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1. 2 causes of 1. Renal failure, 2. Addison's 16. Absence of NADPH in Chronic Catalase positive Staph
hyperkalemia disease Granulomatousis prevents Aureus
oxidative burst, and prevents
2. 2 effects of LTB4 1. Neutrophil chemotaxis, 2.
immune cells from killing
Neutrophil adhesion
17. Absence seizures (Tx) Ethosuxamide
3. 2 essential fatty acids Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid
18. Absetn DNA repair enzymes -> Xeroderma Pigmentosa
4. 2 inhibitors of F2,6bP, AMP
inc UVB-related skin cancers
gluconeogenesis
19. ___ accumulation causes Sorbitol
5. 2 inhibitors of glycolysis ATP, citrate
cataracts, neuropathy,
6. 2 stimulators of AMP, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate retinopathy in DM
glycolysis
20. Achilles tendon xanthoma Familial
7. 3 causes of hypokalemia 1. Diuretics (thiazides, loops), 2. hypercholesterolemia (.l.
Vomiting/Diarrhea, 3. LDL receptor signaling)
Aldosterone excess
21. Acid fact diarrhea in an AIDs Cryptosporidium
8. 3 effects of TXA2 1. Platelet aggregation, 2. patient is due to
Vasoconstriction, 3.
22. Acidosis: K+ moves into ___ serum (hyperkalemia)
Bronchoconstriction
23. Acrodermatitis enteropathica: Zinc
9. 3 NTs derived from Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
autosomal recessive ___
tyrosine Dopamine
deficiency
10. 17-hydroxycorticoids in Decreased levels of 17, and 21-
24. Actinic (solar) keratosis Precursor to squamous
the urine indicates hydroxylase
cell carcinoma
Increased levels of 11-
hydroxylase 25. Activated charcoal in Aspirin Make urine bsic and
overdose is to absorb the acidic aspirin
11. 17-ketosteroids in the Decreased levels of 17-
urine indicates hydroxylase 26. ___ activates glycogen Glucagon
Increased levels of 11, and 21 phosphorylase
hydroxylase
27. ___ activates glycogen synthase Insulin
12. AAT (alpha-1 antitripsin) Hepatocellular carcinoma
28. Acute gastric ulcer associated Cushing's ulcer
is an enzyme of which Yolk sac tumor
with CNS injury (increased ICP
tumors Endodermal sinus tumor
stimulates vagal gastric
13. Abdominal pain, ascites, Budd-Chiari syndrome secretion)
hepatomegaly (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
29. Acute gastric ulcer associated Curling's ulcer (greatly
14. Ability of test to identify Specificity with severe burns reduced plasma volume
negative results (can tell when something is not results in sloughing of
there) gastric mucosa)
15. Ability of test to identify Sensitivity 30. Acute gout attack (Tx) NSAIDs, colchicine
positive results (can tell something is there)
31. Acute inflammation appears on Monoclonal
serum protein electrophoresis as immunoglobulins
(monoclonal
gammopathy normally
of undetermined
significance)
32. Acute myocardial 45. AFP (alpha feto protein) is a Hepatocellular carcinoma
infarction gene product (oncofetal Germ cell tumors
commonly results antigen) of which tumors Yolk sac tumors
in what form of Testicular/ovarian tumors
necrosis Endodermal sinus tumors
46. Age dependent changes in Inc Carbohydrate intolerance
endocrine (via less insulin receptors from
increased adipose tissue)
47. Age dependent changes in Dec GFR (as much as 40%)
Coagulation Necrosis renal function Dec creatinine clearance
33. Acute All-trans retinoic acid 48. Age dependent changes in Cataracts
promyelocytic the CNS and special senses Prebycusis (inner ear degen)
leukemia (M3) (tx) Otosclerosis (conduct hear
34. ___(AD) defect in Hereditary spherocytosis (AD) loss)
spectrin, produce Decreased smell and taste
hemolysis Arcus senilis (grey/blue/white
ring around margin of the
35. ___(AD) defect in Gilbert's Disease (AD) cornea)
uptake and
conjugation of 49. Age dependent changes in Loss of elasticity in Aorta
bilirubin the CVS

36. ___(AD) deficient Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia 50. Age dependent changes in Inc CD4 T-cells
in ApoE ("Remnant Disease" due to chylomicron the immune system Inc autoantibody synth
and IDL remnants unable to be Dec CD8 T-cells
metabolized by liver) Dec cellular immunity

37. ___(AD) deficient Familial hypercholesterolemia 51. Age dependent changes in Inc elasticity
in LDL receptors the integument Inc body fat
Inc ecchymoses (vessel
38. ___(AD) deficient Porphyria cutanea tarda instability)
in Dec collagen cross bridging
uroporphyrinogen Dec skin turgor (tenting of
decarboxylase skin on pinch)
39. ___(AD) deficient Acute intermittent porphyria 52. Age dependent changes in Osteoarthritis
in the musculoskeletal system
uroporphyrinogen
I synthase 53. Age dependent changes in Breast, vulvo vaginal atrophy
the reproductive system Dec estrogens and inc
40. ADHD (tx) Methylphenidate, amphetamines gonadotropins
41. ___(AD) increased Familial hypertriglyceridemia (most Testicular atrophy
synthesis of VLDL common hyperlipoproteinemia) Dec testosterone
Prostate hyperplasia
42. Adrenal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
hemorrhage, (meningococcemia) 54. Age dependent changes in Findings similar to obstructive
hypotension, DIC the respiratory system lung disease:
Dec elasticity (senile
43. Adult presenting Aspirin overdose
emphysema)
with mixed
Dec FEV1
metabolic acidosis (same treatment as child, lavage and
Dec PaO2
and respiratory charcoal)
Inc FRCapacity
alkylosis
55. Age related changes in Type2 diabetes
44. Aflatoxin B is a HBV
endocrine
carcinogen that
can cause
Hepatocellular
carcinoma and
originates from
56. Age related changes in Inc incidence of 72. Alport's Syndrome: defective type ___ IV
immune system monoclonal gammopathy collagen
Inc incidence of multiple
73. ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) Glutamate +
myeloma
catalyzes what reaction Pyruvate
Inc susceptibility to
to
influenza
Alpha-ketoglutarate
57. Age related changes in renal Inc renal adenocarcinoma + Alanine
function Renovascular HTN 2ry to
74. ALT converts ___ to ___ ALT converts alanine
atherosclerosis
to pyruvate
58. Age related changes in the Dementias
75. Alternating areas of transmural Skip lesions (Crohn's
CNS and special senses Cerebral atrophy
inflammation and normal colon disease)
TIAs
Parkinsonism 76. Amino acids are classified as ___ if Ketogenic
Subdural hematoma they are degraded to acetyl CoA
Stroke 77. Amino acids are classified as ___ if Glucogenic
59. Age related changes in the Atherosclerosis they are degraded to pyruvate or
CVS IHD TCA intermediates
Temporal arteritis 78. ___ and ___ enhance Na/K-ATPase; >> Albuterol, Insulin
Aortic stenosis hypokalemia
60. Age related changes in the Inc skin cancer 79. ___ and ___ inhibit Na/K-ATPase; >> B-Blockers,
integument Inc basal cell carcinoma hyperkalemia Succinylcholine
Inc squamous cell
80. ___ and ___ require a carrier protein to Charged molecules
carcinoma
cross membrane and ions
Inc seborrhic keratosis
81. Aneurysm, dissecting Hypertension
61. Age related changes in the Osteoporosis
musculoskeletal system Fractures 82. Angiotensin II: G_ >> ___ (protein) >> angiotensin II: Gq >>
RA ___ (second messenger) phospholipase C >>
Paget's disease IP3 + DAG

62. Age related changes in the Inc cancer of female sexual 83. Anorexia nervosa normally leads to ventricular arrhyth
reproductive system organs death in a patient due to
Inc cancer of male secual 84. Anorexia (tx) SSRIs
organs
85. Anticentromere antibodies Scleroderma
63. Age related changes in the Cancer (CREST)
respiratory system Pneumonia
64. Alanine Cycle: liver conversion of alanine to
conversion of ___ to ___ glucose
65. Alcohol abuse (tx) AA + disulfiram for patient
of Al-Anon for family
66. Alcoholic hepatitis: ___ > ___ AST > ALT
(LFTs)
67. Alcohol withdrawal (tx) Benzodiazepines
68. Alkalosis: K+ moves into ___ cells (hypokalemia)
69. Alkalotic states ___ ionized decreases ionized calcium
calcium levels levels, causes tetany
70. alpha1 receptors: G_ >> ___ alpha1: Gq >>
(protein) >> ___ (second phospholipase C >> IP3 +
messenger) DAG
71. alpha2 receptors: G_ >> ___ alpha2: Gi >> inhibits
(protein) >> ___ (second adenylyl cyclase >>
messenger) decreases cAMP
86. Anticentromere 94. Antihistone Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine,
antibodies antibodies isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide,
sulfasalazine)
95. Anti-IgG Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic
antibodies inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere
deformity)
96. Anti-lgG Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic
antibodies inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere
deformity)
97. Antimitochondrial Primary biliary cirrhosis (female,
Scleroderma (CREST) antibodies (AMAs) cholestasis, portal hypertension)
87. Anticoagulant Warfarin 98. Antineutrophil
drug that would cytoplasmic
be increased in (inhibits VitK dependent clotting factors) antibodies
efficacy by a (ANCAs)
toxicity of VitE
88. Anticoagulation Heparin
during pregnancy
(tx)
89. Antidesmoglein
(epithelial) Vasculitis:
antibodies c-ANCA: Wegener's
p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis,
Churg-Strauss syndrome
99. Antineutrophil Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-
cytoplasmic ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-
antibodies Strauss syndrome)
(ANCAs)
100. Antinuclear SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) antibodies (ANAs:
90. Antidesmoglein Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) anti-Smith and
(epithelial) anti-dsDNA)
antibodies 101. Antinuclear SLE (type Ill hypersensitivity)
91. Anti-glomerular antibodies (ANAs:
basement anti-Smith and
membrane anti-dsDNA)
antibodies 102. Antiplatelet Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
antibodies (ITP)

Goodpasture's syndrome
(glomerulonehpritis and hemoptysis)
92. Anti-glomerular Goodpasture's syndrome
basement (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
membrane
antibodies
93. Antihistone Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine,
antibodies isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
103. Antiplatelet 114. "Apple core" lesion on
antibodies abdominal x-ray

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

115. Apple core lesion on Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
abdominal x-ray
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic
116. Arachnodactyly, lens Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
purpura (ITP)
dislocation, aort· c
104. Anti-topoisomerase Diffuse systemic scleroderma dissection,
antibodies hyperflexible joints
105. Anti- Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, 117. ___(AR/AD) deficient Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
transglutaminase/anti- weight loss) partially/totally in
gliadin/anti- UGT (uridine
endomysial antibodies glucuronyltransferase)
106. Anti- Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, 118. ___(AR) deficient in a- Pompe's
transglutamniase/anti- weight loss) 1,4-glucosidase
gliadin/anti-
119. ___(AR) deficient in Abetalipoproteinemia
endomysial antibodies
ApoB lipoproteins
107. Aortic aneurysm, Atherosclerosis
120. ___(AR) deficient in Metachromatic luekodystrophy (AR)
abdominal and
arylsulfatase A
descending aorta
121. ___(AR) deficient in B- Krabbe's Disease (AR)
108. Aortic aneurysm, Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic
galactosidase
ascending medial degeneration)
122. ___(AR) deficient in B- Gaucher's Disease (AR)
109. Apo___: activates ApoC-II
glucosidase
capillary lipoprotein
lipase 123. ___(AR) deficient in Malignant PKU
BH2 reductase
110. Apo___: activates ApoA-1
LCAT, structural 124. ___(AR) deficient in Maple Syrup Urine Disease
protein for HDL branched-chain a-
ketoacid
111. Apo___: important in ApoB-48
dehydrogenase
formation of
chylomicrons and 125. ___(AR) deficient in Andersen's
secretion into branching enzyme
lymphatics 126. ___(AR) deficient in Homocystinuria
112. Apo___: mediates ApoE cystathionine
uptake of chylomicron synthase
remnants and IDL 127. ___(AR) deficient in Cori's
remnants debranching enzyme
113. Apo___: the only ApoB-100 128. ___(AR) deficient in Von Gierke's
structural protein in glucose-6-
LDL phosphatase
129. ___(AR) deficient in Tay-Sachs Disease (AR)
hexosaminidase A
130. ___(AR) deficient in Alkaptonuria 145. Azurophilic
homogentisate oxidase granular needles
in leukemic blasts
131. ___(AR) deficient in McArdle's
muscle glycogen
phosphorylase
132. ___(AR) deficient in PKU
phenylalanine
hydroxylase
133. ___(AR) deficient in Niemann-Pick Disease (AR) Auer rods (acute myelogenous
sphingomyelinase leukemia, especially the promyelocytic
134. ___(AR) deficient in Albinism [M3] type)
tyrosinase 146. B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up
135. ___(AR) inability to Familial lipoprotein lipase (tx) cause with Schilling test)
hydrolyze deficiency 147. Babies should Babies sleeping prone will end up
chylomicrons, sleep in supine rebrething their own CO2 because they
deficient in ApoC-II position to avoid do not have mature central
136. Arrhythmia in Class 1B antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, SIDs b/c chemoreceptors that will wake them up
damaged cardiac mexiletine, tocainide) from respiratory acidosis
tissue (tx) 148. A baby has Epispadias
137. AST (Aspartate Aspartate + Alpha-ketoglutarate bladder
Aminotransferase) to exstrophy..what
catalyzes what Oxaloacetate + Glutamate condition is most
reaction associated?

138. AST converts ___ to ___ AST converts aspartate to 149. Bacitracin Sensitive: Streptocococcus pyogenes
oxaloacetate response (group A)
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae
139. Athlete with Erythropoietin injection
(group B)
polycythemia .
150. Bacitracin Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes
140. Atrophy of muscle in a Lack of muscle stimulation
response (group A); resistant: Streptococcus
cast is due to
agalactiae (group B)
141. Atrophy of the Wernicke's encephalopathy
151. Back pain, fever, Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
mammillary bodies (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia,
night sweats,
ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
weight loss
142. Attributable risk [a/(a+b)]-[c/(c+d)]
152. Bacteria H. pylori
143. Autosplenectomy Sickle cell anemia (HbS) associated with
(fibrosis and shrinkage) gastritis, peptic
144. Azurophilic granular Auer rods (acute myelogenous ulcer disease,
needles in leukemic leukemia, especially the and stomach
blasts promyelocytic [M3] type) cancer
153. Bacterial Neisseria meningitidis
meningitis (adults
and elderly)
154. Bacterial Group B streptococcus (newborns)
meningitis S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis
(newborns and (kids)
kids)
155. Bamboo spine on Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic
x-ray inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
156. "Bamboo spine" 167. Beta-carotinemia, due to dec Primary
on x-ray conversion of bet-carotine into hypothyroidism
retinoic acid in the intestines will Yellow skinned patient
manifest as
168. Beta-hCG is a hormone that is a Trophoblastic tumor
product of which tumors Germ cell tumors of
ovary/testis
Germ cell tumors of
placenta
Benign and invasive
Hydatidiform moles
Malignant
choriocarcinoma
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic
169. Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis Sarcoidosis
inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
(noncaseating
157. Bardet-Biedl Defective cellular cilia granulomas)
syndrome is due
170. Binding of different ligand alters Heterotropic
to
binding of substrate to active site
158. Basophilic Howell-Jolly bodies (due to adjacent subunits = ___ effect
nuclear remnants splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
171. Binding of substrate to one subunit Homotropic
in RBCs
increases binding to other subunits
159. Basophilic Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia = ___ effect
stippling of RBCs
172. A biopsy of a thyroid nodule Medullary carcinoma-
160. because PSA is Indication of tumor burden after showed malignant cells in an MALIGNANT CELLS
sensitive but not Prostate adenocarcinoma has been amyloid stroma. The patient also IN AN AMYLOID
specific, it is exstablished had hypocalcemia. What is the STROMA is super
better for what disease? important
161. Benign Spitz nevus (most common in first two 173. Bipolar disorder (tx) Lithium, valproate,
melanocytic decades) carbamazepine,
nevus lamotrigene (mood
162. Benign prostatic Tamsulosin (-osin suffix drugs), stabilizers)
hyperplasia (tx) finasteride 174. Black widow bite may be treated Calcium gluconate
163. Beta1 receptors: Beta1: Gs >> adenylyl cyclase >>increases with (muscle relaxant)
G_ >> ___ (protein) cAMP 175. Black widow bites treated with Tetanus shot
>> ___ (second calcium gluconate should also be
messenger) treated with prophylactic
164. Beta2- Multiple myeloma (good prognosis) 176. Bleeding disorder with GpIb Bernard-Soulier
microglobulin is a deficiency disease (defect in
protein product platelet adhesion to
of which tumors von Willebrand's
165. Beta2- Bence Jones Proteins factor)
microglobulin is 177. Blocking of Phospholipase A2 by Prostaglandins
often seen in the corticosteroids results in Leukotrienes
urine, and is also decreased
called
178. Bloddy tap on LP Subarachnoid
166. Beta2 receptors: Beta2: Gs >> adenylyl cyclase hemorrhage
G_ >> ___ (protein) >>increases cAMP
179. Bloody tap on LP Subarachnoid
>> ___ (second
hemorrhage
messenger)
180. Blue sclera Osteogenesis
imperfecta (collagen
defect)
181. Bluish line on Burton's line (lead poisoning) 191. Branching gram- Actinomyces israelii
gingiva positive rods with
sulfur granules
182. Bombesin is a Small cell carcinomas of the lung
peptide marker Neuroblastoma 192. BRCA1 mutation Serous carcinoma of the ovary and
often seen in carriers have an fallopian tube
what tumors increased risk for
what cancer
183. Bone pain, bone Paget's disease of bone (1' osteoblastic
specifically?
enlargement, and osteoclastic activity)
arthritis 193. Breast cancer Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the
United States, 1 in 9 women will develop
184. "Boot-shaped"
breast cancer)
heart on x-ray
194. Breast cancer in Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
postmenopausal
woman (tx)
195. Breast mass 1. Fibrocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in post menopausal
women)
196. Breast tumor Fibroadenoma
(benign)
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
197. Bronchogenic Pancoast tumor (can compress
185. Boot-shaped Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH apical lung tumor sympathetic ganglion and cause
heart on x-ray Horner's syndrome)
186. Bounding pulses, Aortic regurgitation 198. Brown tumor of Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes
diastolic heart bone brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
murmur, head 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa
bobbing cystica
187. Boy has Klinefelter syndrome 199. "Brown" tumor of
hypogonadism, bone
develops with
mental
retardation, and
has unilateral
gynecomastia
188. Brain tumor Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes
(adults) (including glioblastoma multiforme) > brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
meningioma > schwannoma 1. Hyperparathyroidism
189. Brain tumor (kids) Infratentorial: medulloblastoma 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
(cerebellum) or 200. Buerger's disease Smoking cessation
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (tx)
(cerebrum)
201. Bulimia (TX) SSRIs
190. Branching gram-
202. Butterfly facial Systemic lupus erythematosus
positive rods with
rash and
sulfur granules
Raynaud's
phenomenon in a
young female
203. CA 15-3 Breast cancer
glycoprotein is a
marker of which
Actinomyces israelii
cancer
204. CA 19-9 glycoprotein Pancreatic cancer 218. Cardiac tumor 1. Metastasis
is a marker of which (adults) 2. Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right
cancer atrium; "ball and valve")
205. CA 125 glycoprotein is Surface derived ovarian cancer 219. Cardiomegaly with Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
a marker of which apical atrophy
cancer
220. Cardiomegaly with
206. "CADET, face Right" Increased -> right shift apical atrophy

C O2
A cid
D PG
E xercise
T emp
207. Cafe-au-lait spots, Neurofibromatosis type I (+
Lisch nodules (iris pheochromocytoma, optic
hamartoma) gliomas) Neurofibromatosis type II
(+ bilateral acoustic neuromas)
208. Cafe-au-lait spots, McCune-Albright syndrome
polyostotic fibrous (mosaic G-protein signaling Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
dysplasia, precocious mutation) 221. Carnitine long-chain free fatty acids
puberty deficiency: inability
209. Calf Muscular dystrophy (most to metabolize ___
pseudohypertrophy commonly Duchenne's) : X-linked 222. Catecholamine Baroreceptors
recessive deletion of dystrophin stimulation during
gene hemorrhage occurs
210. Candida albicans (TX) Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin via
(oral thrush, esophagitis) 223. Catecholamine Sinus tachy
211. ___ cannot exit the OAA stimulation during Inc contractility
mitochondria and hemorrhage results Inc periph resistance
must be converted in JG apparatus stimulation
into malate Venoconstriction

212. Carbon Monoxide and Cytochrome Oxidase 224. Causes of Vinyl chloride (PVC)
Cyanide will inhibit Angiosarcoma in Arsenic (wood fixative)
which enzyme the liver

213. Carcinoid Syndrome Serotonin from tryptophan 225. CD15 + CD30 = Hodgkin's Lymphoma
produces facial what disease?
flushing due to 226. CEA is an oncofetal Colorectal
synthesis of ___ from antigen gene Pancreatic
___ product of which Breast
214. Carcinoid syndrome Octreotide cancers Small cell of lung
(tx) 227. Cellular crescents Rapidly progressive crescentic
215. Cardiac manifestation Libman-Sacks endocarditis in Bowman's glomerulonephritis
of lupus (nonbacterial, affecting both sides capsule
of mitral valve)
216. Cardiac output CO = stroke volume * heart rate
CO = Rate of O2
consumption/(arterial O2 content -
venous O2 content)
217. Cardiac primary tumor Rhabdomyoma, often seen in
(kids) tuberous sclerosis
228. Cellular 238. Child uses arms Gowers' sign (Duchenne muscular
crescents in to stand up from dystrophy)
Bowman's squat
capsule
239. Child with fever Slapped cheeks (erythema
develops red infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
rash on face that
spreads to body
240. Child with Prader Willi Syndrome
hypogonadism,
mental
Rapidly progressive crescentic
retardation, short
glomerulonephritis
stature and
229. Cerebellar Chiari malformation (often presents with obesity
tonsillar progressive hydrocephalus or
241. Child with Aspirin overdose
herniation syringomyelia)
increased anion
230. Cerebrosides myelin sheath gap acidosis,
found in ___ receives gastric
231. Cherry Red Tay Sachs Disease lavage, and
Macula activated
charcoal
232. Cherry-red spot Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or
on macula Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin 242. Chlamydia Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for
accumulation), central retinal artery trachomatis (tx) gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin
occlusion eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

233. Chest pain on Angina (stable: moderate exertion; 243. Chlorpromazine D2 receptors (antipsychotic)
exertion unstable: minimal exertion) blocks ___
receptors
234. Chest pain, Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-
pericardial mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 244. "Chocolate cyst"
effusion/friction 1-12 weeks after acute episode) of ovary
rub, persistent
fever following
MI
235. Child has Kallman sundrome
hypogonadism,
has zero GnRH,
anosmia (can't
Endometriosis (frequently involves both
smell) and is
ovaries)
color blind
245. Chocolate cyst of Endometriosis (frequently involves both
236. Child has Bardet-Biedl syndrome
ovary ovaries)
hypogonadism,
mental 246. Cholera toxin activates Gs by ADP-ribosylation
retardation, and permanently
retinitis alters G_ by ___ >>
pigmentosa secretory
diarrhea
237. Child has Noonan syndrome
hypogonadism, 247. Chorea, Huntington's disease (autosomal-
mental dementia, dominant CAG repeat expansion)
retardation, short caudate
stature, pectus degeneration
excavatum and 248. Chronic Atrial fibrillation (associated with high
webbed neck arrhythmia risk of embol
249. Chronic atrophic Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can 262. Classic coenzyme in Folate
gastritis also cause pernicious anemia) single-carbon transfer
(autoimmune)
263. Classic coenzyme in Pyridoxine
250. Chronic exercise McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen transamination
intolerance with phosphorylase deficiency)
264. Clearance CL = (rate of elimination of drug) /
myalgia, fatigue,
(plasma drug concentration)
painful cramps,
myoglobinuria 265. Clear cell DES exposure in utero
adenocarcinoma of
251. Chronic gout (tx) Probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol
the vagina
(overproducer)
266. Clear cell carcinoma Vaginal adenosis
252. Chronic hepatits IFN-alpha
of the vagina is seen
(tx)
in the early form as
253. Chronic Polyclonal immunoglobulins
267. Clostridium botulinum Antitoxin
inflammation (polyclonal gammopathy)
(tx)
appears on
serum protein 268. Clostridium difficile Oral metronidazole; if refractory,
electrophoresis (tx) oral vancomycin
as 269. Clostridium tetani (tx) Antitoxin + vaccine booster +
254. Chronic Imatinib diazepam
myelogenous 270. Cofactor for ALA Pyridoxine (B6)
leukemia (tx) synthase
255. Chylomicrons Diet-derived TGs 271. Cofactor for DA ==> Ascorbic Acid (Vit C)
contain mostly NE conversion
___
272. Cofactor for glycogen Pyridoxine (B6)
256. Circular grouping Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, phosphorylase
of dark tumor medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
273. Cofactor for oxidative Thiamine (B1)
cells surrounding
decarboxylation and
pale neurofibrils
transketolase
257. Circular grouping
274. Cofactor for Pyridoxine (B6)
of dark tumor
transaminase
cells surrounding
pale neurofibrils 275. Cold intolerance Hypothyroidism
276. Colonies of mucoid Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to
Pseudomonas in lungs CFTR resulting in fat-soluble
vitamin deficiency and mucous
plugs)

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, 277. Colostrum is vitamin Vitamin D

medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) rich, but is absent of
which vitamin
258. Cirrhosis: serum serum ammonia increased, serum BUN
ammonia ___, decreased 278. Common cause of iron Nutritional, Meckel's diverticulum
serum BUN ___ deficiency in children

259. Classic Biotin 279. Common cause of iron Peptic ulcer

coenzyme in deficiency in men
carboxylation 280. Common cause of iron Menorrhagia
260. Classic Thiamine deficiency in women
coenzyme in 281. Compression fracture Osteoporosis (type I:
decarboxylation postmenopausal woman; type II:
261. Classic Niacin elderly man or woman)
coenzyme in 282. Congenital adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency
redox reactions hyperplasia
283. Congenital adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency 300. CPS I is located in ___ for CPS I is located in mitochondria
hyperplasia, hypotension ___ for urea cycle
284. Congenital cardiac VSD 301. Cretinism Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
anomaly
302. Crohn's disease (tx) Corticosteroids, infliximab
285. Congenital conjugated Dubin-Johnson syndrome
303. Cryptococcus Fluconazole (prophylaxis in
hyperbilirubinemia (black (inability of hepatocytes to
neoformans (tx) AIDS patients)
liver) secrete conjugated bilirubin
into bile) 304. Cushing's syndrome 1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by
286. Congenital 11, 17 or 21-hydroxylase
pituitary
hypocortisolism deficiency
3. Small cell lung carcinoma
287. Congenitally increased Increased 11, 17 or 21-
305. Cutaneous/dermal Myxedema (caused by
plasma ACTH hydroxylase
edema due to connective hypothyroidism, Graves' disease
288. Conjugate lateral gaze Internuclear ophthalmoplegia tissue deposition I periorbital!)
palsy, horizontal diplopia (damage to MLF; bilateral
306. Cyanosis (early; less Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition
[multiple sclerosis], unilateral
common) of great vessels, truncus
[stroke))
arteriosus
289. Constrictive pericarditis Tuberculosis (developing
307. Cyanosis (late; more VSD, ASD, PDA
world)
common)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
(developed world) 308. Cyclophosphamide- Mesna
induced hemorrhagic
290. Continuous "machinery" PDA (close with indomethacin;
cystitis (Tx)
heart murmur open with misoprostol)
309. Cystic fibrosis (tx) N-acetylcysteine +
291. The conversion of Biotin
antipseudomonal prophylaxis
Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate
(tobramycin/azithromycin)
relies on what cofactor (Carboxylase reaction)
310. Cytochrome Oxidase in Facilitates the Hydrogen
292. ___ converts Cobalamin (B12)
the ETC has what electrochemical potential
homocysteine to
function needed to run ATP synthase
methionine in odd-chain
fatty acid metabolism 311. Cytomegalovirus (tx) Ganciclovir

293. Converts TGs into 2- Pancreatic lipase 312. D1 receptors: G_ >> ___ D1: Gs >> adenylyl cyclase
monoacylglycerol and (protein) >> ___ (second >>increases cAMP
free fatty acids messenger)

294. Copper-transport plasma Ceruloplasmin 313. D2 receptors: G_ >> ___ D2: Gi >> inhibits adenylyl
protein (protein) >> ___ (second cyclase >> decreases cAMP
messenger)
295. Cori Cycle: liver conversion of lactate to
conversion of ___ to ___ glucose 314. DAG activates ___ Protein kinase C

296. Coronary artery involved
in thrombosis
297. Corticosteroids reduce
arachidonic acid release
from membranes by ___
298. Cows milk vs. breast milk
299. CPS II is located in ___ for
___
LAD > RCA > LCA 315. Damage to the enamel in Purging disorders
a woman's teeth indicates Metabolic alkalosis (-> vomiting)
Boerhave's syndrome (rupture
inactivating phospholipase A2
of esophageal wall)
316. Dark purple skin/mouth Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS
nodules patients [gay men]: associated
Cow = more vitamin K, more
with HHV-8)
vitamin B12, more Iron, less
ascorbic acid 317. Death in CML Blast crisis
318. Death in SLE Lupus nephropathy
(Chief benefit of breast milk is
319. Decreased a-fetoprotein Down syndrome or other
better absorption)
in amniotic chromosomal abnormality
CPS II is located in cytosol for fluid/maternal serum
nucleotide synthesis
320. Decreased affinity of Hb for O2 as Bohr 341. ___ deficiency: hypocalcemia, Magnesium
pH drops = ___ effect tetany, tachycardia
321. Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in Down syndrome or 342. ___ deficiency: increased Cobalamin (B12)
amniotic fluid/maternal serum other chromosomal homocysteine, increased
abnormality urinary methylmalonic acid
322. Decreased caloric intake results in Marasmus 343. ___ deficiency: lactic acidosis, Pyruvate dehydrogenase
loss of muscle mass during decreased acetyl CoA, early deficiency
death
323. Decreased Leukotrienes due to Dec Leukocyte
blocking phospholipase A2 with adhesion 344. ___ deficiency: macrocytic Cobalamin (B12)
corticosteroids results in Dec Lymphocytes anemia, methylmalonic
Dec Eosinophils acidemia
Inc Neutrophil
345. ___ deficiency: mental status Sodium
324. Decreased levels of Vitamin K Inc incidences of changes, convulsion, cerebral
dependent factors due to VitE hemorrhagic stroke edema
toxicity results in
346. ___ deficiency: microcytic Copper
325. Deep, labored Kussmaul breathing anemia, dissecting aortic
breathing/hyperventilation (diabetic aneurysms, poor wound
ketoacidosis) healing
326. ___ deficiency: bleeding diathesis, Vitamin K 347. ___ deficiency: muscle Potassium
ecchymoses weakness, polyuria, U waves
327. ___ deficiency: decreased reduced G6PD 348. ___ deficiency: muscle Phosphate
glutathione, hemolytic anemia from weakness, rhabdomyolysis,
oxidizing drugs hemolytic anemia
328. ___ deficiency: dental caries Fluoride 349. ___ deficiency: night Vitamin A (retinol)
blindness, poor wound
329. ___ deficiency: dermatitis, alopecia, Biotin
healing, follicular
glossitis, lactic acidosis
hyperkeratosis
330. ___ deficiency: dermatitis, slow Essential fatty acid
350. ___ deficiency: poor wound Zinc
healing, hair loss deficiency
healing, loss of taste and
331. ___ deficiency: diarrhea, dermatitis, Niacin (B3) def = smell
dementia Pellagra
351. ___ deficiency: sideroblastic Pyridoxine (B6)
332. ___ deficiency due to alcoholism and Pyridoxine (B6) anemia, peripheral
INH neuropathy, convulsions
333. ___ deficiency due to alcoholism and Thiamine (B1) 352. ___ deficiency: tetany, Calcium
undernourishment osteoporosis
334. ___ deficiency due to Hartnup's Niacin (B3) 353. Degeneration of dorsal Tabes dorsalis (tertiary
disease, carcinoid syndrome column nerves syphilis)
335. ___ deficiency due to lack of dairy Riboflavin (B2) 354. Degradation product of HVA
products or general malnourishment dopamine
336. ___ deficiency due to pernicious Cobalamin (B12) 355. Degradation product of VMA
anemia, chronic pancreatitis, vegan epinephrine, norepinephrine
diet
356. Dementia 1. Alzheimer's disease
337. ___ deficiency due to TPN Copper, Chromium, 2. Multiple infarcts
Selenium
357. Demyelinating disease in Multiple sclerosis
338. ___ deficiency: glossitis, stomatitis, Riboflavin (B2) young women
cheilosis
358. Depigmentation of neurons in Parkinson's disease (basal
339. ___ deficiency: goiter Iodine substantia nigra ganglia disorder: rigidity,
340. ___ deficiency: hemolytic anemia, Vitamin E resting, tremor,
peripheral neuropathy bradykinesia)
359. Depigmentation Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia 374. Dilated Wet beriberi (Thiamine/B1 def)
of neurons in disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, cardiomyopathy
substantia nigra bradykinesia) is found in ___
beriberi
360. Depression (tx) SSRIs (first line)
375. Diphyllobothrium Cobalamin (B12)
361. Dermatitis, Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
latum causes ___
dementia,
deficiency
diarrhea
376. Disarrayed Cali-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell
362. Desquamated
granulosa cells in tumor ofthe ovary)
epithelium casts
eosinophilic fluid
in sputum
377. Disarrayed
granulosa cells in
eosinophilic fluid

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell

Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; tumor of the ovary)
can result in whorled mucous plugs) 378. Disease more Syphillis
363. Desquamated Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; likely to infect
epithelium casts can result in whorled mucous plugs) fetus after the
in sputum first trimester

364. Detection of RET Prophylactic thyroidectomy and family 379. A diver comes up pN2 in blood
mutation genetic testing for MEN syndrome too quickly and
warrants what? gets Caisson (Caisson disease = decompression
disease b/c sickness)
365. Development of Incidence __________ is
a condition in a decreased
population in a
period of time 380. Diverticulum in Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by
pharynx barium swallow)
366. Diabetes Desmopressin (central);
insipidus (tx) hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, 381. Dog or cat bite Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at
amiloride (nephrogenic) resulting in inoculation site)
infection
367. Diabetes mellitus Dietary intervention (low-sugar) + insulin
type 1 (tx) replacement 382. Drugs causing 5-FU, MTX, TMP, EtOH, phenytoin, OCPs
folate deficiency
368. Diabetes mellitus Dietary intervention, oral
type 2 (tx) hypoglycemics, and insulin (possible) 383. Dry eyes, dry Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune
mouth, arthritis destruction of exocrine glands)
369. Diabetic Fluids, insulin, K+
ketoacidosis (TX) 384. During All of them
mitochondrial
370. DIC Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric inheritence, (Son will not pass the disease on
complications, cancer, burn trauma which offspring though)
371. Dietary deficit Iron receive the
mutation from
372. Difference BER is recognition of one damaged
their mother
between BER and base and repair of it
NER NER is recognition of a series of 385. Dysphagia Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may
damaged bases and repair of them (esophageal progress to esophageal squamous cell
webs), glossitis, carcinoma)
373. Dilated Wet beriberi (thiamine (vitamin B1]
iron deficiency
cardiomyopathy, deficiency)
anem1a
edema,
polyneuropathy
386. Dysplastic Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical 398. Employees in a Lead poisoning from battery
squamous cancer) car factory incinceration
cervical cells present in a
with nuclear grouping with
enlargement and headache, N/V,
hyperchromasia muscle
weakness,
387. Dysplastic
abdominal
squamous
cramps
cervical cells
with nuclear 399. Endometrial Tamoxifen
enlargment and polyps can arise
hyperchromasia as a side effect
of what drug?
400. End product of Bilirubin
heme
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical degradation of
cancer) macrophages

388. EBV attaches to B-cells 401. Enlarged cells

CD21 in which with intranuclear
cell to infect inclusion bodies

389. EBV is a known Burkitt's lymphoma

oncogenic DNA Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
virus for which Polyclonal Malignant Lymphoma
cancers
390. EBV must attach CD21
to which Cluster "Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
Designation to
402. Enlarged cells Owl's-eye appearance of CMV
infect
with intranuclear
391. Effective renal ERPF = U PAH x (V/ P PAH) = C PAH inclusion bodies
plasma flow
403. Enlarged, hard Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
392. Ehlers-Danlos: I and III left
defective type supraclavicular
___ collagen node
393. Ejection click Aortic/pulmonic stenosis 404. Enlarged thyroid Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary
cells with carcinoma ofthe thyroid)
394. Ejection fraction EF = (stroke volume / end diastolic
ground-glass
volume) x 100
nuclei
395. Elastic skin, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III
405. Enlarged thyroid
hypermobility of collagen defect)
cells with
joints
ground-glass
396. Elevated CEA Bad (normally implies undetected mets nuclei
(oncofetal exist)
antigen gene
product) prior to
surgery lends
waht prognosis
397. The elevated Pyridoxine (B6)
levels of AST and
ALT in alcoholic "Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary
hepatitis are due carcinoma of the thyroid)
to a deficiency of
406. Enterobius Mebendazole 417. ER-positive breast cancer (TX) Tamoxifen
vermicularis
418. Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, Sezary syndrome
infection
hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T (cutaneous T-cell
(Pinworm) (tx)
cells lymphoma) or
407. Enterococci (TX) Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside mycosis fungoides
408. Enterotoxigenic E activates Gs by ADP-ribosylation 419. Esophageal cancer Squamous cell
Coli toxin carcinoma
permanently (worldwide)
alters G_ by ___ >> Adenocarcinoma
secretory (U.S.)
diarrhea
420. Esophagitis in an AIDS patient is due Herpes
409. Enzyme present Glycerol kinase to
only in liver,
421. Essential thrombocythemia is JAK2 Kinase
converts glycerol
associated with what mutation? What mutation
to glycerol-3-P
are the symptoms of this disease
for TG synthesis
associated with? Increased risk of
410. Eosinophilic Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) bleeding and/or
cytoplasmic thrombosis
inclusion in liver
422. Ethylene glycol/methanol Fomepizole (alcohol
cell
intoxication (TX) dehydrogenase
411. Eosinophilic inhibitor)
cytoplasmic
423. Excess ___ can produce oxalate Ascorbic Acid (Vit
inclusion in liver
stones C)
cell
424. ___ excess: decreased synth of Vit-K Vitamin E
coagulation factors
425. ___ excess: hemolytic anemia, Vitamin K
jaundice in newborns
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) 426. ___ excess: hypercalcemia, renal Vitamin D
calculi
412. Eosinophilic
cytoplasmic 427. ___ excess: increase intracranial Vitamin A (retinol)
inclusion in nerve pressure, liver toxicity, bone pain
cell 428. ___ excess/poisoning: hemorrhagic Iron
gastritis, liver necrosis
429. ___ excess: ringed sideroblasts Iron overload
430. ___ excess: T-waves Potassium
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) 431. ___ excess: Wilson's Disease Copper
413. Eosinophilic Lewy body (Parkinson's disease) 432. Exposure of a pregnant woman to Clear cell
cytoplasmic DES (diethystilbestrol) results in carcinoma of the
inclusion in nerve what condition in her daughter vagina
cell
433. Exposure of skin to UVB light creates Thymidine dimers
414. Eosinophilic Councilman body (toxic or viral
globule in liver hepatitis, often yellow fever) 434. Extracellular amyloid deposition in Senile plaques
gray matter of brain (Alzhemier's
415. Eosinophilic Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) disease)
inclusion bodies
in cytoplasm of 435. Extracellular amyloid deposition in Senile plaques
hippocampal gray matter of brain (Alzheimer's
nerve cells disease)

416. Erectile Sildenafil, vardenafil 436. Extracellular signals: ____philic hydrophilic

dysfunction (TX)
437. An extremely high ACTH test would Small cell 453. Fever, chills, headache, myalgia Jarisch-Herxheimer
indicate carcinoma of following antibiotic treatment for reaction (rapid lysis
lung syphilis of spirochetes
Medullary results in toxin
carcinoma of release)
thyroid
454. Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, Measles
Cushing
diffuse rash (Morbillivirus)
syndrome
455. Fever, night sweats, weight loss B symptoms
438. Extremely pruritic but discrete bites Chigger bites
(lymphoma)
forming bright red papules around the
legs and the waist 456. ___ fiber: decreases transit time, Insoluble fiber
decreases exposure to carcinogens
439. Facial muscle spasm upon tapping Chvostek's sign
(hypocalcemia) 457. ___ fiber: increases favorable Soluble fiber
bacteria, decreases serum
440. Fasting state: pyruvate >> ___ pyruvate
cholesterol level
shunted to
gluconeogenesis 458. Fibrous plagues in soft tissue of Peyronie's disease
penis (connective tissue
441. Fat, female, forty, and fertile Acute
disorder)
cholelithiasis
(bile duct 459. Filtration fraction FF = GFR/RPF
blockage) 460. Fluorouracil inhibits ___ Thymidylate
442. ___ fatty acids contain one or more Unsaturated synthase (converts
double bonds dUMP to dTMP)

443. ___ fatty acids lack double bonds Saturated 461. Flushing of the skin, diarrhea, and Carcinoid syndrome
the presence of valvular lesions (ex.
444. Fatty liver occur during Kwashiorkor Decreased
tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic
because of apolipoproteins
stenosis) are present in
445. Fed state leads to fatty acid ___; Fasting Fed state: fatty
462. Folate deficiency (alcoholics, celiac, Megaloblastic
state leads to fatty acid ___ acid synthesis;
chrons, diet) results in anemia
Fasting state:
fatty acid 463. Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) S. aureus, B. cereus
degradation 464. Forms micelles for reabsorption by Bile salts
446. Fed state: pyruvate >> ___ pyruvate small intestine villi
transaminated to 465. F___ state: PFK-2 increases F2,6bP; Fed state (high
produce alanine activates PFK-1 insulin, low
447. Feeding difficulties, vomiting, seizures, Maple Syrup glucagon)
hypoglycemia, fatal without treatment Urine Disease 466. F___ state: PFK-2 reduces F2,6bP; no Fasting state (low
(AR) activation of PFK-1 insulin, high
448. Female appering male with ambiguous 17-hydroxylase glucagon)
genitalia deficiency 467. Functions in iron transport Transferrin
449. A female patient develops ________, Fibroma 468. The functions of ANP are Inhibits:
which then causes pleural effusions and Meigs Syndrome R enal Na+ reabsorp
ascites, which together form the Tx: resolves with (Na+ in urine)
syndrome known as ________. How is this removal of A ldost release
syndrome treated? tumor T hirst stim
450. Females who were exposed to Vaginal adenosis
diethylstilbestrol in utero are at R enin release
increased risk for what? A DH release
P eriph vessel
451. Females with CF can get pregnant, but Thickened
dilation
it difficult because cervical mucus
452. Ferritin degradation product Hemosiderin
469. The functions of _________ ANP 488. H2 receptors: G_ >> ___ H2: Gs >> adenylyl cyclase
are generally opposite (protein) >> ___ (second >>increases cAMP
those of Angiotensin 2 (actions similar to a diuretic) messenger)
470. GAG important for Heparan sulfate 489. Haemophilus influenzae Rifampin (prophylaxis)
integrity of ECM, esp in (B) (TX)
CNS
490. "Hair-on-end" (crew cut) Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell
471. Gangliosides found in ___ myelin sheath appearance on x-ray anemia (marrow expansion)
472. Generalized anxiety Buspirone 491. Hair-on-end (crew-cut) P-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia
disorder (TX) appearance on x-ray (marrow expansion)
473. Giant B cells with Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's 492. Half-life t1/2 = 0.7 x Vd/CL
bilobed nuclei with lymphoma)
493. Haloperidol blocks ___ D2 receptors (antipsychotic)
prominent inclusions
receptors
("owl's eye")
494. Hamartomatous GI Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic
474. Girl has hypogonadism, Turner's syndrome
polyps, benign polyposis can cause
short stature, shield
hyperpigmentation of bowel obstruction; i cancer risk)
chest, webbed neck
mouth/ feet/hands
475. Glomerular filtration rate GFR = U inulin x (V/ P inulin) = C
495. Hardy-Weinberg p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
inulin
equilibrium p+q=1
476. Glomerular filtration rate GFR = Kf [(P GC - P BS) - (∏ GC
496. Hartnup's disease: defect in intestinal and renal
(In terms of hydrostatic & - ∏ BS)]
defect in ___ uptake of neutral amino acids
oncontic pressures)
497. Hashimoto's thyroiditis HLA-DR5
477. Glomerulonephritis Berger's disease (IgA
is associated with what
(adults) nephropathy)
genetic marker?
478. Glomerulus-like Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac
498. HBV is a known Squam Cell Carcinoma of cervix,
structure surrounding tumor)
oncogenic DNA virus vagina, vulva, and anus (in
vessel in germ cells
for which cancers homosexuals)
479. Glucagon: G_ >> ___ Glucagon: Gs >> adenylyl
499. HBV may progress to Laryngeal papilloma
(protein) >> ___ (second cyclase >>increases cAMP
cancer in which
messenger)
presentation
480. GLUT1 primarily in: most cell types (except kidney
500. hCG elevated Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform
and small intestine)
mole (occurs with and without
481. GLUT2 primarily in: Hepatocytes, pancreatic B cells, embryo)
kidney, small intestine
501. Heart murmur, Mitral valve prolapse
482. GLUT3 primarily in: Neurons, placenta, testes congenital
483. GLUT4 primarily in: Skeletal and cardiac muscle, 502. Heart nodules Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
adipocytes (granulomatous)
484. Gout, mental retardation, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT 503. Heart nodules Aschoffbodies (rheumatic fever)
self-mutilating behavior deficiency, X-linked recessive) (granulomatous)
in a boy
504. Heart valve in bacterial Mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid
485. GPCR primary cAMP endocarditis (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd
secondary messenger affected in rheumatic fever)
486. Green-yellow rings Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper 505. Helminth infection (U.S.) 1. Enterobius vermicularis
around peripheral accumulation from Wilson's 2. Ascaris lumbricoides
cornea disease)
506. Hematoma - epidural Rupture of middle meningeal
487. Gynecologic malignancy Endometrial carcinoma (most artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
common in U.S.); cervical
507. Hematoma - subdural Rupture of bridging veins
carcinoma (most common
(crescent shaped)
worldwide)
508. Hemochromatosis Multiple blood transfusions or 525. Hexagonal, double-pointed, Bronchial asthma
hereditary HFE mutation (can needle-like crystals in bronchial (Charcot-Leyden
result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," secretions crystals: eosinophilic
and increased risk of granules)
hepatocellular carcinoma
526. High insulin, low glucagon: Fed state:
509. Hemochromatosis: ___ High ferritin gluconeogenesis ___, glycolysis ___ gluconeogenesis
ferritin levels inhibited, glycolysis
stimulated
510. Hemorrhagic cystitis Cyclophosphamide side effects
Transitional carcinoma of 527. High iron stores: ___ transferrin Low transferrin
bladder levels
511. Henderson-Hasselbalch pH = pKa + log ([HCO3-]/ 0.03 528. High level of D-dimers DVT, pulmonary
equation PCO2) embolism, DIC
512. Heparin toxicity (acute) Protamine sulfate 529. Hilar lymphadenopathy, Ghon complex
(TX) peripheral granulomatous lesion in (primary TB :
middle or lower lung lobes (can Mycobacterium bacilli)
513. Hepatitis B Virus is a Hepatocellular carcinoma
calcify)
known oncogenic DNA
virus for which cancer 530. Hilar lymphadenopathy, Ghon complex
peripheral granulomatous lesion in (primary TB:
514. Hepatitis C Virus is a Hepatocellular carcinoma
middle or lower lung lobes (can Mycobacterium bacilli)
known oncogenic RNA
calcify)
virus for which cancer
531. HIV is a known oncogenic RNA CNS malignant
515. Hepatocellular Cirrhotic liver (associated with
virus for which cancer lymphoma
carcinoma hepatitis B and C
532. HLA-B27 Ankylosing spondylitis,
516. Hepatosplenomegaly, Gaucher's Disease (AR)
Reiter's syndrome,
crinkled-appearing
ulcerative colitis,
macrophages in liver,
psoriasis
spleen, bone marrow,
compatible with life 533. HLA-DR3 or -DR4 Diabetes mellitus type
I, rheumatoid arthritis,
517. Hepatosplenomegaly, Niemann-Pick Disease (AR)
SLE
mental retardation,
"bubbly" macrophages, 534. Holosystolic murmur VSD, tricuspid
fatal early in life regurgitation, mitral
regurgitation
518. Hepatosplenomegaly, Gaucher's disease
osteoporosis, neurologic (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) 535. "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray Interstitial fibrosis
symptoms
536. Honeycomb lung on x-ray Interstitial fibrosis
519. HER2/neu-positive Trastuzumab
537. Hormone-sensitive lipase Epinephrine, growth
breast cancer (TX)
activated by ___ and ___ to promote hormone
520. Hereditary bleeding von Willebrand's disease lipolysis
disorder
538. Hormone-sensitive lipase inhibited Insulin
521. Hereditary harmless Gilbert's syndrome (benign by ___ thereby preventing lipolysis
jaundice congenital unconjugated
hyperbilirubinemia)
522. Hereditary nephritis, Alport syndrome (mutation in a
sensorineural hearing chain of collagen IV)
loss, cataracts
523. Herpes Simplex Virus 8 Kaposi sarcoma
is a known oncogenic
DNA virus for which
cancers
524. Heterophile antibodies Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
539. How does glucose Through OSMOTIC DAMAGE: 550. Hypercoagulability Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma
cause peripheral glucose freely enters into Schwann (leading to migrating of pancreas or lung)
neuropathy? cells (function to myelinate DVTs and vasculitis)
peripheral nerves) and aldose
551. Hypernatremia Hypertension
reductase converts that glucose
causes ___tension
into SORBITOL, which results in
osmotic damage 552. Hyperphagia, Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral
hypersexuality, amygdala lesion)
540. How does thyroid Increases synthesis of Na+/K+
hyperorality,
hormone increase ATPase
hyperdocility
basal metabolic rate?
553. Hyperreflexia, UMN damage
541. How do you MAINLY THE PRESENCE OF CD10
hypertonia, positive
differentiate B-ALL
Babinski sign
from T-ALL? B-ALL will have the following cell
markers: CD10, CD19, and CD20 554. Hypersegmented Megaloblastic anemia (B12
neutrophils deficiency: neurologic symptoms;
T-ALL will have the following cell folate deficiency: no neurologic
markers: CD2 up to CD8 (AND NO symptoms)
CD10!) 555. Hypertension, Conn's syndrome
542. How do you Lymphoblasts = TdT (+) hypokalemia,
differentiate metabolic alkalosis
lymphoblasts from Myeloblasts = MPO (+) 556. Hypertension, Renal disease
myeloblasts? secondary
543. How do you treat all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) which 557. Hypertriglyceridemia Fibrate
promyelocytic is a Vit. A derivative -> this binds the (TX)
leukemia? altered retinoic acid receptor and
558. Hypochromic Iron deficiency anemia, lead
causes the blasts to mature and
microcytic anemia poisoning, thalassemia (HbF
eventually die
sometimes present)
544. How is a Increased Serum metanephrines
559. Hypochromic, Iron deficiency anemia, lead
pheochromocytoma and 24-hour urine metanephrines
microcytic anemia poisoning, thalassemia (HbF
diagnosed? How is it and vanillymandelic acid
sometimes present)
treated?
Tx: Alpha blockade with 560. Hypoparathyroidism Accidental excision during
phenoxybenzamine followed by thyroidectomy
adrenalectomy 561. Hypopituitarism Pituitary adenoma (usually benign
545. Human T- Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma tumor)
Lymphotropic Virus 1 562. Hyporeflexia, LMN damage
(HTLV-1) is a known hypotonia, atrophy
oncogenic RNA virus
for which cancer 563. Hypoxemia, Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis:
polycythemia, hyperplasia of mucous cells)
546. Human T-Lymphtropic Hairy cell Leukemia hypercapnia
Virus 2 (HTLV-2) is a
known oncogenic 564. Hypoxia is different Body as a whole is deprived of
RNA virus for which from Hypoxemic in adequate oxygen = generalized
cancer what way hypoxia

547. Hyperaldosteronism Spironolactone Specific tissues are deprived of

(TX) adequate oxygen = tissue hypoxia
548. Hypercholesterolemia Statin (first-line)
(TX) Blood is not oxygenating properly =
hypoxemic
549. Hypercoagulability, Virchow's triad (results in venous
endothelial damage, thrombosis)
blood stasis
565. If a disease is 571. Immediate anticoagulation (TX) Heparin
likely to be
572. Impact of aging on ESR Speeds it up
passed on to 25%
of the parent's 573. Inadequate protein intake (not Kwahiorkor
offspring, "starvation")
regardless of the 574. Inc ACTH during Cushing's Hyperpigmentation
parent's of child's syndrome would also present with
Auto Recess
gender, that (due to inc
disease has what melanocyte
inheritence stimulating hormone)
pattern
575. Inc ADH in a patient suspected of Small cell carcinoma
566. If a disease is cancer indicates of the lung
likely to be
576. Inc ADH in a patient with no Dilutional
passed on to 50%
suspicion of cancer indicates hyponatremia
of the parents
offspring, 577. Inc Beta-hCG in a female patient Trophoblastic tumor:
regardless of the with no signs of malignancy Hydatidiform mole
parent's of child's indicates Invasive mole
gender, that Auto Dom
disease has what X-linked Dom Germ cell tumor
inheritence Hyperthyroidism
pattern (Auto recess pedigree is shown)
578. Inc Beta-hCG in a female patient Choriocarcinoma
567. If a disease is with signs of metastasis
likely to be 579. Inc Beta-hCG in a male patient Germ cell tumor
passed on to 50% Gynecomastia
of the parent's Hyperthyroidism
off spring
regardless of the 580. Inc calcitonin is often due to what Hypocalcemia
parent's of child's electrolyte imbalance
gender, that X-linked Dom 581. Inc calcitonin is often due to what Medullary carcinoma
disease has what Auto Dom tumor of thyroid
inheritence
582. Inc Erythropoietin is attributable to 2ry Polycythemia
pattern (X-llnked Dom pedigree is shown)
what systemic disoorder
568. If a disease is
583. Inc Erythrpoietin is attributable to Renal
likely to be
what tumors Adenocarcinoma
passed on to 50%
Wilm's tumor
of the parent's
Hepatocellular
offspring who
carcinoma
are male, that
VonHippel Lindau
disease has what
disease
inheritence X-linked Recess
Uterine leiomyoma
pattern
584. Inc Insulin-like Growth Factor Hypoglycemia
569. If a kidney is The opposite kidney is failing
indicates what systemic imbalance
hypertrophied, it
is likely because 585. Inc Insulin-like Growth Factor Hepatocellular Tumor
indicates what tumor Retroperitoneal
570. If the same Angelman syndrome
Tumor
Microdeletion on
Chrom15 that 586. Inc PTH-like peptide indicates what Squamous cell
causes Prader tumors carcinoma of lung
Willi originates Renal
from the mother, Adenocarcinoma
the resulting Breast cancer
disease is Ovarian cancer
587. Inc PTH-like peptides
indicates what electrolyte
imbalace
588. Increased a-fetoprotein in
amniotic fluid/maternal
serum
589. Increased alpha-
fetoprotein in amniotic
fluid/maternal serum
590. Increased levels of ___
produces a turbid
infranate
591. Increased levels of ___
produces a turbid
supranate
592. Increased ___ produces
demyelination in spinal
cord, peripheral nerves,
brain
593. Increased uric acid levels
594. Inc Serotonin indicates the
metastasis of what tumor
595. Inc Serotonin indicates
what syndrome
596. Inc Serotonin indicates
what tumors
597. Indurated, ulcerated
genital lesion
598. Infant is switched from
cows milk to goats milk
and develops anemia
599. Infant with failure to
thrive,
hepatosplenomegaly,
neurodegeneration
600. Infant with hypoglycemia,
failure to thrive, and
hepatomegaly
601. Infant with microcephaly,
rocker-bottom feet,
clenched hands, and
structural heart defect
Hypercalcemia (-> low PTH) 602. Infection secondary to blood Hepatitis C
transfusion
603. Infections in chronic granulomatous Staphylococcus
Dating error, anencephaly, disease aureus, E. coli,
spina bifida (neural tube Aspergillus (catalase
defects) positive)
Dating error, anencephaly, 604. Infertility (TX) Leuprolide, GnRH
spina bifida (neural tube (pulsatile)
defects)
605. Influenza (TX) Rimantadine,
VLDL oseltamivir
606. ___ inhibited by digitalis; causes Na/Ca antiporter
increase in cytosolic [Ca] and
Chylomicrons increased force of contraction
607. Inhibitor of carnitine acyltransferase Malonyl CoA
I
Propionyl CoA
608. Insulin long-term path: ___ >> ___ >> Ras >> MAP kinase >>
gene activation gene activation
609. Insulin short-term path: ___ >> ___ >> PIP2 >> Protein
increased glucose uptake, increased kinase B >> increased
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
glycogen synthase glucose uptake
tumor lysis syndrome, loop and
thiazide diuretics 610. In the absence of a Y-chromosome, Differentiates into
the germinal ridge ovaries
Small bowel carcinoid met to
Liver 611. In the hyperplasia pathway of Endometrioid
endometrial carcinoma, in which appearance
Carcinoid syndrome
carcinoma arises from endometrial
hyperplasia, what is the appearance
Small cell carcinoma of lung on histology?
Bronchial carcinoid
612. In the presence of a Y-chromosome Differentiates into
Medullary carcinoma of
the germinal ridge testes
thyroid
613. In the sporadic pathway of Psammoma body
Nonpainful: chancre (lo
endometrial carcinoma, in which formation
syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
endometrium arises in atrophic (concentric layers of
Painful, with exudate:
endometrium, what is the calcification forming
chancroid (Haemophilus
appearance on histology? a lesion)
ducreyi)
614. In tissue hypoxia, decreased ATP dysfunctional Ca-
Macrocytic anemia
production causes ___, leading to ATPase pump,
irreversible cell damage allowing Ca2+ into
(goats milk is low in folate)
cells, activating
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic prop-apoptotic
sphingomyelinase deficiency) enzymes
615. Intracellular signals: ___philic lipophilic
616. Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet- Cowdry type A
Cori's disease (debranching
like bodies bodies (HSV or
enzyme deficiency)
CMV)
617. Involvement of endometriosis in the Adenomyosis
Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
uterine myometrium is called what?
618. Iron-containing nodules in alveolar Ferruginous bodies
septum (asbestosis: Inc
chance of
mesothelioma)
619. Iron-containing nodules in Ferruginous bodies 634. LDH is an enzyme that is a Hodgkins
alveolar septum (asbestosis: increased marker of which cancer Generally considered non-
chance of mesothelioma) specific though
620. Iron deficiency anemia 2,3-DPG needs Iron to bind 635. "Lead pipe" appearance of Ulcerative colitis (loss of
results in less delivery of O2 to, which would then colon on x-ray haustra)
to tissue because facilitate oxygen's ability to
636. Lead pipe appearance of Ulcerative colitis (loss of
leave Hb when in the
colon on x-ray haustra)
correct organ environment
637. Lead poisoning denatures Lead poisoning denatures ALA
621. Iron deficiency: ___ ferritin Low ferritin
___ and inhibits ___ dehydratase and inhibits
levels
ferrochelatase
622. ___ is a substrate for Glycerol 3-P
638. Legionella pneumophila Erythromycin
gluconeogenesis and TG
(TX)
synthesis
639. Linear appearance of Goodpasture's syndrome
623. Kallmann syndrome occurs No GnRH production -> no
glomeruli on
due to hormone production
immunofluorescence
624. Keratin pearls on a skin Squamous cell carcinoma
640. Liver disease Alcoholic cirrhosis
biopsy
641. Loading dose LD = Cp x Vd/F
625. Kidney stones 1. Calcium = radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium) = 642. Long-chain fatty acid Requires carnitine shuttle
radiopaque (formed by absorption:
urease-positive organisms 643. Long, linear, unbranched Proteoglycans
such as Proteus vulgaris or polysaccharides attached
Staphylococcus) to protein
3. Uric acid = radiolucent
644. Long-term Warfarin
626. Kids who contract EBV Avoid contact sports for 1 anticoagulation (TX)
should follow what year
645. Losartan blocks ___ angiotensin II receptors >>
recommendation? Why? Increased risk for splenic
receptors decreases BP
rupture
646. Low alpha fetoprotein is a Down syndrome
627. Klinefelter syndrome occurs XXY
component of which
due to the presence of
chromosomal mutation
628. Lack of oxidative burst due Catalase negative
647. Low insulin, high Fasting state: gluconeogenesis
to absence of NADPH in Streptococci
glucagon: stimulated, glycolysis inhibited
Chronic Granulomatosis
gluconeogenesis ___,
does not prevent the
glycolysis ___
immune cells from killing
648. Low iron stores: ___ High transferrin
629. Laminin and fibronectin bind Integrin receptors
transferrin levels
___ receptors
649. Low paO2 indicates Hypoxemic = not oxygenating
630. Large lysosomal vesicles in Chediak-Higashi disease
properly
phagocytes, (congenital failure of
immunodeficiency phagolysosome formation) 650. Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson's disease
(hepatolenticular
631. Large rash with bull's-eye Erythema chronicum
degeneration)
appearance migrans from Ixodes tick
bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) 651. Lucid interval after Epidural hematoma (middle
traumatic brain injury meningeal artery rupture)
632. Largest GAG, vitreous body Hyaluronic acid
of eye, synovial fluid, 652. "Lumpy-bumpy" Poststerptococcal
Wharton jelly appearance of glomeruli glomerulonephritis (immune
on immunofluorescence complex deposition of IgG and
633. Late cyanotic shunt Eisenmenger's syndrome
C3b)
(uncorrected L --> R (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA;
becomes R--> L) results in pulmonary
hypertension/polycythemia)
653. Lumpy-bumpy Poststreptococcal 671. Males with CF are generally The vas deferens never
appearance of glomerulonephritis (immune sterile because fully develops
glomeruli on complex deposition of IgG and
672. Males with CF generally are Sterile (less than 5%
immunofluorescence C3b)
chance having child)
654. Lysosomal accumulation Fabry's Disease (XLR)
673. Malignancy associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma
of ceramide trihexosides
noninfectious fever
655. Lysosomal accumulation Krabbe's Disease (AR)
674. Malignant hyperthermia (tx) Dantrolene
of galactocerebrosides
675. Malignant skin tumor Basal cell carcinoma
656. Lysosomal accumulation Gaucher's Disease (AR)
(rarely metastasizes)
of glucocerebrosides
676. Mammary gland ("blue-domed") Fibrocystic change ofthe
657. Lysosomal accumulation Tay-Sachs Disease (AR)
cyst breast
of GM2 gangliosides
677. Mammary gland ("blue-domed") Fibrocystic change of
658. Lysosomal accumulation Niemann-Pick Disease (AR)
cyst the breast
of sphingomyelin
678. Maple Syrup Urine Disease has Isoleucine, leucine, and
659. Lysosomal accumulation Metachromatic luekodystrophy
increased levels of ___, ___, and valine
of sulfatides (AR)
___
660. Lysosomal storage Gaucher's disease
679. A mass is excised from the Leiomyosarcoma
disease
uterus of a 30 year old female.
661. Lytic ("hole-punched") Multiple myeloma On gross exam it shows a single
bone lesions on x-ray lesion with areas of necrosis and
hemorrhage. What is this mass
662. Magnesium deficiency () Low PTH
most likely?
can result in Hyperexcitability
Muscle cramps/tremor 680. A mass is found in the anterior Thyroglossal duct cyst-
Hypokalemia (via Na/K-ATPase) neck of a patient. What is a Thyroid develops at the
Arrythmia (via Na/K-ATPase) possible diagnosis? base of the tongue and
then travels along the
663. Maintenance dose MD = Cp x CL/F
thyroglossal duct to the
664. Major cause of death in MVA (motor vehicle accident) anterior neck
15-25 age bracket
681. Mean arterial pressure MAP = cardiac output *
665. Major cause of death in Homicide total peripheral
African American's age resistance
bracket 15-25 MAP = 1/3 systolic + 2/3
666. Malaria (TX) Chloroquine/mefloquine (for diastolic
blood schizont), primaquine (for 682. Medical abortion (tx) Mifepristone
liver hypnozoite)
683. Medium-chain fatty acid Direct
667. Male appearing female 21-hydroxylase or 11-hydroxylase absorption:
with ambiguous deficiency
684. Membrane fluidity is increased cis-unsaturated fatty
genitalia
by ___ and ___ acids and high
668. Male cancer Prostatic carcinoma temperatures
669. Male child, recurrent Bruton's disease (X-linked 685. Mental retardation 1. Down syndrome
infections, no mature B agammgloblinemia) 2. Fragile X syndrome
cells
686. Mental retardation, hypotonia, Pompe's
670. A male patient presents Choriocarcinoma-secretes Beta- cardiomegaly leading to death
with elevated Beta-hCG hCG, which has an alpha-subunit by age 2
and constant facial that is similar to FSH, LH, and
687. Metastases to bone Breast, lung, thyroid,
flushing. What is the TSH, and so it may cause
testes, prostate, kidney
most likely diagnosis? gynecomastia or
hyperthyroidism 688. Metastases to brain Lung, breast, skin
(melanoma), kidney
(renal cell carcinoma),
GI
689. Metastases to Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and 700. Monoclonal gammopathy Multiple Myeloma
liver lung carcinomas asscoiated with bone pain or
facture
690. Microcytic Lead poisoning
anemia with 701. Monoclonal gammopathy Plasmacytoma
coarse associated with a solitary
basophilic mass in the aerodigestive
stippling region (larynx or
nasopharynx region)
691. The Father
Microdeletion 702. Monoclonal gammopathy Amyloidosis
on Chrom15 that associated with macroglossia
causes Prader (big tongue) mucocutaneous
Willi Syndrome lesion, carpal tunnel, and/or
originates in hepatomegally
which parent
703. Monoclonal gammopathy Waldenstroms
692. Migraine (tx) Sumatriptan associated with weight loss macroglobulinemia
and anorexia
693. Mild Cori's
hypoglycemia, 704. Monoclonal globulin protein Bence Jones proteins
hepatomegaly, in blood/urine (multiple myeloma [kappa
decrease in or lambda Ig light chains in
free glucose urine]), Waldenstrom's
after macroglobulinemia (lgM)
epinephrine
705. Monoclonal globulin protein Bence Jones proteins
challenge
in blood/urine (multiple myeloma [kappa
694. Mismatch Removes mismatched bases during or lambda Ig light chains in
Repair is replication of a parent strand urine]), Waldenstrom's
different from macroglobinemia (IgM)
BER and NER in
706. Montelukast: ___ antagonist Leukotrine receptor
what way
antagonist
695. Mitochondrial Disease occurs in both males and
707. Most abundant GAG, Chondroitin sulfate
inheritance females, inherited through females only
component of cartilage
696. Mitral valve Rheumatic heart disease
708. Most common cause of Malignancy
stenosis
hypercalcemia (in
697. Mixed (UMN ALS hospitalized pop)
and LMN) motor
709. Most common cause of Primary
neuron disease
hypercalcemia (in normal Hyperparathyroidism
698. Monoclonal 1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; pop)
antibody spike usually IgG or IgA)
710. Most common cause of Renal failure
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of
hypermagnesemia
undetermined significance (MGUS);
normal consequence of aging) 711. Most common cause of Renal failure
3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) hyperphosphatemia
macroglobulinemia 712. Most common cause of Alcoholism
4. Primary amyloidosis hypomagnesemia
699. Monoclonal 1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; 713. Most common cause of Thiazide and loop diuretics
antibody spike usually IgG or IgA) 2. hyponatremia
Monoclonalgammopathy of
714. Most common cause of Osmotic diuresis
undetermined significance (MGUS;
hyponatremia
normal consequence of aging) 3.
Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM)
macroglobulinemia 4. Primaryamyloidosis
715. Most common cause of Resp / met alkalosis 733. Multiple colon polyps, Gardner's syndrome
hypophosphatemia (alkalosis enhances osteomas/soft tissue tumors, (subtype of FAP)
glycolysis and impacted/ supernumerary
phosphorylation of teeth
glucose)
734. Multiple Sclerosis (tx) Beta-interferon,
716. Most common cause of vitamin D Renal failure immunosuppression,
deficiency natalizumab
717. Most common Familial 735. Muscle cramping, fatigue, McArdle's
hyperlipoproteinemia hypertriglyceridemia myoglobinuria with exercise
718. Most common metal deficiency in Magnesium 736. Muscle weakness, blindness, Tay-Sachs Disease (AR)
alcoholics cherry-red macula
719. Most common nonpathologic Hypoalbuminemia 737. ___ must be added to diets in Tyrosine
cause of hypocalcemia PKU
720. Most common pathologic cause of Hypomagnesemia 738. Mycobacterium tuberculosis RIPE (rifampin, INH,
hypocalcemia (tx) pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
721. Most common vitamin deficiency Folate 739. Myocarditis Coxsackie B
in alcoholics
740. Myopathy (infantile Pompe's disease
722. Most important risk factor whcih Unprotected sex hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), (lysosomal a-1,4-
increases morbidity/mortality in a (AIDS) exercise intolerance glucosidase deficiency)
single 25 yrs old black male
741. Myxedema: increased GAGs Chondroitin sulfate,
(also true in women)
(___, ___) in interstitial tissue hyluronic acid
723. Mother is a hard core vegan, and B12 deficiency
742. NADPH deficiency prevents Oxygen -> Superoxide
is breast feeding when baby
oxidative burst in neutrophils Free Radicals
develops anemia
and monocytes because what
724. Movement against a concentration Primary active conversion is inhibited
gradient using ATP energy transport
743. NAPDH deficiency prevents Neutrophils
725. Movement against a concentration Secondary active Oxidative burst in which Monocytes
gradient using energy from transport immune cells
cotransported ion
744. Narrowing of bowel lumen on "String sign" (Crohn's
726. Movement down a concentration Simple diffusion barium radiograph disease)
gradient:
745. Narrowing of bowel lumen on String sign (Crohn's
727. Movement down a concentration Facilitated diffusion barium radiograph disease)
gradient with aid of transport
746. Nasal decongestant: alpha1 Ephedrine
proteins:
agonist >> vasoconstriction
728. MR, development delay, abnormal Metachromatic
747. Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) Wegener's (c-ANCA
myelin, peripheral neuropathy, luekodystrophy (AR)
and necrotizing positive) and
urine arylsulfatase decreased,
glomerulonephritis Goodpasture's syndromes
death within first decade
(anti-basement membrane
729. MR, fair skin, congenital pyloric PKU (AR) antibodies)
stenosis
748. ___ need IV thiamine before Alcoholics
730. MRSA (tx) Vancomycin infusion fluids with glucose
731. Mucin-filled cell with peripheral Signet ring (gastric 749. Needle-shaped, negatively Gout (monosodium urate
nucleus carcinoma) birefringent crystals crystals)
732. Mucosal bleeding and prolonged Glanzmann's 750. Needle-shaped, negatively Gout (monosodium urate
bleeding time thrombasthenia birefringent crysytals crystals)
(defect in platelet
751. Negative predictive value NPV = TN / (TN + FN)
aggregation due to
lack of Gpllb/Illa) 752. Neisseria gonorrheae (tx) Ceftriaxone (+ doxycycline
to cover likely concurrent
Chlamydia)
753. Neonate with arm Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior 774. NT derived from tryptophan Serotonin
paralysis following trunk [C5-C6) brachial plexus
775. Number needed to harm 1/attributable risk
difficult birth injury: "waiter's tip")
increase (ARI)
754. Neoplasm (kids) 1. ALL 1/[Event Rate (treatment)
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma - Event Rate (placebo)]
755. Nephrotic syndrome Focal segmental 776. Number needed to treat 1/absolute risk reduction
(adults) glomerulosclerosis (ARR)
1/[Event Rate (control) -
756. Nephrotic syndrome Minimal change disease
Event Rate (treatment)]
(kids) (associated with
infections/vaccinations; treat with 777. Nutmeg appearance of liver Chronic passive
corticosteroids) congestion of liver clue
to right heart failure
757. Net filtration pressure Pnet = (Pc - Pi) - (∏c -∏i)
778. "Nutmeg" appearance of liver Chronic passive
758. Neural tube defect Prenatal folic acid
congestion of liver due
prevention (tx)
to right heart failure
759. Neuron migration Kallmann syndrome
779. Nystagmus, intention tremor, Multiple sclerosis
failure
scanning speech, bilateral
760. Neuron Specific Neuroblastoma internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Enolase (NSE) is a Small cell carcinoma of lung
780. O2 content on a blood gas O2 bound to Hb
marker for which
refers to
cancers
781. Obesity leads to decreased Insulin
761. NH___ is nondiffusible; NH4+ is nondiffusible; NH3 is
numbers of _______ receptors.
NH___ is diffusible diffusible
782. Obstruction of male urinary BPH
762. Nodular hyaline Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
tract
deposits in glomeruli (diabetic nephropathy)
783. ___________ occurs due to the dec Beta-carotenemia
763. Nodular hyaline Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
conversion of Beta-carotenes
depostis in glomeruli (diabetic nephropathy)
into retinoic acid in the intestine
764. No lactation Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary
784. "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction Ewing's sarcoma
postpartum, absent infarction)
(malignant round-cell
menstruation, cold
tumor)
intolerance
785. Onion-skin periosteal reaction Ewing's sarcoma
765. Non-dysjunction in Mosaicism
(malignant round-cell
somatic cells will result
tumor)
in
786. Opening snap Mitral stenosis
766. Normal bicarb 22-26
787. Opportunistic infection in AIDS Pneumocystis jiroveci
767. Normal H+ 35-45
(formerly carinii)
768. Normal paCO2 35-45mmHg pneumonia
769. Normal paO2 75-100mmHg 788. Optochin response Sensitive: Streptococcus
770. Normal pH of blood 7.34-7.44 pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans
771. Nosocomial pneumonia Klebsiella, E. coli, pseudomonas
streptococcus
aeruginosa
789. Optochin response Sensitive: Streptococcus
772. Novobiocin response Sensitive: Staphylococcus
pneumoniae; resistant:
epidermidis; resistant:
Viridans streptococcus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
790. Oscillating slow/fast breathing Cheyne-Stokes
773. Novobiocin response Sensitive: Staphylococcus
respirations (central
epidermidis
apnea in CHF or I
Resistant: Staphylococcus
intracranial pressure)
saprophyticus
791. Osteogenesis imperfecta: I
defective type ___ collagen
792. Osteomalacia/rickets (tx)
793. Osteomyelitis
794. Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
disease
795. Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
796. Osteoporosis (tx)
797. Ovarian metastasis from
gastric carcinoma or breast
cancer
798. Ovarian tumor (benign,
bilateral)
799. Ovarian tumor (malignant)
800. oxytocin: G_ >> ___ (protein) >>
___ (second messenger)
801. Painful blue fingers/toes,
hemolytic anemia
802. Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
803. Painful, raised red lesions on
palms and soles
804. Painless erythematous lesions
on palms and soles
805. Painless jaundice
806. Painless spider bite turning
into slightly red and tender
papular lesion, later becomes
hemorrhagic blister
surrounded by purpura
807. Palpable purpura on
buttocks/legs, joint pain,
abdominal pain (child)
808. Pancreatic, pituitary,
parathyroid tumors
809. Pancreatitis (acute)
810. Pancreatitis (chronic)
811. Parasethesia in extremities,
reddish purple rash, cataracts,
death due to kidney or heart
failure
Vitamin D supplementation
S. aureus
Salmonella
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
Bisphosphonates; calcium
and vitamin D
supplementation
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-
secreting signet-ring cells)
Serous cystadenoma
Serous
cystadenocarcinoma
oxytocin: Gq >>
phospholipase C >> IP3 +
DAG
Cold agglutinin disease
(autoimmune hemolytic
anemia caused by
Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
infectious mononucleosis)
Raynaud's syndrome
(vasospasm in extremities)
Osler's node (infective
endocarditis)
Janeway lesions (infective
endocarditis)
Cancer of the pancreatic
head obstructing bile duct
Brown recluse spider
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
(IgA vasculitis affecting
skin and kidneys)
MEN 1 (autosomal
dominant)
Gallstones, alcohol
Alcohol (adults), cystic
fibrosis (kids)
Fabry's Disease (XLR)
812. Patent ductus arteriosus (tx) Indomethacin
813. Patient carrying logs, moving Black widow bite
boxes, painful spider bite
resulting in crampy pain in
thighs and abdomen
814. A patient comes in with acute Testicular torsion
abdominal pain and an absent
cremasteric reflex. What
should be at the top of your
differential?
815. A patient develops a cancer Choriocarcinoma-poor
after D&C of a hydatidiform response to chemotherapy
mole. What cancer is this and because of its early
can it be easily treated? hematogenous spread
816. A patient examined has a Acute prostatitis
tender and boggy prostate on
DRE. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
817. Patient is losing salt and is 21-hydroxylase deficiency
volume depleted
818. A patient presents with a hard, Reidel fibrosing thyroiditis
woody thyroid gland. What is -> fibrosis may extend to
the likely diagnosis? What is involve local structures
this disease sometimes
confused for? Clinically mimics anaplastic
carcinoma but patients
ARE YOUNGER AND
MALIGNANT CELLS ARE
ABSENT
819. A patient presents with a mass Lingual thyroid
at the base of the tongue of
20 years duration and no
other symptoms. Your fellow
med student's first thought is
cancer, but you know better.
What is it?
820. A patient presents with initial Hashimoto's
hyperthyroidism followed by
hypothyroidism. What is the
likely diagnosis?
821. A patient presents with lytic Gut reaction = Multiple
punched out lesions, myeloma -> wrong
hypercalcemia, and a rash. because MM patients don't
What is your gut reaction in usually get a rash
this case? Why is this wrong This is Adult T-Cell
and what is the actual Leukemia (ATLL) which is
diagnosis? associated with HTLV-1 in
Asia and the Caribbean.
THEY WILL HAVE A RASH
AND LYTIC LESIONS
WITH HYPERCALCEMIA
822. Patient presents with multiple wheals Fire ant bites 834. Pentose phosphate pathway: NADPH and ribose-5-P
that later develop into vesicles and major source of ___ and ___
pustules
835. People making moonshine in an Lead poisoning
823. A patient presents with parchment-like Lichen sclerosis old car radiator, present with
vulvar skin. What is the diagnosis? Is it It is benign but is headache, N/V, muscle
cancer causing? associated with a weakness, abdominal cramps
slightly increased
836. Percentage of people who have Case-fatality rate
risk for squamous
a condition and die from it in a
cell carcinoma
specific time period

Lichen simplex 837. Periosteum raised from bone, Codman's triangle on x-

chronicus is creating triangular area ray (osteosarcoma,
benign and Ewing's sarcoma,
DOES NOT pyogenic osteomyelitis)
increase risk for 838. Peripheral neuropathy is found Dry beriberi
squamous cell in ___ beriberi (Thiamine/B1 def)
carcinoma
839. Pertussis toxin permanently inactivates Gi by ADP-
824. A patient presents with thick, leathery Benign and not at alters G_ by __ >> increased ribosylation
vulvar skin. Is she at increased risk for increased risk mucus secretion
cancer? What disease is this? (unlike lichen
840. Pheochromocytoma (tx) alpha-antagonists (e.g.
sclerosis which
phenoxybenzamine)
increases risk for
squamous cell 841. Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) CML (may sometimes be
carcinoma) (brc-abl) associated with
ALL/AML)
This disease is 842. Phosphoinositide-coupled IP3 and DAG
called Lichen receptor secondary messenger
simplex chronicus
843. Photosensitive skin lesions Porphyria cutanea tarda
825. Patient received a painful sting that is Scorpion bite consisting of vesicles, bullae,
followed by localized itching, and liver disease
paresthesias, N/V, HTN
844. Physiologic dead space VD = VT x [(PaCO2 -
826. Patient with ALL Child PeCO2) / PaCO2]
827. Patient with AML Adult ~60 845. Pink complexion, dyspnea, Pink puffer (emphysema:
828. Patient with CLL Adult > 60 hyperventilation centroacinar [smoking],
panacinar [alpha1-
829. Patient with CML Adult 30-60
antitrypsin deficiency])
830. Patient with inc Erythropoietin has 2ry Polycythemia
846. Pituitary tumor 1. Prolactinoma
normal PaO2, Inc RBC mass, and
2. Somatotropic
normal plasma volume
"acidophilic" adenoma
831. Patient with mental status change from Pancreatic
847. PKU has increase levels of ___ Phenylalanine
episodic hypoglycemia relieved by endocrine
glucose administration presents with neoplasms 848. PN2 in blood is deficienct in a It forms bubbles in the
increased insulin, increased c peptide, diver with Caisson disease b/c vessels and moves into
and decreased serum glucose levels. the tissues
What is a possible diagnosis?
(most severe symptoms
832. Patient with pitting edema, flaky paint Kwashiorkor
occur in the lungs)
like dermatitis, dec protein intake,
normal caloric intake from 849. Pneumocystis jirovecii (tx) TMP-SMX (prophylaxis
carbohydrates, and fatty liver in AIDS patients)

833. Pelvic inflammatory disease Neisseria 850. Podocyte fusion of EM Minimal change disease
gonorrhoeae (child with nephrotic
(monoarticular syndrome)
arthritis)
851. Podocyte fusion on EM
852. Polished, "ivory-like"
appearance of bone at
cartilage erosion
853. Polished, "ivory-like"
appearance of bone at
cartilage erosion
854. Polyclonal gammopathy
indicating chronic
inflammation would be from
what likely sources
855. Polycythemia vera is
associated with what
mutation? What is a classic
characteristic finding?
856. Polyuria, acidosis, growth
failure, electrolyte
imbalances
857. Positive anterior "drawer
sign"
858. Positive predictive value
859. PPAR- gamma agonist (tx)
860. Prader Willi Syndrome is
due to a ___________ on
chromosome _____
861. The presence of fetal
haemoglobin causes what
shift in the oxygen
dissociation curve
862. Prevailing thepry on
reducing sudden infant
death syndrome is
863. Primary amenorrhea
864. Primary bile salts from ___,
secondary bile salts from ___
865. Primary bone tumor (adults)
866. Primary hyperaldosteronism
867. Primary
hyperparathyroidism
Minimal change disease
(child with nephrotic
syndrome)
Eburnation (osteoarthritis
resulting in bony sclerosis)
Eburnation(osteoarthritis
resulting in bony sclerosis)
Liver disease
Autoimmune disease
Chronic infection
Malignancy
JAK2 Kinase Mutation
Itching, especially after
bathing (due to histamine
release from increased mass
cells)
Fanconi's syndrome
(proximal tubular
reabsorption defect)
Anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) injury
PPV = TP / (TP + FP)
pioglitazone
(thiozolidindione-
antihyperglycemic diabetic
medicine- do not give to pt
w/ CHF)
Microdeletion on
chromosome 15
Leftward
(increased affinity for O2)
Baby should sleep in supine
position
Turner syndrome (45 XO)
Primary bile salts from liver,
secondary bile salts from
intestinal bacteria
Multiple myeloma
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma
868. Primary liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma
(chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis,
hemochromatosis, alpha-1
antitrypsin)
869. The primary protein in Whey
breast milk is
870. The primary protein in Casein
cows milk is
871. Primary source of NH4+ Glutamate
in urea cycle
872. Progressive psychomotor Krabbe's Disease (AR)
retardation, abnormal
myelin, large globoid
bodies in white matter
873. Prolactinoma (tx) Bromocriptine (dopamine
agonist)
874. Proportion of a Prevalence
population found to have
a condition
875. Proportion of negative Negative predictive value
test results that are true
negatives
876. Proportion of positive test Positive predictive value
results that are true
positives
877. Prostate carcinoma (tx) Flutamide
878. ___ protects erythrocytes Vitamin E
from oxidative damage
leading to hemolysis
879. Protein aggregates in Neurofibrillary tangles
neurons from (Alzheimer's disease and
hyperphosphorylation of Creuzfeldt Jakob disease)
protein tau
880. Protein aggregates in Neurofibrillary tangles
neurons from (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
hyperphosphorylation of
protein tau
881. PSA is a glycoprotein that Prostate adenocarcinoma
is a marker for which
cancer (good sensitivity but poor
specificity)
882. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antipseudomonal penicillin
(tx) (amoxacillin, ampicillin, epicillin,
piperacillin, ticaracillin,
carbenacillin) + aminoglycoside
883. Pseudopalisading tumor Glioblastoma multiforme
cells on brain biopsy
884. Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis Horner's syndrome
(sympathetic chain lesion)
885. Pulmonary arterial
hypertension (idiopathic) (tx)
886. Pulmonary hypertension
887. Pulmonary presentation in
AIDS w/ coinfection
888. Pulmonary presentation in
AIDS w/ compressed IVC
889. Pulmonary presentation in
AIDS w/ lung collapse
890. Pulmonary presentation in an
AIDS w/ fever of unknow
origin, night sweats
891. Pupil accommodates but
doesn't react
892. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
inhibited by ___ and ___ in
fasting state
893. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
relies on whcih vitamin
cofactor
894. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
stimulated by ___ and ___ in
fed state
895. Pyruvate kinase stimulated
during ___; inhibited during
___
896. RAA system activation during
hemorrhage results in
release of __________ from the
heart
897. RAA system activation during
hemorrhage results in
release of ___________ from the
pituitary
898. RAA system activation during
hemorrhage results in
resoprtion of
899. RAA system is activated
during hemorrhage because
of
900. Radical injury by
acetominophen occurs at
which organs
901. Rapidly progressive leg
weakness that ascends
(following GI/ upper
respiratory infection)
902. Rash on palms and soles
Sildenafil, bosentan, 903. Ratio of the odds Odds ratio
epoprostenal occuring in one group
vs. the odds occuring in
COPD
another group
CMV
904. RBC casts in urine Acute glomerulonephritis
905. ___ reacts with bilirubin Glucuronic acid
Cryptococcus
to produce conjugated
bilirubin
Pneumocystis
906. Rectangular, crystal-like, Reinke crystals (Leydig cell
cytoplasmic inclusions in tumor)
Tuberculosis Leydig cells
Mycobacteria Avium
907. Recurrent attacks of Acute intermittent porphyria
Intracellulare
abdominal pain, urine
Argyll Robertson pupil turns red-wine
(neurosyphilis)
908. Recurrent colds, unusual Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's
Acetyl CoA, NADH (from eczema, high serum IgE syndrome: neutrophil
fat oxidation) chemotaxis abnormality)
909. Recurrent Buerger's disease (strongly
Thiamin (B1) inflammation/thrombosis associated with tobacco)
of small/medium vessels
(Be 1 Pyro) in extremities
Insulin, ADP 910. Red "currant jelly" Klebsiella pneumoniae
sputum in alcoholic or
diabetic patients
stimulated during 911. Red, itchy, swollen rash Paget's disease of the breast
glycolysis; inhibited during of nipple/areola (represents underlying
gluconeogenesis neoplasm)
ANP 912. Red urine in the Paroxysmal nocturnal
morning, fragile RBCs hemoglobinuria
913. Reinke crystals are Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
characteristic of what
ADH tumor?
914. Relative risk [a/(a+b)]/[c/(c+d)]
915. Removes an erroneous DNA Glycosylase
nucleiotide in BER (base
Na+ resorption in kidneys
excision repair)
916. Renal blood flow RBF = RPF / (1 - Hct)
Dec renal blood flow 917. Renal cell carcinoma von Hippel-Lindau disease
Catecholamine stimulation (bilateral), (dominant tumor suppressor
hemangioblastomas, gene mutation)
angiomatosis,
Liver and Kidney
pheochromocytoma
918. Renal epithelial casts in Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
urine
Guillain-Barre syndrome
(autoimmune acute 919. Renal tumor Renal cell carcinoma: associated
inflammatory demyelinating with von Hippel-Lindau and
polyneuropathy) adult polycystic kidney disease;
paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO,
Coxsackie A, secondary
renin, PTH, ACTH)
syphilis, Rocky Mountain
spotted fever
920. Replaces a nucleiotide in DNA Polymerase 937. The role of the two Fibrin and plasma fibronectin ->
the empty space during different tyeps of clotting -> Fibroblasts secrete
BER fibronectin in protease -> plasma fibronectin
healing is that breakdown -> Fibroblasts laydown
921. Resistance R = driving pressure/flow
cellular fibronectin -> insoluble
R = 8η (viscosity) x length /
matrix
(∏r^4)
938. S3 (protodiastolic Increased ventricular filling (L --> R
922. Resting tremor, rigidity, Parkinson's disease
gallop) shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure
akinesia, postural instability (nigrostriatal dopamine
[CHF])
depletion)
939. S4 (presystolic Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic
923. Retinal hemorrhage in a Shaken Syndrome
gallop) stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
child with some forms of
trauma perhaps 940. Salt retention with 11-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase
hypetension deficiency
924. Retinal hemorrhages with Roth's spots (bacterial
pale centers endocarditis) 941. Schistosomiasis, Fish Praziquantel
tapeworm, Taenia
925. Reye's Syndrome: serum ___ Serum transaminase elevated
solium, Clonorchis
elevated
infections (tx)
926. R-form Hb: ___ O2 affinity High
942. Schizophrenia 5-HT(2A) antagonists (e.g. second-
(low/high)
(negative symptoms) generation antipsychotics-
927. Rhomboid crystals, Pseudogout (calcium (tx) aripiprazole, amisulpride, clozapine,
positively birefringent pyrophosphate dihydrate) olanzapine...)
928. Rib notching Coarctation of the aorta 943. Schizophrenia D2 receptor antagonists (e.g. first-
929. Riboflavin's active forms: ___ FAD and FMN (positive symptoms) and second-generation
and ___ (tx) antipsychotics)

930. Rickettsia rickettsii (tx) Doxycycline, 944. Scurvy: tensile lack of cross-bridges (which req.
chloramphenicol (especially strength of collagen vitamin C)
in context of aplastic anemia) weakened due to ___

931. Right heart failure due to a Cor pulmonale 945. Seals the nucleiotide DNA Ligase
pulmonary cause into it's space in the
strand during BER
932. Right shift of the oxygen less affinity of Hb for O2
dissociation curve means 946. Secondary Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney
hyperparathyroidism disease
933. Ring-enhancing brain lesion Toxoplasma gondii
in AIDS 947. Sensitivity Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)

934. Ring-enhancing brain Toxoplasma gondii 948. The sequence of DNA Helicase removes the
lesions in AIDS BER and NER is only erroneous base pairs in NER, in BER
different because it is DNA Glycosylase
935. Ringworm infections (tx) Terbinafine, griseofulvin,
imidazole
(both systems then use DNA
936. Risk of developing disease Relative ratio Polymerase and DNA Ligase to
relative to exposure complete repair)
949. Severe fasting Von Gierke's
hypoglycemia,
ketosis,
hyperlipidemia,
lactic acidosis,
hepatorenomegaly
950. Severe jaundice in Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital
neonate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
951. Severe RLQ pain McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
with rebound
tenderness
952. Sexually transmitted Chlamydia (usually coinfected 969. Slow, progressive muscle Becker's muscular dystrophy
disease with gonorrhea) weakness in boys (X-linked missense mutation in
dystrophin; less severe than
953. Sezary cells = ? Sezary cells are the lobed-
Duchenne's)
brainlike nuclei that are
characteristic for mycosis 970. Small, irregular red spots Koplik spots (measles;
fungoides on buccal/lingual mucosa rubeola virus)
with blue-white centers
954. Sheets of medium-sized Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-
lymphoid cells ("starry myc activation, associated with 971. Smooth, flat, moist white Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
sky" appearance on EBV; "black sky" made up of lesions on genitals
histology) malignant cells)
972. Smooth muscle contraction Ca2+-calmodulin complex
955. Sheets of medium-sized Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14) c- from results from myosin-
lymphoid cells ("starry myc activation, associated with light-chain kinase,
sky" appearance on EBV; "black sky" made up of activated by ___
histology) malignant cells)
973. Smudge cells are CLL
956. Short, branched Glycoproteins classically associated with Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
oligosaccharides what disease? "old people see all writing as
attached to protein smudges"
957. Short-chain fatty acid Direct 974. "Soap bubble" in femur or Giant cell tumor of bone
absorption: tibia on x-ray (generally benign)
958. Short stature, Inc Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss 975. Soap bubble in femur or Giant cell tumor of bone
incidence of of DNA crosslink repair; often tibia on x-ray (generally benign)
tumors/leukemia, progresses to AML)
976. The source of diastolic HTN Pheochromocytoma
aplastic anemia
in a patient with
959. SIADH Small cell carcinoma of the lung Neurofibromatosis is likely
to be
960. SIADH (tx) Demeclocycline (a tetracycline),
lithium, vasopressin receptor 977. Specificity Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
antagonists (-vaptan drugs)
978. Sphingomyelins found in nerve tissue, blood
961. Sickle cell anemia (tx) Hydroxyurea (increases fetal ___ and ___
hemoglobin)
979. "Spikes" on basement Membranous
962. Silver-staining spherical Pick bodies (Pick's disease: membrane, "dome-like" glomerulonephritis (may
aggregation of tau progressive dementia, changes subepithelial deposits progress to nephrotic
proteins in neurons in personality) syndrome)
963. Similar to Marfan Homocystinuria 980. Spikes on basement Membranous
syndrome: dislocated membrane, "dome-like" glomerulonephritis (may
lens, arachnodactyly, subepithelial deposits progress to nephrotic
eunuchoid features syndrome)
964. Single palm crease Simian crease (Down syndrome) 981. Splinter hemorrhages in Bacterial endocarditis
fingernails
965. Site of atherosclerosis Abdominal aorta > coronary >
popliteal > carotid 982. Sporothrix schenckii (tx) Oral potassium chloride
966. Site of diverticula Sigmoid colon 983. Squamous metaplasia in Nyctalopia (night blindness)
the eyes due to VitA def
967. Situs inversus, chronic Kartagener's syndrome (dynein
results in
sinusitis, bronchiectasis, arm defect affecting cilia)
infertility 984. Squamous metaplasia in Vitamin A deficiency
the eyes or the bronchus
968. Skin hyperpigmentation Addison's disease (primary
may results from
adrenocortical insufficiency
causes Inc ACTH and alpha- 985. Stable angina (tx) Sublingual nitroglycerin
MSH production)
986. Stacks of red blood cells Rouleaux formation (high ESR,
multiple myeloma)
987. Staphylococcus aureus (Tx) MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, 1005. Swollen gums, mucous Scurvy (vitamin C
dicloxacillin bleeding, poor wound deficiency: can't
(antistaphylococcal healing, spots on skin hydroxylate proline/lysine
penicillins); for collagen synthesis)
MRSA: vancomycin
1006. Swollen, hard, painful finger Osteoarthritis (osteophytes
988. Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Chronic joints on PIP [Bouchard's nodes],
disease resulting in absent Granulomatousis DIP [Heberden's nodes])
NADPH
1007. Systolic ejection murmur Aortic valve stenosis
989. Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Male (crescendo-decrescendo)
disease resulting in male with pseudohermaphroditism
1008. t(8;14) Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc
testicular feminization and
activation)
cryptorchidism
1009. t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome,
990. Stimulator of gluconeogenesis Citrate
CML (bcr-abl fusion)
991. Stippled vaginal epithelial cells "Clue cells" (Gardnerella
1010. t(14;18) Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2
vaginalis)
activation)
992. Stippled vaginal epithelial cells Clue cells (Gardnerella
1011. Tay sachs Disease presents GM2 Gangliosides have
vaginalis)
with a Cherry Red Macula accumulated in the CNS
993. Stomach cancer Adenocarcinoma because
994. Stomach ulcerations and high Zollinger-Ellison 1012. Tay Sachs Disease takes what Auto Recess
gastrin levels syndrome (gastrinoma inheritance pattern in Ash
of duodenum or Jews
pancreas)
1013. Temporal arteritis Risk of ipsilateral blindness
995. Storage form of iron in intestinal Ferritin due to thrombosis of
mucosa, liver, spleen, BM ophthalmic artery;
polymyalgia rhuematica
996. Strawberry tongue Scarlet fever, Kawasaki
disease, toxic shock 1014. Temporal arteritis (tx) High-dose steroids
syndrome
1015. Tennis racket granules = ? Bierbeck Granules are seen
997. Streak ovaries, congenital heart Turner syndrome (45XO, on electron microscopy in
disease, horseshoe kidney, short stature, webbed patients with
cystic hygroma at birth neck, lymphedema) LANGERHANS CELL
HISTIOCYTOSIS
998. Street drug, dec uptake of Cocaine
DOPA and NOR 1016. "Tennis-racket"-shaped Birbeck granules
cytoplasmic organelles (EM) (histiocytosis X:
999. Streptococcus bovis (tx) Penicillin prophylaxis;
in Langerhans cells eosinophilic granuloma)
evaluation for colon
cancer if linked to 1017. Tennis-racket-shaped Birbeck granules
endocarditis cytoplasmic organelles (EM) (histiocytosis X:
in Langerhans cells eosinophilic granuloma)
1000. Streptococcus pneumoniae (tx) Penicillin/cephalosporin
(systemic infection, 1018. A testicular cancer is found. Biopsy it-due to risk of
pneumonia), What should you almost seeding the scrotum during
vancomycin (meningitis) never do? What are most removal via radical
testicular tumors orchiectomy
1001. Streptococcus pyogenes (tx) Penicillin prophylaxis
statistically? Most testicular tumors are
1002. Stroke volume SV = end diastolic malignant germ cell tumors
volume - end systolic
1019. Testicular tumor Seminoma
volume
1020. T-form Hb: ___ O2 affinity Low
1003. Strongyloides stercoralis Ivermectin
(low/high)
infection or River blindness
(onchocerca volvulus) (tx) 1021. Thalassemia patients have a Plasmodium falciparum
causative inherited mutation malaria
1004. Sudden swollen/painful big toe Gout/podagra
that protects them against
joint, tophi (hyperuricemia)
what?
1022. Thrombi made of white/red layers Lines of Zahn (arterial 1039. TRAP = ? Tartrate resistant acid phosphotase
thrombus, layers of
platelets/RBCs) Characteristic cell marker for Hairy
Cell Leukemia
1023. "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray Epiglottitis
(Haemophilus
Cells get TRAPPED in the BONE
influenzae)
MARROW and they get TRAPPED in
1024. Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray Epiglottitis the SPLEEN so they can't be
(Haemophilus trapped in the lymph nodes -> there
influenzae) is no lymphadenopathy associated
1025. Thymidine dimers in skin must be NER 1040. Treponema pallidum Penicillin
repaired by DNA repair enzymes (tx)
via what process
1041. Triacylglcerol esterification
1026. Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, MEN 2A (autosomal formed by ___ of
pheochromocytoma dominant ret mutation) fatty acids
1027. Thyroid cancer Papillary carcinoma 1042. Trichomonas Metronidazole (patient and partner)
1028. Thyroid-like appearance of Chronic bacterial vaginalis (tx)
kidney pyelonephritis 1043. Triglyceride Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or
1029. Thyroid tumors, MEN 2B (autosomal accumulation in liver metabolic syndrome)
pheochromocytoma, dominant ret mutation) cell vacuoles
ganglioneuromatosis 1044. True/False: Benign FALSE!!! No increased risk for
1030. Tissue that replaces a fibrin clot Granulation tissue prostatic hyperplasia cancer
during wound healing is associated with
increased risk for
1031. Toe extension/fanning upon Babinski sign (UMN
cancer.
plantar scrape lesion)
1045. True/False: FALSE-they arise de novo
1032. Tonic-clonic seizures (Tx) Phenytoin, valproate,
Leiomyosarcomas
carbamazepine
typically arise from
1033. Total calorie deprivation (not Marasmus leiomyomas.
"starvation")
1046. True/False: FALSE (CIN I often regresses)
1034. Toxoplasma gondii (tx) Sulfadiazine + Progression is
pyrimethamine inevitable in the
1035. "Tram-track" appearance on LM Membranoproliferative various stages of
glomerulonephritis cervical
intraepithelial
1036. Tram-track appearance on LM Membranoproliferative neoplasia (CIN).
glomerulonephritis
1047. Trypanosoma cruzi Nifurtimox
1037. Transferase reactions in the liver Amine group (NH2) is infection (Chagas'
occur when which two molecular switched in place of a disease) (tx)
components are switched Keto group (=o)
between molecules 1048. Tumor in women Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent,
not precancerous)
1038. Transketolase in HMP is Thiamine
dependent on ___ 1049. Tumor of infancy Hemangioma (usually regresses
spontaneously by childhood)
1050. Tumor of the adrenal Pheochromocytoma (usually
medulla (adults) benign)
1051. Tumor of the adrenal Neuroblastoma (malignant)
medulla (kids)
1052. TuNewborn female with Turner's syndrome 1072. Vitamin Fat solubles vitamins:
edema of the hands and supplments that DEAK
feet, a cytic mass in the are needed in a
neck, and 45XO karyotype patient with CF
1053. Turner's syndrome is due X (no XX in a female) 1073. VLDL contain Liver-derived TGs and cholesterol
to mostly ___ and ___
1054. Type of Hodgkin's Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed 1074. Volume of Vd= (amount of drug in the body) /
cellularity, lymphocytic distribution (plasma drug concentration)
predominance, lymphocytic
1075. Vomiting blood Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic
depletion)
following and bulimic patients)
1055. Type of non-Hodgkin's Diffuse large cell esophagogastric
lacerations
1056. Ulcerative colitis (tx) 5-ASA, infliximab
1076. Von Hippel Lindau Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma and
1057. Unilateral facial drooping Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII
disease is most Renal adenocarcinoma
involving forehead palsy)
likely to present
1058. The urethral folds fail to Hypospadias with
close..what will the
1077. Warfarin inhibits epoxide reductase
resulting problem be?
___ to decrease Vit-
1059. Urethritis, conjunctivitis, Reactive arthritis associated K coagulation
arthritis in a male with HLA-B27 factors
1060. Urine turns black on Alkaptonuria (AR) 1078. Warfarin toxicity Fresh frozen plasma (acute), Vitamin K
standing, degenerative (tx) (chronic)
arthritis of spine, hip, knee
1079. Waxy casts with Chronic end-stage renal disease
1061. UTI E. coli, Staphylococcus very low urine flow
saprophyticus (young women)
1080. WBC casts in urine Acute pyelonephritis
1062. UTI prophylaxis (tx) TMP-SMX
1081. WBCs that looked CLL (almost always B cell; affects the
1063. Vascular birthmark (port- Hemangioma (benign, but "smudged" elderly)
wine stain) associated with Sturge-Weber
1082. WBCs that look CLL (almost always B cell; affects the
syndrome)
"smudged" elderly)
1064. vasopressin: G_ >> ___ vasopressin: Gq >>
1083. Wegener's Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
(protein) >> ___ (second phospholipase C >> IP3 + DAG
granulomatosis
messenger)
with polyangiitis
1065. Viral encephalitis affecting HSV-1 (tx)
temporal lobe
1084. Weight loss, Whipple's disease (Tropheryma
1066. Viral hepatitis: ___ > ___ ALT > AST diarrhea, arthritis, whippelii)
(LFTs) fever, adenopathy
1067. Vitamin A toxicity may Inc intracranial pressure 1085. What are Brenner Brenner tumors are surface epithelial
result in Hypercalcemia tumors and are tumors that are composed of
1068. Vitamin C: hydroxylation Proline, lysine they cancerous? bladder-like epithelium and are
of ___ and ___ in collagen usually benign
synthesis
1069. Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) Folic acid (pregnant women
are at high risk; body stores
only 3- to 4-month supply;
prevents neural tube defects)
1070. Vitamin E toxicity results in decreased levels of vitamin K
dependent factors
1071. Vitamin K is activated by epoxide reductase
___ in the liver
1086. What are classic Fibroblasts behind the orbit and 1095. What are the three precursor 1. Bowen disease =
findings in overlying shin express the TSH in situ lesions that can lead to LEUKOPLAKIA
Grave's disease receptor. TSH activation results in squamous cell carcinoma? 2. Erythroplasia of Queyrat
and how do they glycosaminoglycan buildup(chondroitin How does each present? = ERYTHROPLAKIA
develop? sulfate and hyaluronic acid), 3. Bowenoid papulosis =
inflammation, fibrosis, and edema muiltiple reddish papules
leading to exopthalmos and pretibial
1096. What are the three P's of 1. Pink
myxedema.
Parietal cells? 2. Produce protons (acid)
1087. What are E6 and High risk HPV (16/18/31/33) produces 3. Pernicious anemia
E7 proteins? E6, which causes the destruction of p53
1097. What are the two most t(12;21) has a good
What organism and results in the loss of bacs/bcl2
common translocations that prognosis -> commonly
makes them? apoptosis ability, as well as E7, which
lead to ALL and what groups seen in children (especially
destroys Rb and causes an excess of
are they seen in? Down syndrome patients
E2F which is used by the cell to move
after age 5)
into the G1/S phase
1088. What are Endometrioid tumors are surface t(9;22) has a poor
endometrioid epithelium tumors that are composed prognosis -> commonly
tumors and what of endometrial-like glands and are seen in adults (Philadelphia
are associated usually malignant. chromosome)
with?
1098. What can be caused by a Pseudomyxoma peritonei
15% of endometrioid carcinomas of the
mucinous tumor of the
ovary are associated with an
appendix?
independent endometrial carcinoma
1099. What cancer can present with BASOPHILLY -> Philly
1089. What are Pautrier Aggregates of neoplastic cells in the
basophilia? What is the first chromosome -> CML
microabscesses? epidermis commonly associated with
line treatment? What can this
mycosis fungoides
cancer transform into? Tx: imatinib ->blocks
1090. What are some Oligomenorrhea tyrosine kinase activity
less intuitive Hypocholesterolemia
clinical features Hyperglycemia Can transform into AML or
of ALL since the mutation is in
hyperthyroidism? a pluripotent stem cell
1091. What are some Smoking and immunodeficiency 1100. What causes condyloma? Most commonly due to
secondary risk (cervical carcinoma is an AIDS defining HPV types 6 or 11
factors for illness)
1101. What causes mantle cell cyclin D1 overexpression
cervical
lymphoma? promotes G1/S transition in
carcinoma?
the cell cycle, which
1092. What are the PANCREATIC ENDOCRINE facilitates neoplastic
components of NEOPLASMS, parathyroid hyperplasia, proliferation
MEN1 Syndrome and pituitary adenomas
1102. What change in pCO2 causes Increased pCO2
1093. What are the Squamous cell carcinoma and cervical a right shift in the oxygen
most common carcinoma -> BOTH TYPES ARE dissociation curve
subtypes of RELATED TO HPV INFECTION
1103. What change in pCO causes Decreased pCO
cervical
a right shift in the oxygen
carcinoma? What
dissociation curve (pCO outcompetes O2 for
are they caused
binding to Hb)
by?
1104. What change in pH causes a Decreased pH
1094. What are the NEG of large and medium sized vessels
right shift in the oxygen
most critical leading to atherosclerosis
dissociation curve (acidosis -> decreased
cardiovascular NEG of small vessels leading to hyaline
delivery of O2 to tissues for
long term arteriosclerosis (PARTICULARLY IN THE
this reason)
consequences of RENAL ARTERIOLES LEADING TO
DM? GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS)
1105. What change in
temperature causes a
right shift in the oxygen
dissociation curve
1106. What change in the 2,3-
DPG levels in RBCs would
cause a right shift in the
oxygen dissociation curve
1107. What chromosomal
abnormality causes
follicular lymphoma?
1108. What disease presents as
a tender thyroid with
transient
hyperthyroidism?
1109. What distinguishes
follicular adenoma from
follicular carcinoma?
What study will not be
helpful with this I.D.? How
does metastasis usually
occur?
1110. What do the
electrophoresis results
from a Beta-Thalassemia
major patient show?
1111. What group represents
the most common class of
patients to develop Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia?
1112. What hormone should be
teted for in a child who is
thought to have
precocious puberty
1113. What in the female
genital system typically
presents as multiple, well-
defined, white, whorled
masses? What problems
are caused by this lesion?
1114. What is a benign
proliferation of follicles
surrounded by a fibrous
capsule in the thyroid?
Increased temperature 1115. What is a characteristic type of MALToma is marginal
Marginal Zone Lymphoma zone lymphoma in
tumor? What makes this one of mucosal sites-a gastric
the only curable cancer? MALToma may regress
with treatment of H.
Increased 2,3-DPG
Pylori
1116. What is a common cause of Hydronephrosis with
death in advanced cervical postrenal failure
carcinoma?
t(14;18) -> "Four"licullar
1117. What is a common cause of Small cell carcinoma of
BCL2 on chromosome 18 SIADH? the lung (oat cell
translocates to the Ig heavy carcinoma)
chain locus on chromosome 14
1118. What is a critical complication Iron deficiency anemia
Subacute Granulomatous (De of Paroxysmal Nocturnal and Acute Myeloid
Quervain) Thyroiditis Hemoglobinuria? Leukemia
1119. What is a critical limitation of Inadequate sampling of
the Pap smear? the transformation zone
Invasion through the capsule- (CAUSES A FALSE
FNA won't help NEGATIVE SCREENING)
1120. What is a great treatment for 2-CDA (cladribine) which
Metastasis usually occurs
hairy cell leukemia? is adenosine deaminase
through hematogenous spread
inhibitor (causes
adenosine to accumulate
to toxic levels in
Little or no hemoglobin alpha neoplastic B cells)
1121. What is a Krukenberg tumor Metastatic mucinous
and what is it most commonly tumor that involves both
due to? What is a characteristic ovaries and most
Most commonly arises in finding on histology? commonly is due to
children and is associated with METASTATIC GASTRIC
Down Syndrome that USUALLY CARCINOMA
DEVELOPS AFTER THE AGE
OF 5 YEARS -> "down Signet Ring Cells
syndrome kids always want ALL
1122. What is a major risk factor for Exposure to ionizing
the hugs"
papillary carcinoma of the radiation in childhood
Beta-hCG thyroid?
1123. What is a possible diagnosis for T-ALL
a Thymic mass that presents in
a Teenager? Hint: When kids
Leiomyoma (Fibroids) become teenagers, suddenly
Usually asymptomatic but they may become very what?
mucosal fibroids can cause
1124. What is a testicular tumor that Embryonal carcinoma
fertility issues
produces glands? What is an Chemotherapy may result
unfortunate result of in differentiation into
treatment? another type of germ cell
Follicular adenoma tumor
1125. What is Hypothyoidism in neonates and infants that 1132. What is sideroblastic Anemia due to defective
cretinism? is characterized by MENTAL anemia? protoporphyrin synthesis
What causes RETARDATION, SHORT STATURE,
1133. What is the adrenal Neural crest derived
it? ENLARGED TONGUE, AND UMBILICAL
medulla composed of? chromaffin cells
HERNIA
1134. What is the classic Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Causes include maternal hypothyroidism diagnosis for crystal
during early pregnancy, thyroid agenesis, aggregates of MPO seen Auer Rods
dyshormonogenetic goiter (DUE TO on histology? What are
CONGENITAL DEFECT IN THYROID these aggregates called?
HORMONE PRODUCTION THAT MOST 1135. What is the classic sign for Decreased uptake (cold
COMMONLY INVOLVES THYROID thyroid neoplasia? nodule) on 131Iodine uptake
PEROXIDASE), and iodine deficiency. studies
1126. What is HELLP Preeclampsia with thrombotic 1136. What is the diagnosis when Snowstorm = hydatidiform
Syndrome? microangiopathy involving the liver a snowstorm appearance is mole
seen on ultrasound? What
HELLP = Hemolysis, Elevated Liver about a string of pearls? String of pearls = PCOS
Enzymes, and Low Platelets
1137. What is the etiology of HPV -> VIN (typically age 40-
1127. What is The presence of PLASMA CELLS in the vulvar carcinoma? 50)
necessary for endometrium Non-HPV -> Long standing
the diagnosis lichen sclerosis
of chronic
1138. What is the most classic Neoplastic proliferation of
endometritis?
characteristic of Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cells (large B
1128. What is Increased numbers of circulating Lymphoma? cells with multi-lobed nuclei
neutrophilic neutrophils and prominent nucleoli ->
leukocytosis? Owl's Eyes) that are classically
What can Bacterial infection or tissue necrosis can positive for CD15 and CD 30
cause it? cause this and many of these circulating
1139. What is the most common Infection due to
PMN's are immature (LEFT SHIFT): THESE
cause of death in CLL? hypogammaglobulinemia
IMMATURE CELLS ARE CHARACTERIZED
Whose fault is this?
BY DECREASED Fc RECEPTORS (CD16)
It's all the fault of the No-
1129. What is often Secondary diabetes mellitus (GH induces Good-Lazy-Sonofabitch-
present in the liver gluconeogenesis) Plasma-Cells-That-Don't-
case of Want-To-Work
growth
hormone cell CLL happens in old people
adenoma? who often travel to their
1130. What is Prostate BIOPSY -> shows small invasive vacation homes in the lymph
required to glands with PROMINENT NUCLEOLI node islands and become
confirm the SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC
presence of LYMPHOMA
prostatic 1140. What is the most common Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk
carcinoma? germ cell tumor in sac tumor)
What is found children? What is that
in this test? characteristic finding on Schiller-Duval Bodies
1131. What is Pregnancy related infarction of the pituitary histology? What is the
Sheehan gland that typically presents as LOSS OF classic finding on serum Elevated serum AFP
syndrome? PUBIC HAIR and fatigue studies?
How does it 1141. What is the most common Cystic teratoma
typically "Shehan no pubes last time I checked" germ cell tumor in 1. Presence of immature tissue
present? females? It is usually that is USUALLY NEURAL
benign, but what 2. Somatic malignancy that is
characteristics can indicate USUALLY SQUAMOUS
malignant potential? CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN
1142. What is the most common
testicular tumor in
children?
1143. What is the most
important predictor for
endometrial hyperplasia
progressing to
carcinoma?
1144. What is the rule of 10's for
pheochromocytoma?
1145. What is the term for
malignant epithelial cells
in the epidermis of the
vulva? What must this be
distinguished from and
how?
1146. What is the treatment for
growth hormone cell
adenoma?
1147. What mutation is
myelofibrosis associated
with? Clinical features
include what?
1148. What often presents as
third trimester bleeding?
1149. What organism can cause
a lymphocytic
leukocytosis? How does it
do this?
1150. What organisms cause
orchitis in young adults?
In older patients? In
teenage males
1151. What physical finding
most commonly occurs in
cases of Acute Monocytic
Leukemia?
Yolk sac tumor
PRESENCE OF CELLULAR
ATYPIA
10% bilatera
10% familial
10% malignant
10% located outside the adrenal
medulla (LIKE IN THE
BLADDER WALL OR THE
ORGAN OF ZUCKERLAND AT
THE INFERIOR MESENTERIC
ARTERY ROOT)
Extramammary Paget Disease -
>must be distinguished from
melanoma (PAGET IS KERATIN
NEGATIVE)
Paget cells: PAS(+), Keratin (+),
S100(-)
Melanoma: PAS(-), Keratin (-),
S100(+)
Octreotide-somatostatin
analog tht suppresses GH
release
JAK2 Kinase mutation
Splenomegaly due to
extramedullary hematopoiesis
Placenta previa
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Bacteria produce
lymphocytosis-promoting
factor, which blocks circulating
lymphocytes from leaving the
blood to enter the lymph node
Young = chlamydia or
gonorrhea
Old = E. Coli and Pseudomonas
Teenage males = mumps virus
Blasts characteristically infiltrate
gums and cause tooth
degeneration and loss
1152. What presents as a crew This is massive erythroid
cut appearance on x-ray? hyperplasia causing expansion
of hematopoiesis into the skull
which can occur in alpha and
beta thalassemia.
1153. What presents as a grape- Embryonal
like mass protruding from rhabdomyosarcoma-a
the vagina or penis of a malignant mesenchymal
child? proliferation of IMMATURE
What are the histological SKELETAL MUSCLE that is also
findings? known as SARCOMA
BOTRYOIDES
Rhabdomyoblasts exhibit
CYTOPLASMIC CROSS
STRIATIONS and positive
staining for DESMIN AND
MYOGLOBIN
1154. What should be done in Orchiopexy should be
the case of a persistent performed before 2 years of
undescended testicle? age due to risk for seminoma
1155. What strains of HPV are 6, 11, 16, and 18
covered by the
quadrivalent vaccine?
1156. What testicular tumor Seminoma (embryonal
typically forms a carcinomas of the testicles are
homogeneous mass with often hemorrhagic and
no hemorrhage or necrotic)
necrosis? What hormone -may rarely produce Beta-hCG
may be produced?
1157. What three locations does 1. Oropharynx
EBV primarily infect? 2. Liver
3. B Cells
1158. What three things can 1. Type I HS Allergic Reactions
cause Eosinophilia? 2. Parasitic Infections
3. Hodgkin Lymphoma
1159. What typically causes Alpha = GENE DELETION
Alpha-Thalassemia? Beta = GENE MUTATIONS
What typically causes
Beta-Thalassemia?
1160. When is supplemental paO2 less than 60mmhg
oxygen indicated
1161. Where are beta cells in In the center
the islets of Langerhans?
1162. Where does BPH occur? It typically occurs in the
central periurethral zone of
the prostate
1163. Where does HPV The transformation zone.
especially infect?
1164. Where does iron In the duodenum where the
absorption occur? enterocytes have DMT1 heme
transporters
1165. Where does the left
testicular vein drain vs the
right one? What is
associated with this
drainage?
1166. Where does vaginal
carcinoma spread to?
1167. Where is folate absorbed?
1168. Where is vWF derived
from?
1169. Which is stronger, the
genetic predisposition for
DM type 1 or 2?
1170. Who gets APL and what is
the issue associated with
it?
1171. Why does PSA have good
sensitivity but poor
specificity for prostate
adenocarcinoma
1172. Wire loop glomerular
appearance on LM
1173. "Wire loop" glomerular
appearance on LM
1174. Woman with <15% of ideal
body weight, amenorrhea,
decreased GnRH and
gonadotropins,
osteoporosis
1175. Worst headache of my life
1176. Xeroderma Pigmentosa hs
an ________ mode of
inheritence
1177. ___(XLR) deficient in a-
galactosidase
1178. Yellow CSF
Left drains to left renal vein 1179. Yellow skinned They do not have yellow eyes like a
while right drains directly to patient with Beta- jaundiced patient would
the IVC -> left-sided renal cell carotinemia will
carcinoma often invades the be
renal vein distinguishable
from jaundiced
Spreads to regional lymph
patient b/c
nodes:
1180. Zafirlukast: ___ Leukotrine receptor antagonist
Lower 2/3 of Vagina: antagonist
INGUINAL NODES
1181. Zebra bodies are
Upper 1/3 of Vagina: ILIAC
seen in electron
NODES
microscopy of
In the jejunum Lysosomes in
which disease
Weibel-Palade bodies of
endothelial cells and alpha
granules of platelets
Type 2
Niemann Pick Disease
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (fatty deposits in spleen, liver and brain)
is considered A MEDICAL
EMERGENCY DUE TO RISK 1182. Zileuton inhibits Lipoxygenase
FOR DIC ___
t(15;17)-translocation of retinoic
acid receptor on 17 to 15 -> this
blocks maturation and
promyelocytes accumulate
Because it is also found during
prostate hyperplasia
Lupus nephropathy
Lupus nephropathy
Anorexia nervosa
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
AR
Fabry's Disease (XLR)
Xanthochromia (previous
subarachnoid hemorrhage)