2.

71 Optics Quiz 1 Solutions Spring ‘09

1. (a) Solution: Without correction, the focus is before the retina, leading to blurred
vision:

With correction, the image forms (focused) on the retina:

1 1 1 1 1 1 50 − 45 5

+ = ⇒ = − = =
−fc + 15 50 45 −fc + 15 45 50 50 × 45 50 × 45

50 × 45

−fc + 15 = = 450 ⇒ fc = −435 (Pc ≈ −2.3D)

5
(b) Solution: Draw again the ray-tracing diagram for the object at ∞:

x x x

α1 = − =− =
fc −435 435

Draw the imaging system formed by EL above, with object = the virtual image
found by CL.

 450
Angular magnification MA = − = −9
50

9x x

⇒ α2 = −9 · α1 = − = − 1

435 48 3

From �ICA (see diagram on previous page),

x

= tan α2 = α2 (paraxial approximation)

EFL
x 1

= 1 ⇒ EFL = 48

48 3
3

(c) 1st method: Using the 2nd PP and EFL

1
xi = α · (EFL) = 48 α
3
2nd method: Using the imaging condition

 x0 = αfc = −435α
The lateral magnification of EL’s imaging system (with the virtual image formed
by CL as the object and real image formed on the retina) is given by:
50 1 1
ML = − = − ⇒ xi = ML x0 = − · (−435α)
450 9 9
435 1
= α = 48 α ⇒ Image is erect.
9 3

(d) Solution: Use the eye’s pupil as the object and flip the optical system for proper

ray-tracing.

1 1 1 15 × 435
+ = ⇒z=−
15 z −435 450
∴ virtual image created as shown

x�p z 435 87
= ML = − = =
xp 15 450 90

The myopic person’s eyes appear smaller and erect.

2. (a) Solution: First consider an on-axis point at the object plane.

a
NA =
f1
Clearly, S1 limits the angle of acceptance, so S1 is the Aperture Stop. Now
consider the chief ray from an off-axis point object.

 a2 ff12 a2
FOV = =
f1 f2
Clearly, S2 limits the chief ray if the point object elevation off-axis becomes suf­
ficiently large, so S2 is the Field Stop.
(b) Solution:

Entrance Pupil: image S1 through L1 ⇒ ∞ to the left

Exit Pupil: image S1 through L2 ⇒ ∞ to the right
Entrance Window: image S2 through L2, L1 ⇒ object plane
Exit Window: ⇒ collocated with S2

So the completely annotated system is:

(c) Solution: Numerical Aperture & Field of View

a1
From Figure 1, the angle of acceptance is NA =
f1
From Figure 2, S2 is imaged through L2, L1 onto the object plane. The lateral
magnification is found as follows:

a2
f
� ��
� a2 � f 1 a2
FOV =
�
�
=
2 =

� � (half-field)

f1 f1 f2
����
limiting angle
of the chief ray

4
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Spring 2009

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