MEKELLE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

SENIOR ESSAY PROPOSAL

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON

VOLLEYBALL SKILLS PARTICULARLLY BETWEEN SECOND YEAR AND THIRD
YEAR SPORT SCIENCE STUDENTS IN THE CASE OF MEKELLE UNIVERSITY

BY: WENDMEY TEMALEW AND DEREJE DABAT

ADVISOR: INSTRACTOR ABRHA G/HIWET

APRIL, 2017
MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and most we would like to praise almighty God for his chirsty kindness and help in all
our life.

Next we would like to my thanks professor Hassrani head of sport science department of
give us this apportunity, and also our adviser instructor Abrha G/hiwet for his assistance .

In providing us the necessary information and communicating our proposal to write and
our great gratitude second year and third year sport science students in mekelle university.

Finally we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our family their supporting
economically and morally.

I
 CONTENTS

TOPCS PAGE

1.Unit One Introduction……………………………………….1

1.1 Background of the study………………………………………1

1.2 Statement of the problem……………………………………...2

1.3 Objective of the study………………………………………….3

1.3.1 General objective of the study……………………………….3

1.3.2 Specific objective of the study……………………………….3

1.4 Significance of the study……………………………………….3

1.5 Delimitation……………………………………………………..3

1.6 Limitation……………………………………………………….4

1.7 Research question………………………………………………4

1.8 Hypothesis………………………………………………………4

1.9 Defintion and explanation of the terms……………………….4

1.10 Acronyms……………………………………………………...4

II
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

Volleyball is one of popular sport on the world. It is history and development is more than 100
years according to some reference mentioned. For example this sport originated in the United
States and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global
basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than
46 million American who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play
volleyball at least once a week.1895 William G. Morgan an instructor at the young men’s
Christian association (YMCA) in Holyoke, mass decided to blend elements of basketball,
baseball, tennis and hand ball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would
demand less physical contact than the basketball.

Morgan also created the game of volleyball (at that time called mignonette). He borrowed the net
from tennis and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor. Just above the average man’s head.
During a demonstration game someone re marked to Morgan that players seemed to be volleying
the ball back and forth over the net and perhaps “volleyball” would be a more descriptive name
for the sport. Until the early 1930 volley was for the most part a game of leisure and recreational.
There were different rules of the game in the various part of the world, however, national
champion ships were played in many countries (for instance, in Eastern Europe where the level
of play had reached a remarkable standard).Volleyball thus become more and more a competitive
sport with high physical and technical performance.( Weinberg, M.S,1967).

1
Volleyball is its own technique and skill. Of this volley passing, dig, serving, blocking, setting
and spikinging.etc are fundamental of volleyball skill. Volleyball is a very suitable game for
children, youngster, adulate and the elderly both men and women .It is a game with no kinds of
cultural, religious, ethnic etc. It is a game with no kinds of every citizen and its popularity is
flourishing. In addition volleyball requires few types of equipment, relatively little spot and can
be learned quickly. Volleyball is highly competitive some which limits contest among its
apparent players. As a result minimizes the occurrences of contact injury and thus takes players
free to demonstrate their special skills and ability during the match.

Volleyball is getting a media coverage both in the open air and in door with thousands of
spectators television, radio and internet are quite similar with the local, national and international
volleyball matches. Volleyball is a sport in which there teams comprising of six players on both
sides who are separated by the net in between them are court. The team try there points over each
other by grounding the ball on the other teams court. There is no limit to the number of times a
team can make a contact with the ball. Unlike the present day volleyball hitting the net with the
ball was considered as a foul except in the case of a first serve.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

This study will be focus on the comparative study on training program on volleyball skills
between second year and third year sport science students at Mekelle University.

For the purpose this study the researcher will be generalize with regarding to:

-What is the attitude of students toward specific training program on volley ball skills?

-What factors that affect the teaching and learning process of volleyball skills?

-Are there sufficient pedagogical materials for the teaching, learning of the subject?

2
1.3 Objective of the Study

This part of study have both general and specific objective

1.3.1 General Objectives

The major objective of the proposal will to compare the Specific training program on the
volleyball skills between second year and third year sport science students.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objective of this study will be

 To evaluate the students skill on volleyball skills

 To identify the factors that affect on volleyball skills

 To compare the pre and post test results on the students volleyball skills

 To give some awareness about the training of volleyball skills

 To identify which is complex and which is simple to learn in volleyball skill

1.4 Significance of the Study

The finding of this study should be expected to have the following important contribution.
 It may help coaches or sport science students to evaluate their practice or coaching
methodology on volleyball skills.
 It may minimize the factors that affect on the volley ball skills.
 It also serves as source (for other researchers who have an interest on practical of
volleyball skills).
1.5 Delimitations
The researcher will conduct this study in Mekelle University second year sport science and third
year sport science students in 2009 E.C. Mekelle University is located in Mekelle Zone in
northern National region state
. Mekelle University is 2.5 km far from Mekelle town. And the variables of proposal shall be
volleyball skills.
3
 1.6 Limitations
The researcher com cross the following problems while conducting this research.
1. Reference materials
2. Adequate time
3. Finance
1.7 Research Questions
 Does University consist sufficient facilities and equipment to practice volley ball?
 What is the attitude of students towards improving their performance of volley ball
skills?
1.8 Hypothesis
The following hypothesis should be tested in the study
-There may be significant difference in between second year and third year sport science students
in relation to digging pass.
-There should be significance difference between second year and third year sport science
students in relation to volleyball skills.
1.9 Definition and Explanation of the Terms
Key terms of definition is essential because of word can have different meaning contextually in
different sentences.
 Digging – is an individual defensive still performed by a player to deflect
the ball up off his / her forearms.(from volleyball hand out)
 Passing – is the action of receiving and passing of the ball.(from
volleyball hand out)
 Skill –the development of basic major skill such as running, jumping,
throwing and etc.(from volleyball hand out)
 Volleyball – sport played by two teams an appearing court divided by a
net there are different versions available for specific circumstance and
purposes.(from volley ball handout).

1.10 Acronyms
FIVBA……………………………... Federation International volleyball Association
NCAA……………………………... National Collegiate Athletic Association
YMCA…………………………….. Young Men's Christian Association
US…………………………………. United State 4
 CHAPTER TWO

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 History of Volleyball

Volleyball is one of the games widely spread throughout the world from birth place America.
This is due to the importance of the game and physical development. In addition the suitability of
the game for children, young generation, adult men, and women without discrimination of
culture, religion, core, etc. Contribute for its wide spread in all over the world.

2.2 The Origin of Volleyball

Volleyball is uncertain, but similar games were played hundred years ago in central and South
America, possibly in southern Asia. Volleyball is initiated in 1985 at Holyoke, Massachusetts
and it’s considered as recreational activity for business man. Volleyball becomes a popular
through the United States especially at the summer season and playground the YMCA was
instrument in spreading the game. In 1990 Canada was becomes the first foreign country to adapt
the game.In1909 in revelator icon in 1912 Uruguay the game was further introduced. In 1916 the
volleyball rule was published in back the request of YMCA. In 1905 volleyball was played for
the first time in 1910 the game was played for the Philippines, islands finally, in1913 the game
was played in China and Japan. Volleyball spread different countries of the world with the
different styles of playing and different rules were developed in each section and different
countries of the world.

2.3 International Volleyball Federation

The first attempt to organize an international volleyball federation was put forward in Berlin
during the Olympic game 1926, but the efforts failed in 1946.The international volleyball
federation was organized inference with success in 1947.Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia
and also four then other national federations were represented by international volleyball
federation (Merrill, Frances, 1931).

Now day volleyball is being given as one of the components of physical education in different
levels of education. In this parts of action the researcher will be collect some literature which
related to the research work and did not find all the necessary information written in terms of the
problem. Therefore to have clear information about some important concept of volleyball skill.
Daniel and gushes (2003) performed and analysis on the difference between elite
(international teams) and non elite (university teams) volley ball players.

They used chi-square tests to compare the two groups and found that the elite
players performed significantly better in serving and passing. For the elite players,
they also found the quality of the set depended on the quality of the pass, and the
quality of the attack depend on the quality of the set .this is also noticeable in the
non- elite players, but the relationship is not as strong.

Edom and shuts (1992) analyzed eight national men volleyball team that
participated in the 1987 federation international volleyball Korean cup. The
purpose of their analysis is to determine which skill are the best predictors of a
successful team. Using the discriminate analysis they found the block, the spike in
the attack process (responding to an opponent’s serves), and spike in the counter
attack process (responding to an opponent’s attack) to be most significant in
determining whether a team will be successful. They also analysis the differences in
the set spike sequence in the attack process and the counter attack process to be
significantly different. Thus, they advice treating set attack sequences as separate
event when coming from either a dig or a pass.

Another paper by zetou et al .( 2007)analyzed the skill performed in 38 men’s

Olympic volleyball games .they performed separate discriminate analyses for
passing and attack from reception (the first attack of the rally ) in order to
determine the most significant skill contributing to scoring points. They used
stepwise methods for selecting variables and estimated the classification based on
the jack knife (leave –on –out) approach.

In the analysis involving passing, they found that the individual receiving the serve
should either make the best passing possible so the setter can set an up –tempo
attack or make good pass so the setter can set a high set to an outside hitter in zone
4 or 2. In the analysis based on attack from reception, the “ace- point,”4 or point
directly following the attack was the most important factor in predicting the win of
the rally. This project builds on this previous work and extra dimension .although
notational system have long been used to quantify volleyball performance in some
dimensions ,there has never been an extensive attempt to grade setting precision .
ever thought setting is not incorporated in to their analysis, zetou et al
.(2007)discussed the need to evaluate setting due to it is direct influence on attacks
.currently ,the only grades recorded by the NCAA for volleyball are assists to the
hitter and setting errors . Using their grade system, it is possible for a setter to
have a perfect set that is not counted as an assist if the hitter performed poorly .the
data set used for this analysis was produced by and for the BYU women’s volleyball
team and included an independent ratting of every skill performed by team member
during the 2006 home season. By grade setting independently of the attack an
outcome the natural association between the performance of one skill and the
performance of subsequent skills come be examined.
 CHAPTER THREE

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Design of the Study

The researcher conducted to compare volleyball skill between first year and third year sport
science students by using a descriptive statistics method.
Variable Test
Digging pass Three trails in 1 m x 1m box in one minute
Volley pass Three trails in 1 m x 1m box in one minute

3.2 Source of data

The subject of the study on specific training program of volleyball skills were between first year
and third year sport science students and SpSc teachers.
3.3 Sample size and sample techniques

According to the record of Mekelle University there are 32 and 99 students second year and third
year sport science students respectively. From the total population of second year sport science
11 are females and 21 students are males and from the total population of third year sport science
students 15 are females and 84 students are males. It is difficult to select all students as a sample
size so the researcher was selected 6 students from first year and 6 from third year students as a
sample from each year.

n= no/ (1+ no /N)

Where n0 = Z2α/2(PQ)/D2
This research used simple random sampling technique to select the students from the given
population. Simple random sampling technique is a technique that allows each member of the
population to have equal chance of being selected as a subject. It is considered as a fair way of
selecting sample from a given population and its representativeness of the population , In order
to get sufficient information.
3.4 Data collection and Material

The study used pre-test and posttest of volley ball skills of data. The pre-test source of data
technique was test of some selected skill test of volleyball. Different material used such as
volleyball, whistle, stopwatch, cone and etc.

3.5 Method of data analysis

Statistical techniques and interpretation of the results were carefully under taken in analyzing the
data or statistical technique. In order to analyze the data gather both quantitative and qualitative
data analysis was employee in the form of descriptive statistics which is mean, median and
standard deviation.
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. Analysis and Interpretation of results and discussion of findings

In the subsequent sections of this chapter the result and discussion of data collected through pre-
test and post-test training. In this section the source of information collected through pre-test and
post-test were in Jimma University in the case of comparative study on specific training program
1st year and 3rd sport science students of digging pass and volley pass in the volley ball skills.
The researcher used descriptive statistics to analyze the data gained from the pre-test and post-
test of digging pass and volley pass in the volleyball skills. Results obtained from digging pass in
the volleyball skill 2nd year sport science students.

4.1. Descriptive statics Analysis on digging pass

Result obtained from digging pass

Variable Year Test No Mean median S. deviation

2nd
Pre-test 6 27.67 25.5 5.26
year
Digging
Post-test 6 33.17 32.5 5.76
pass in
volleyball 3rd Pre-test 6 41.17 39.5 6.42
skills year
Post-test 6 44.8 43 6.69

Table 4.1 As indicated on the above table the pre-test and post-test result of dig pass in volley
ball skill 1st and 3rd year sport science students mean is 27.67, 33.17 and 41.17, 44.8 respectively.

From this the researcher conclude that there is high difference between pre-test and post-test of
digging pass of both 1st and 3rd year sport science students. In supporting this idea, Merrill,
Frances (1932) says that digging pass is one types of simple and popular pass of volleyball
techniques but a lot of individuals may lack the skill and tactics because of lack of adequate
training, lack experience and etc

4.2. Descriptive statics Analysis on volley pass

Result obtained from volley pass

Variable Year Test No of student Mean Median S. deviation

Pre-test 6 30.67 33.5 5.54

Volley 1st Post-test 6 34.67 37.5 5.89

pass in year
volleyball
Pre-test 6 40.8 42.5 6.39
skills
3rd
Post-test 6 45.3 48 6.73
year

Table 4.2 As indicated on the above table, the pre-test and post-test result of volley pass in
volleyball skill between 1st and 3rd year sport science students mean is, 30.67,34.67 and 40.8,45.3
respectively.

From this table the researcher conclude that there is high difference between pre-test and post-
test of volley pass of 1st and 3rd sport science students. The same to this idea, William G. Morgan
(1895) says that volley pass is another techniques of volleyball skills which is popular tactics of
volleyball, while a lot of peoples may lack the skill and techniques because of lack of adequate
training, lack experience and materials i.e. court ,ball whistle and net.
 CHAPTER FIVE

5. Summary, Conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Summary
The main objective of study is the comparative study on the specific training program in
volleyball skills in case of Jimma University and find out the possible answer for the following
basic ideas.

 The attitude to learn volleyball training is positive

 They were two training class days per week

 They have interest for learning volleyball training

 The data sourced from training was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive
statistics methods that is in table.

5.2 Conclusion

The data obtained by the experiments of 1st year and 3rd year sport science students on
volleyball skills were interpreted and analyzed through descriptive statistics.

Hypothesis finding

H1: there is significance difference between 1st year and 3rd year sport science students in
relation to digging pass. The hypothesis used by researcher was acceptable because there is
significance difference after training.

H2: there is significance difference between 1st year and 3rd year sport science students in
relation to volley pass. The hypothesis used by the researcher was acceptable because there
was significance difference after training.
5.3 Recommendations

As it is clearly shown in the introduction part of this research paper the main objective of this
research is to compare pre-test and post-test training in volleyball skills in case of Jimma
University.

So, based on the above mentioned points and improvement of the volleyball skills is following
recommendations suggested the researcher.

 The coach should create interest, encourage and motivate on the given volleyball skill is
of training, improve the subject with providing the combination of both theory and
practice.

 The coach should play co-operative role to participate his students in different sport
skills.

 The coach materials should be consistent and appropriately a design to students target of
learning a subject.

 Finally students, coaches and the university communities in the cooperation should try to
make standard court for all practical class.
 REFERENCE

 Bucher A. Charles (1975) foundation of physical education (7th Ed).

 D.S Anneetal (91986) volley ball the skill of the game, modern volleyball.
For teacher, coach and play.

 Http: // en Wikipedia org / wiki /William .G .Morgan.

 Keith Nicholls (1986) volley the skill of the game, model volleyball for
teacher, coach and play.

 Larry horine (1985) administration of physical education and sport programs.

 Morgan C.I and a king (1967) introduction to psychology 7th Ed.

 APPENDIX-A
JIMMA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE
The coaching plan in daily training program
No content Time Coaching Student Equipment remark
Activity Activity
1 introduction 5minute -Arrange student -active listening
to make line -active
-Check the participation
attendance of the
students
2 Warming-up 5minute -show the -Every student --volley
warming-up do warming-up ball
session by active -net
-Introduce the participation. -whistle
session by -doing And so on.
warming-up. warming-up
seen from the
coach
3 Main part 20minute -taking pre-test -active
result participation
-explain in
details the
techniques of
day session
4 Stabilization 5minute -review main -ask question
part -active listening
-correct error
-feed back
5 Cool-down 5minute -select types of --active
cool down based participation
on the day’s -accept the
practice feedback given
-Check any by coach
injured of
athletes.
 -light stretch

APPENDIX- B
JIMMA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE
Coaching plan in weekly training program
Day-1 Day-2 Day-3
Introduction Introduction Introduction
-check the student’s -check the student’s -check the student’s
Week-1-6 equipment. equipment. equipment.
- Arrange the student - Arrange the student - Arrange the student
to make line. to make line. to make line.
Warming-up Warming-up Warming-up
-Show the warming- -Show the warming- -Show the warming-up
up session. up session. session.
-Introduce the -Introduce the -Introduce the session
session main part by session main part by main part by warming-
warming-up. warming-up up

Main part Main part Main part

-explain in details -explain in details -explain in details
digging pass digging pass digging pass
techniques. techniques. techniques.
- Demonstrative the - Demonstrative the - Demonstrative the
volley passing volley passing volley passing
techniques. techniques. techniques.
 Cool-down Cool-down Cool-down
-Select types of cool- -Select types of cool- -Select types of cool-
down based on the down based on the down based on the
day’s practice day’s practice day’s practice
-stretching -stretching -stretching

APPENDIX-C
JIMMA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE
1st year sport science student in 2008 participate on training volley ball skills.
No. Name of student Digging pass Volley pass

Pre-test Post-test Pre-test Post-test

1 Marga Idosa 28 35 31 37

2 Hawi Bekuma 22 29 20 24

3 Habte Olani 23 27 20 26

4 Obse Sanbato 37 39 39 40

5 Gadisa Bekele 20 30 36 38

6 Mulu Waktola 36 39 38 43

3rd year sport science students in 2008 participate on training volley ball skills.

No. Name of students Digging pass Volley pass

Pre-test Post-test Pre-test Post-test

1 Ayantu Jambare 38 41 28 30
2 Abera Minda 43 52 40 47

3 Gete Geleta 40 44 41 42

4 Gadisa Roba 34 42 44 50

5 Sifan Ayana 39 41 44 49

6 Gadisa Hayilu 53 59 48 54

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!