Lab Exp 2 Aldehydes &

Ketones

Mahmoud Mohamed Abdel Moniem

ID 128697
Abstract

The aim of the experiment is the identification of aldehydes and ketones, knowing the function
Group (Carbonyl Group) and to learn the chemistry of aldehydes and ketones to differentiate
Between them. The experimental procedures are as follows: Testing the function group, checking
Its solubility in water, Schiff’s reagent to distinguish between aliphatic (Pink color indicator) and
aromatic (no change color), Oxidation test with Tollen’s reagent which is specific for oxidation
of aldehydes the result silver mirror is formed in test tube. Special test, Rescorinal test for
formaldehyde the result is reddish violet ring between two layers, Sodium nitroprusside test for
acetalaldehyde which results a red color, Saliycalsehyde + FeCl3 reaction which is a aromatic
aldehyde results in violet color and which shows no change in color is benzaldehyde.

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Table of Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Experimental Results .................................................................................................................................... 5
Discussion.................................................................................................................................................... 10
References .................................................................................................................................................. 11

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Introduction

2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine or known as 2,4 DNPH which is a function group for carbonyl its
structure is

Doing the reaction using brady’s reagent which is a solution of 2,4 DNPH in methanol with
Sulphuric acid results in yellow precipitate appears which shows that carbon- oxygen double
Bond in an aldehyde or ketone.
Its mechanism reaction of 2,4 DNPH with ketone:

2, 4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine (Clark, 2004)

2, 2 Dinitrophenylhydrazone

The first observation is the change of the name of hydrazine to the product which hydrazine, ine
to one. This reaction is called condensation reaction, a reaction which two molecules are joined
together with a loss of small molecule. As seen in the reaction the small molecule lost which is
water.
(Clark, 2004)

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Tollen’s reagent which was used during the oxidation test for aldehydes or ketones and resulted
Ammonical Silver nitrate or known as formation of silver mirror in aldehydes and Ketones
shows no change in color.

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Experimental Results

(Unknown 1)
Physical Characteristics:

Color : colorless

Odor: Formalin odor

Solubility in water: soluble

Chemical reactions:

Test Observation Result

2,4-DNPH Test Yellow ppt carbonyl

group

Schiff Test pink color Aliphatic

Amm. silver nitrate Test Silver mirror Ammoniacal silver

nitrate

Resorcinol Test Reddish violet ring Methanal

Sodium Nitropursside test No change in color

FeCl3 +Conc. H2SO4 Not applicable Not applicable

Unkown is Methanal write the structure:

Comment using chemical equations

.Sodium nitropursside test for aldehydes show no change in color

so resorcinol test showed a reddish violet ring which determines the sample is methanal.

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 (Unknown 2)
Physical Characteristics:

Appearance: liquid

Color : colorless

Solubility in water: soluble

Chemical reactions:

Test Observation Result

2,4-DNPH Test Yellow ppt carbonyl

group

Schiff Test pink color Aliphatic

Amm. silver nitrate Test Silver mirror Ammoniacal silver

nitrate

Resorcinol Test Not applicable Not applicable

Sodium Nitropursside test Red color Ethanal

FeCl3 +Conc. H2SO4 Not applicable Not applicable

Unkown is Ethanal write the structure

Comment using chemical equations

Oxidation test with Ammonical silver nitrate produced

a slilver mirror which an aldehyde. Sodium nitropursside test is a positive result changed its color

to red.

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 (Unknown 3)
Physical Characteristics:

Appearance: yellowish liquid

Color : yellowish

Solubility in water: insoluble

Chemical reactions:

Test Observation Result

2,4-DNPH Test Yellow ppt carbonyl

group

Schiff Test No change in color aromatic

Amm. silver nitrate Test Silver mirror Ammoniacal silver

nitrate (Aldehyde)

Resorcinol Test Not applicable Not applicable

Sodium Nitropursside test Not applicable Not applicable

FeCl3 +Conc. H2SO4 No change in color Benzyldehyde

Unkown is Benzyldehyde write the structure

Comment using chemical equations

The special test which for aromatic aldehyde FeCl3 + conc H2SO4

results in no change of color which states that it is benzyldehyde.

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 (Unknown 4)
Physical Characteristics:

Appearance: yellow liquid

Color : yellow

Solubility in water: insoluble

Chemical reactions:

Test Observation Result

2,4-DNPH Test Yellow ppt carbonyl

group

Schiff Test No change in color aromatic

Amm. silver nitrate Test Silver mirror Ammoniacal silver

nitrate (Aldehyde)

Resorcinol Test Not applicable Not applicable

Sodium Nitropursside test Not applicable Not applicable

FeCl3 +Conc. H2SO4 Changes its color to violet +ve and it is a

Saliclaldehyde

Unkown is Saliclaldehyde write the structure

Comment using chemical equations

The special test which for aromatic aldehyde FeCl3 + conc H2SO4

changed its color to violet which is a positive result and showed it is Saliclaldehyde.

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 (Unknown 5)

Physical Characteristics:

Appearance: liquid

Color: colorless

Solubility in water: soluble

Chemical reactions:

Test Observation Result

2,4-DNPH Test Yellow ppt carbonyl

group

Schiff Test pink color Aliphatic

Amm. silver nitrate Test No change in color It is a ketone

Resorcinol Test Not applicable Not applicable

Sodium Nitropursside test Red color

FeCl3 +Conc. H2SO4 Not applicable Not applicable

Unkown is Acetone write the structure

Comment using chemical equations

Oxidation test with Ammonical silver nitrate did not

produced a slilver mirror which is a ketone. Sodium nitropursside test is a positive result changed its

color to red.

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Discussion
1st unknown sample
resorcinol test showed a reddish violet ring which determines the sample is methanal.

2nd unknown sample

Sodium nitropursside test is a positive result changed its color to red which shows that the sample is

Ethanal.

3rd unknown sample

The special test which for aromatic aldehyde FeCl3 + conc H2SO4results in no change of color which

states that it is benzyldehyde.

4th unknown sample

The special test which for aromatic aldehyde FeCl3 + conc H2SO4changed its color to violet which is a

positive result and showed it is Saliclaldehyde.

5th unknown sample

Sodium nitropursside test is a positive result changed its color to red. The sample is acetone.

10
References
Clark, J. (2004). Chemguide.

Clark, J. (2004). Chemguide.

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