AP HuGs Ch.

7 p1
AP Human Geography Name:_________________________
Chapter 7: Ethnicity

Key Issue #1: Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

1. Ethnicity:

2. Race:

3. Nationality:

4. What confusions can occur with these terms?

Introducing Ethnicities
1. How is ethnicity tied to place?

2. For each of the controversies stemming from ethnic diversity in the U.S., give an example of a modern
example you’ve heard of:
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3. What makes ethnicity different from language and religion?

4. U.S. ethnicity break-down à Hispanic = %, African American = %, Asian American = %

5. What terminologies are used to self-describe people from Latin America?

6. Where do most ancestors of African Americans in the U.S. come from?

7. What are the 3 main ethnicities of indigenous peoples in the U.S.?

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8. What are the 3 main ethnicities of indigenous peoples in Canada?
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•

Ethnicity & Race

9. What factor do geographers find of interest in relation to race? Why?

10. What challenges do Hispanics and African Americans face when filling out the U.S. census?
 AP HuGs Ch.7 p2
Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities
11. Where are each of the following groups clustered:
Ethnicity Clustered Where? Why?
Hispanic

African American

Asian American

Native American

12. Where has a low concentration of all 4 ethnicities? Why do you think that is?

Ethnic Enclaves
13. Ethnic enclave:

14. What are aspects of ethnicity that may impact a physical place? Why are ethnic enclaves created?

15. What ethnic groups live in London, England?

16. What ethnic groups have clustered and where in Chicago?

17. Where were most ethnicities in U.S. cities from in the early 20th century? Why?

18. What happened in the late 20th century to these ethnic enclaves?

Ethnically Complex Brazil

19. Where are different ancestors in Brazil from? How does Brazil classify its people on the census?

20. What are 3 major differences between the official 2010 census results & the self-identification survey in
Brazil?
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21. Describe each region and its corresponding cluster of races:
• South • Northeast

• North • West-central

** Describe the difference between race & ethnicity. Why is this complicated in the U.S.? **
 AP HuGs Ch.7 p3
Key Issue #2: Why Do Ethnicities Have Distinctive Distributions?
International Migration of Ethnicities
1. When were the first Africans brought to the U.S.? When was it banned?

2. Where did the British & Portuguese ship slaves to?

3. Where did most slaves come from? Why?

4. Triangle Slave Trade:

5. When did views on slavery change in the U.S.?

6. When did immigration laws change in the U.S.? What impact did this have on Hispanic and Asian
families?

Internal Migration of African Americans

7. Define the following à interregional migration & intraregional migration

8. What were the 2 internal migration patterns of African Americans?

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9. Look at Figure 7-23, describe the four channels of migration:
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• •
10. Sharecropper:

• When did sharecropping become less common? Why?

11. When were the 2 different Great Migrations of African Americans?

12. Describe the expansion of the ghettos & life in the ghettos.

13. “white flight”:

• How does Detroit exemplify white flight?

14. Blockbusting:

15. What did the Kerner Commission write in 1968?

 AP HuGs Ch.7 p4
Segregation by Race
16. What has been the distinctive feature of ethnic relations in the U.S. and South Africa?

17. Plessy v. Ferguson

18. Jim Crow Laws:

19. Brown v. Board:

20. Explain how segregation has changed over time in the U.S. (use specifics):

21. How did the South African government ensure geographic separation and isolation?

22. Apartheid:

• How was apartheid created and maintained?

• When was apartheid repealed?

** Why do ethnic groups tend to cluster in certain areas of cities? **

Key Issue #3: Why Might Ethnicities Face Conflicts?

Ethnicities & Nationalities
1. Nationality:

2. How in the U.S. are nationality and ethnicity generally distinct?

3. How are the Québécois controversial and complicated?

 AP HuGs Ch.7 p5
4. Fill in the following chart of information about ethnicity & nationality of the U.K.
Two islands:

Two countries:

U.K.’s 4 parts:
• How do all these various aspects impact culture in the U.K.?

• How does the U.K.’s government deal with its various parts?

5. Nationalism:

• How is it supported and promoted?

6. What is centripetal v. centrifugal?

Dividing Ethnicities
7. What happened to South Asia when the British gave up their colonial rule?

• Why was this the decision?

• Why was that problematic? What did this lead to?

• What role does Hinduism play for India?

8. Explain the “line of control” between Pakistan and India, why it is complex, and how religion & ethnicity
play a role in this area.

9. Who are the Kurds?

10. In the 1920s, what happened to Kurdistan? Now, where do Kurds live?

• How does Turkish nationalism relate to Kurdish culture? Be specific.

• What has happened to the Kurds in Iraq? How has it changed over time?

** Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality. **
 AP HuGs Ch.7 p6
Ethnic Diversity in Asia
11. Describe 3 aspects of Figure 7-37:
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12. What ethnicities are there in Turkey?

13. How is Lebanon divided up & where do they live? How does this impact their government?

14. What makes Syria’s ethnic composition complicated? Why is there civil war?

15. Why did the U.S. get involved in Iraq according to the book? How does this relate to the various
ethnicities there?

16. Describe the ethnicities of Iran. What happened in 1979 in Iran?

17. What are the most numerous ethnicities in Afghanistan? How have they competed and how did that lead
to conflict in the area?

18. What are the various ethnicities of Pakistan? What branches of religion do they practice?

** How have the ethnic complexities in the Southwest & Central Asia made it difficult to create stable governments? **