BIO-ENGINEERING: water

Other Inert Structures Numerous; these often need to be

Bio-engineering is the use of live plants or plant parts to control soil with Vegetation designed specifically for individual
erosion and the mass movement of land, in order to fulfill engineering added sites
functions.
Basic Principles and Techniques: Some Plants used in Bio-Engineering with their Effective Rooting
There are different methods of using vegetation to protect and stabilize Depth
slopes. The main categories are: Plant Type Examples Effective Rooting
a. Simple Planting (e.g. grass seeding; planting trees, shrubs and Depth (m)
bamboos) Small Cynodon dactylon (दु बो) 0.1
Grasses Pennisetum clandestinum
b. Structures using Vegetation (e.g. lines of grasses or of shrub
cutting, in the form of brush layering) (किकियु )
c. Composite Systems (e.g. planted jute netting or vegetated stone Large Saccharum spontaneum (ि ाँ ख) 1.0
pitching) Grasses Thysanolaena maxima
(अकिसो)
Common Bio-Engineering Techniques appropriate to Nepal and their
Contribution Cymbopogon microtheca (खर)
Large Dendrocalamus hamiltoni 1.5
Class Technique Contribution to the Slope Bamboo (चोय ब ाँ स)
Simple Grass Seeding Surface protection against erosion Bambusa nutans (मल ब ाँ स)
Planting Tree and Shrub Anchoring of the surface layers;
Seeding reinforcement
Shrubs Woodfordia fruticose (धन्येरो) 1.5
Grass Planting Surface protection against erosion Butea minor (भुजेत्रो)
Tree and Shrub Anchoring of the surface layers Trees Melia azedarach (बि इनो) 2.0
Planting Acacia catechu (खयर)
Big Bamboo Planting Support to the slope; trapping of
Alnus nepalensis (उकिस)
debris
Turfing with Grass Surface protection against erosion
Structures Lines of Grasses Protection against erosion; trapping
using of debris; channeling of runoff
Vegetation Lines of Shrub Protection against erosion; trapping
Cuttings (Brush of debris; channeling of runoff
Layering & Palisades)
Bundles of Cuttings Channeling of runoff; drainage
(Fascines)
Composite Planted Jute Netting Protection against erosion on very
steep slopes
Vegetated Rip-Rap Protection against erosion in areas
where there is a lot of running