Importance of Chemical Process Industry 45

44 Chemical Process Industries

Table 1.3. Valve symbols.
Symbol Description
of operation have one important common characteristic, the absence of Symbol Description

chemical change. This sets them apart from the fourth type, the chemical
operation. In Fig. 1.2(d) two reactants, A and B, are shown entering a
chemical reaction producing products C and D. The flow diagram will vary
with the number of reactants and products involved.
91 Atmospheric exhaust head
~

~
Blow-off valves

Varec vent valve

Silencer
~Reliefvalve
Graphic flow diagrams ~
The graphic flow diagram is used most frequently in advertising, company -i><l- Gate valve
~ Vacuum breaker
financial reports, and technical reports in which certain features of the flow
M Globe valve
diagram require extra emphasis. It should present the desired information
clearly and in an eye-catching fashion that is both novel and informative.
-te:1- Lubrotite valve .:r.-~ Atwood & Morrill straight
thru relief valve on exhaust
+Kj- Check valve
steam (& VE)

Process flow diagrams [fI Electric motor

..K(}- Stop check --{)J<}- operated valve
The process flow diagram, or PFD, is a pictorial description of the process. Plug valve
~
It gives the basic processing scheme, the basic control concept, and the ~ Air motor operated valve

process information from which equipment can be specified and designed.

---tkl- Non-lubricated plug valve

As described earlier, it provides the basis for the development of the P&I --tkr- Quick-opening valve ~ Hydraulically operated valve
diagram (P&ID) and also serves as a guide for the plant operator. The
process flow diagram usually includes:
---Jir Self-draining valve -£- Solenoid valve

-W-
(1) Material balance data (may be on separate sheets).
(2) Flow scheme equipment and interconnecting streams.
Chain operated valve
$t' Slide valve (air operated)

~ Reel valve
(3) Basic control instrumentation. ---¥- Quench valve
~ Slide valve (hydraucally
operated)
(4) Temperature and pressure at various points.
Needle or V -port valve ~ Slide valve
(5) Any other important parameters unique to each process. ~ (manually operated)

+
Data on spare and parallel equipment are often omitted. Valving is also Angle non-return valve ~ Buttert1y valve
generally omitted. A valve is shown only where its specification can aid in ~ 3-way control valve
understanding intermittent or alternate flows. Instrumentation is indicated to Angle valve
show the location of variables being controlled and the location of the ~ 4 Angle type control valve

actuating device, usually a control valve. To help the reader better Angle check valve

•
~ ~ Control valve assembly
understand the process flow sheet, a list of commonly used symbols for _ Gate va. or globe va.
valves is presented in Table 1.3.
, 4-way valve
D- Foot valve

.• CO')+- Tempering valve

Process piping and instrumentation flow diagrams 3-way valve lJ..-.
(Taco Type "A")
~
. The P&ID, which provides the basis for detailed design, offers a precise cso/csc CSO = car seal open
description of piping, instrumentation, and equipment. This key drawing -I><l- CSC = car seal closed

defines the plant system, describes equipment, and shows all instrumentation,