Direct Current Generator / Penjana arus terus

•Sisi AB bergerak ……………, sisi CD bergerak ke …...

……..
Bila gegelung berputar, sisinya memotong garisan daya
medan magnet dan arah arus aruhan melalui gegelung

adalah…………………….
Commutator: reverses the connections of the coil with the Jarum galvanometer akan terpesong ………………………….
external circuit after every half cycle, so that the current in
the outside circuit always flows in the same direction. iii)At 180°
Komutator menyongsangkan sambungan gegelung dengan
litar luar setiap separuh kitar, supaya arus di litar luar
mengalir dalam arah yang sama

• The sides AB and CD are moving ……………….to the

magnetic field and thus do not ………..the magnetic field
lines.
No …………. …………..is produced at the instant.

The galvanometer pointer shows ………… mark.

• Sisi AB dan CD bergerak ……………………dengan

i) At 0°
garisan medan magnet, maka tidak ……………………….
garisan medan magnet.
Galvanometer menunjukkan bacaan ……………………….

iv)At 270°

• The sides AB and CD are moving ……………….…….to the

magnetic field lines and thus do not ……...…..the magnetic

field lines.
No ……………………. …………..is produced at the instant.
• Coil AB moves …………., coil CD moves………..
When the coil rotates, its sides cut across the magnetic
The galvanometer pointer shows ………………………mark.
field lines and direction of induced current in the coil is
• Sisi AB dan CD bergerak ………………………….…dengan
……………….
The galvanometer pointer will deflect to ……………
garisan medan magnet, maka tidak ……………………….
The process continues.
garisan medan magnet.
Galvanometer menunjukkan bacaan ……………………….
•Sisi AB bergerak …………, sisi CD bergerak
ke…………...
ii)At 90°
Bila gegelung berputar, sisinya memotong garisan daya
medan magnet dan arah arus aruhan melalui gegelung

adalah…………………….
Jarum galvanometer akan terpesong
……………………….
Proses ini akan berterusan
• Coil AB moves …………., coil CD moves………..
When the coil rotates, its sides cut across the magnetic
field lines and direction of induced current in the coil is

……………….

Galvanometer pointer will deflect to ……………

 When the coil rotates, its sides cut across the magnetic
field lines and direction of induced current in the coil is

…………….

Alternating Current Generator / Penjana arus ulang-alik Direction of current at the outer circuit is from …… to ……

•Sisi AB bergerak ……………, sisi CD bergerak ke …...

……..
Bila gegelung berputar, sisinya memotong garisan daya
medan magnet dan arah arus aruhan melalui gegelung

adalah…………………….
Arah arus dilitar luar adalah dari………. ke …………

• The galvanometer will deflect to ……………

iii)At 180°

i)At 0°
• The sides AB and CD are moving ……………….to the

magnetic field and thus do not ………..the magnetic field

lines.
No …………. …………..is produced at the instant.

The galvanometer shows …………mark.

• The sides AB and CD are moving ……………….to the
• Sisi AB dan CD bergerak ……………………dengan
magnetic field and thus do not ………..the magnetic field
lines. garisan medan magnet, maka tidak ……………………….
No …………. …………..is produced at the instant. garisan medan magnet.
Galvanometer menunjukkan bacaan ……………………….
The galvanometer shows …………mark.
iv)At 270°
• Sisi AB dan CD bergerak ……………………dengan

garisan medan magnet, maka tidak ……………………….

garisan medan magnet.
Galvanometer menunjukkan bacaan ……………………….

ii)At 90°

•Coil AB moves …………., coil CD moves………..

When the coil rotates, its sides cut across the magnetic field

lines and direction of induced current in the coil is…………

Direction of current at the outer circuit is from...… to …....

•Coil AB moves …………., coil CD moves………..
•Sisi AB bergerak ……………, sisi CD bergerak ke …...
……..
Bila gegelung berputar, sisinya memotong garisan daya
medan magnet dan arah arus aruhan melalui gegelung

adalah…………………….
Arah arus dilitar luar adalah dari………. ke …………

Compare direct current and alternating current.

1. A direct current is a 1. An alternating current is a
current that flows in one current which flows to and
direction only in a circuit. fro in two opposite directions
2. The magnitude of a direct in a circuit. It changes its
current may be: direction periodically. (a) Name the principle used in the generator.
(a) constant
(b) changes with time ……………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) Mark the directions of current flow in WX and YZ when

the side WX of the coil is displaced in downwards
direction. [1]
(c) Draw a graph to show the variation with time of the
current in conductor YZ.

A direct current can flow
through a resistor but cannot
flow through a capacitor.
[2]
(d) What happens to the current flows in conductor YZ when
An alternating current can the speed of the coil’s rotations is increased?
flow through both a resistor
and a capacitor. ……………………………………………………………...[1]

2. Fig. 10 shows a simple current generator which consists

of a rectangular coil of wire that rotates at constant speed
between the poles of a permanent magnet.

Both the direct current and alternating current have a heating

effect on the filament of a bulb and can light up the bulb.
Example 1
Figure shows an alternating current with a magnitude that
changes with time.
(a) What is the peak current? Fig 10
(b) What is the period of the a.c. current? (a) Name the type of generator shown in Fig. 10.
(c) What is the frequency of the a.c current?
..………………………………………………………...[1]

(b) Underline the correct answer to complete the

sentence. Fleming (left,right) hand rule is used to
determine the direction of induce current in the coil.
[1]

(c) Figs. 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3 show views from one end
of the coil, when the coil is in different positions.
Questions
1. The diagram shows the structural design of a generator.

Fig. 10.1 Fig. 10.2 Fig. 10.3

Which diagram shows the coil in the position where
 (i) the induced e.m.f. in the coil is at its maximum,
………………………………………………………………….
...........................................................................[1]
.......................................................................................[2]
(ii) the induced e.m.f. in the coil is zero?
(e)State the position of the coil where there is no induced
............................................................................[1] e.m.f. Explain why.

(c)On Fig. 10.4, sketch the graph of e.m.f. against time, for …………………………………………………………………..
one complete rotations of the coil.
........................................................................................[2]

(f)On Fig. 10.4, sketch the graph of e.m.f. against time, for
one complete rotations of the coil.

[2]

(d) Explain why the magnet used in Fig 10 is a curved

magnet.
[2]
……..............................................................................[1] 4.Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the deflection of a
galvanometer when a bar magnet are pushed into two
(e) The current generator shown in Fig. 10 produces a identical solenoids.
small induce current. Suggest to ways to increase the
induce current produce.

………………………………………………………………….

.......................................................................................[2]

3. Fig. 8.1 shows a simple current generator.

Diagram 10.1

Fig. 8.1
(a) Name the part labelled X

………………………………………………………..………[1] Diagram 10.2

(a) What is meant by electromagnetic induction?
(b) Explain why current is induce in the coil when the coil (b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
rotates. (i) State the magnetic pole at end P when the bar
magnets are pushed into the solenoids.
……………………………………………………..……...…[1] (ii) Compare the number of the bar magnets and the
deflection of the galvanometer.
(c) Name the type of generator shown in Fig. 8.1 (c) State the relationship between
(i) The number of bar magnets and the strength of the
...……………………………………………………..………[1] magnetic field
(ii) The strength of the magnetic filed and the deflection of
(d) At the instant shown in Fig. 8.1, the induced e.m.f. is a galvanometer
maximum. Explain why the induced e.m.f. is a maximum. (d) Diagram 10.3 shows an ideal transformer.
 (i) Name the type of transformer.
(ii) Explain how the current is induced in the secondary
coil.
(e) Diagram 10.4 shows a generator.

Diagram 10.4
Suggest modifications that can be made to increase the
output current to the generator in Diagram 10.4. State
and modifications based on the following aspects:
(i) Material used to make the slip ring
(ii) Shape of the magnet
(iii) Number of turns of the coil
(iv) Diameter of the wire of the coil
(v) The speed of rotation [10 marks]