EYE MAKEUP

INTRODUCTION

Eye makeup too has been used for thousands of years. The accepted eye make up used by the women
of many ancient civilizations was a black coloring, kohl. Based on antimony trisulfide. In addition to
kohl, egyptians used malachine to confer a green tint, while indian women tinted their eyelids with an
antimony based material, chinese and japanese women used peruvian bark for eye makeup, and
phenonician women lengthened their eyebrows with a black paste composed of gum arabic, musk,
ebony, and powdered black insects.

Big eyes were also considered a mark of beauty and it was the practice of women of the these
ancient civilizations to make their eyes appear larger and shinier.

Modern eye preparations include mascara, eyeshadow, and eyebrow pencils. These
preparation, will now be discussed under their respective headings.

In the code or federal regulations [title 21, part 74] the use of coal tar (certified organic) colors
in preparations to be applied in the area of the eyes is restricted to those colors for which approval
for eye area use is speciliacally mentioned. The area of the eye is defined as the area bounded by the
supraorbital ridge and the soft areolar tissue that lies within the perimeter of the intraorbital ridge, “
thus defined the “prohibited area” extends from the top of the eye socket to the top of the cheekbone.

Thus, in the united state, inorganic pigments and three certified organic lakes, FD&C Blue #1,
FD&C yellow #5, and FD&C red #40, may be emloyed in eye make up compositions. D&C Green #5 dye
is also permitted, but, being soluble, is not useful in pigmented products.

Black pigments used in eye make up preparations are now restricted to black iron oxide
(Fe3O4). This is sometimes used in conjungation with ultramarine blue to impart-blue-black shades.
Red iron oxide (Fe3O4) and yellow iron oxide (FeOOH) are combined blu employed, while for green
shades chrominum oxides and for red shades, carmine, the aluminium lake of cochineal, are used.
White pigments such as titanium dioxide and bismuth oxychloride may also be sometimes included to
highten shades. Titanium dioxide and iron oxide coated mica pigments are used in pearly shades.

A wider range of pigments, including carbon black, D&C Red No. 6, and D&C Red No.7 Calcium
lake, are permitted for eye area use in the European Union and Japan. Efforts to reinstate approval
for carbon black are to date (1999) usuccessful.