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RCM provides a decision framework to select the most appropriate maintenance policies to
improve reliability of the asset (Rausand, 1998).
RCM
BENCHMARKING
According to (Eti et al., 2006) benchmarking has been promoted as a technique that when
implemented brings improvements in quality, productivity and efficiency to an organisations
business processes by learning from the reasons for other organisations successes and the
application of these practices in one’s firm. In ensuring the maintainability and reliability of
equipment, benchmarking can also be a useful tool.
FMEA
The FMEA can be extended to an FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis) by
adding a criticallity analysis. In this way, the purely qualitative FMEA can be made more
quantitative. In FMECA, the criticality of each failure mode is quantified by the risk priority
number (RPN). The RPN is the product of three indexes: (1) a severity rate (S), (2) an
occurrence rate (O) and (3) a detection rate (D) of a failure. These indexes are usually rated on
a scale from 1 to 10 or from 1 to 5 (see, e.g. Tinga, 2013). The severity of a failure refers to the
seriousness of the effect or impact of a certain failure. The severity rate is rates from low
impact (e.g. 1 on a scale 1 to 10) to very high impact (e.g. 10 on a scale 1 to 10). The
occurrence rate of a failure refers to relative frequency of occurrence of the failure. The
occurrence rate should be rated from unlikely to occur (e.g. 1 on a scale 1 to 10) to almost
inevitable (e.g. 10 on a scale of 1 to 10). Finally, the detectability index refers to the likelihood
that the failure can be detected before it induces major subsequent effects (e.g. by means of
process controls, procedures or operator detectability). The detectability rate should be rated
from almost sure detection (e.g. 1 on a scale 1 to 10) to almost sure non-detection (e.g. 10 on
a scale of 1 to 10).
Maintenance policies
As políticas reativas podem ser vistas como atuando de acordo com uma "abordagem de
combate ao fogo" em que as ações de manutenção são baseadas em falhas reais.
As políticas agressivas, finalmente, têm como objetivo melhorar o sistema para evitar falhas
(por exemplo, ações de redesign).
A manutenção oportunista reconhece essas máquinas como oportunidades para realizar ações
de manutenção preventiva para otimizar o custo ou a disponibilidade do sistema.