.567f ck bh f (d-0.5h f )
= 0.567 x 25 x 1900 x 110 x (454 - 55)
= 1182 kNm

M < Mf neutral axis in the flange

K = M/fckbd2 6 2
= 151. x 10 / 25 x 1900 x 454
= 0.015

z = d[0.5 + (0.25-K/1.134) ]
= 454.0 [0.5 + (0.25 - 0.015/ 1.134)
= 447.74

Area of tension compression steel

As = M / 0.87fykz
6
= 150. x 19 / 0.87 x 500 x 447.7 Use : 3H 20
2 2
= 775 mm ( 943 mm )

As, min = 0.0014 bd = 138 mm2

As, max = 0.04 bh = 4500 mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
6.2.3 Concrete strut capacity
V RD, max = 0.36b w df ck (1-f ck /250)/(cot Ө + tan Ө)
= 0.36 x 225 x 454 x 25 (1- 25 / 250) 25/250 = 0.1
(cotӨ + tanӨ)

= 287 kN 22 0 cot 22 = 2.5 cot = 1/tan

0
= 414 kN 45 cot 45 = 1.0

Support A & D
V ED = 0.45F = 121 kN

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 2.5 , Ө = 22 0

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 1.0 , Ө = 45 0
Therefore angle, Ө < 22 0

Shear links
Asw/s = VED / 0.78fyk d cotӨ
= 121 x 10 3 / 0.78 x 500 x 454 x 2.5
= 0.277

Page 5 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.277 = 204 mm < 341 mm

Use :
9.2.2(6) Max. spacing, smax = 0.75d = 341 mm H6 - 200

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
∆Ftd = 0.5VED cotӨ
= 0.5 x 121 x x 2.5)
= 150 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = ∆Ftd / 0.87fyk Use :
= 150 x 103 / 0.87 x 500 2H 16
2 2
= 345 mm (402 mm )

Support B & C
V ED = 0.60F = 162 kN

0
V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 2.5 , Ө = 22
V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 1.0 , Ө = 45 0
0
Therefore angle, Ө < 22

Shear links
Asw/s = VED / 0.78fyk d cotӨ
3
= 162 x 10 / 0.78 x 500 x 454 x 2.5
= 0.369

Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.369 = 153 mm < 341 mm

Use :
9.2.2(6) Max. spacing, smax = 0.75d = 341 mm H6 - 150

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
∆Ftd = 0.5VED cotӨ
= 0.5 x 162 x x 2.5)
= 200 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = ∆Ftd / 0.87fyk Use :
3
= 200 x 10 / 0.87 x 500 3H 16
2 2
= 460 mm (603 mm )

Page 6 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
Support B & C
V ED = 0.55F = 148 kN

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 2.5 , Ө = 22 0

V ED < V RD, max cot Ө = 1.0 , Ө = 45 0
Therefore angle, Ө < 22 0

Shear links
Asw/s = VED / 0.78fyk d cotӨ
= 148 x 10 3 / 0.78 x 500 x 454 x 2.5
= 0.338

Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.338 = 167 mm < 341 mm

Use :
9.2.2(6) Max. spacing, smax = 0.75d = 341 mm H6 - 150

6.2.3(7) Additional longitudinal reinforcement

Additional tensile force,
∆Ftd = 0.5VED cotӨ
= 0.5 x 148 x x 2.5
= 183 kN

Additional tension reinforcement,

As = ∆Ftd / 0.87fyk Use :
= 183 x 103 / 0.87 x 500 3H 16
2
= 422 mm2 (603 mm )

9.2.2(5) Minimum links

Asw/s = 0.08fck1/2 bw / fyk
= 0.08 x (25) 1/2 x 225 / 500
= 0.180

Try link : H6 Asw = 57 mm2

Spacing, s = 57 / 0.180
= 314 mm < 341 mm Use :
H6 - 300
Shear resistance of minimum links
Vmin = (Asw/s)(0.78 d fyk cotӨ)
= (57 / 300) (0.78 x 454.0 x 500 x 2.5)
= 83 kN

Links arrangement
121 148 162 83

83 162 148 121

x1 x2 x3

Page 7 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
x1 = (121 - 83) / 33.67 = 1.147 m
x2 = (162 - 83) / 33.67 = 2.347 m
x3 = (148 - 83) / 33.67 = 1.947 m

6.2.4 Tranverse steel in the flange

The longitudinal shear stresses are the greatest over a distance ∆x measured from the zero
moment
∆x = 0.5(0.3L) = 1200 mm *Estimate

The change in moment over distance ∆x from zero moment,

∆M = 0.70Mmax = 0.7 x 193.96 *Estimate
= 136 kNm

The change of longitudinal force,

∆Fd = [∆M/(d-0.5hf)] x [(b-bw)/2b]
= 136 x 103 (2140 - 225)
x
454 - 55 (2 x 2140)
= 152 kN

Longitudinal shear stress,

v Ed = ∆Fd/(hf∆x)
3
= 152 x 10 / (110 X 1200)
= 1.15 N/mm2

6.2.4(6) v Ed > 0.27fctk = 0.27 x 1.8 = 0.486 N/mm2

=> Tranverse steel reinforcement is required

Concrete strut capacity in the flange

v Ed, max = 0.4fck(1-fck/250) / (cot Ө + tan Ө)
= 0.4 x 25 x (1- 25 / 250) 25/250 = 0.1
(cotӨ + tanӨ)

0
v Ed = 3.59 kN 26.5 cot 27 = 2.0 tan 270 = 0.510
0
v Ed = 5.96 kN 45 cot 45 = 1.0

v Ed < v Ed, max cot 26.5

v Ed < v Ed, max cot 45
0
Therefore angle Ө = 26.5

Tranverse shear reinforcement

Asf/sf = v EDhf / 0.87fyk cotӨ
= 1.15 x 110 / 0.87 x 500 x 2.0
= 0.15

Try link : H 10 Asf = 79 mm2

Spacing, sf = 79 / 0.15 = 539 mm

Page 8 of 11
 page 9/11
Ref. Calculation Output
9.2.1(1) Minimum tranverse steel area,
As,min = 0.26(fctm/fyk)bhf
= 0.26 x (2.60 / 500) bhf
= 0.00135 bhf Use:
= 0.00135 x 1000 x 110 H10 -500
2
= 149 mm2 (157 mm )
7.4 DEFLECTION
Check at span A-B
Percentage of required tension reinforceent,
ρ = As req / bd
= 998 / x 225 x 454
= 0.010

Reference reinforcement ratio,

= (fck)1/2 x 10-3
1/2
ρo = (25) x 10-3
= 0.005

Percentage of required compression reinforceent,

ρ' = As' req / bd
= 0 / x 225 x 454
= 0.0 Use : 1.0

Table 7.4N Factor for structural system, K = 1.3

ρ > ρo

1/2 1/2
= 1.3 [ 11 + 1.5 (25) 0.005 / ( 0.010 - 0.0 ) (25) = 5.00
1/2
+ (1/12) (25)1/2 (0.000 / 0.005)
= 1.3 [11 + 3.84 + 0.00 ]
= 19.29

Modification factor forflange width, b/b w > 0.3

= 0.8

Modification factor for span greater than 7 m

= 7/8' = 0.88

Modification factor for steel area provided,

= As prov / As req
= 1571 / 998
= 1.57 > 1.5

Therefore allowable span-effective depth ratio,

l/d = 19.29 x 0.80 x 0.88 x 1.57
= 21.26

Actual span-effective depth,

= 8000 / 454
= 17.62 ≤ l/d OK

Page 9 of 11
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Ref. Calculation Output
CRACKING

7.3 CRACKING
Table 7.1N Limitting crack width, w max = 0.3 mm
Steel stress,

= (500 / 1.15) x [(14.94 + (0.3 x 9.00))/ 33.67] x 1.0

2
= 228 N/mm

Table 7.3 N Max. allowable bar spacing = 250 mm

Bar spacing,
s = [b - 2c -(No. of bar xØbar)-(2Ølink)]/ (No. of bar -1)
= 225 - 2(30) - 3(20) - 2(6) / 2 s s
= 46.5 < 250 mm OK

Page 10 of 11
 Ref.

A
B

1100 4500 2400 2000

DETAILING

H6-200 H6-300 H6-150 H6-150 H6-300

x Y 2H20-3+1H20-4
2H20-3
2H25-4

2H20-2 2H20-5+1H20-6
800 3H20-1 1200 1200
Calculation

x
Y

Page 11 of 11
450

450
225 225
X -X Y -Y
Output
page 11/11