STE Transformer

A) Core type B) Shell type
Single phase transformer construction

전기
공 학
2014-02-21 2
SistemTenaga Elektrik
Ideal transformer
• Winding resistances are zero, no leakage inductance and iron
loss
• Magnetization current generates a flux that induces voltage
in both windings
N p Fm w
Ep =
2
Ns Fm w
Es =
2
Current, voltages and flux in an
unloaded ideal transformer
전기
공 학
2014-02-21 3
Ideal transformer
• Loaded transformer
Currents and fluxes in a loaded ideal transformer

전기
공 학
2/21/2014
2014-02-21 360 Chapter 5 Transformers 4 4
Ideal transformer
• Turn ratio is:
Np Ep
T= =
Ns Es
• The input and output complex powers are equal
E p I *p = S p = S s = E s I *s
Ep Is
T= =
Es Ip
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
5.3.1 Ideal transformer
Ip = Is /T Is
T
Vp Ep Es = V s
V p = Ep = T Es
Figure 5.25 Equivalent circuit of an ideal transformer

전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Ideal transformer
• Transferring impedances through a transformer
VP T VS 2 VS
ZP = =
IP æ IS ö
=T
IS
Z P = T 2 Z load
ç ÷
èT ø
IP IS
T
Thévenin equivalents
Vac VP VS Zload of transformer circuit
a) Original circuit with ideal

전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Transferring impedances through a
transformer
Thévenin equivalents of
IP
transformer circuit
b) Equivalent circuit when

Vac VP T2Zload secondary impedance is
transferred to primary side and
ideal transformer eliminated
(c) Equivalent circuit when primary

source is transferred to secondary
side and ideal transformer
eliminated
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Real transformer
Fm
Fs_leakage
Fp_leakage
Leakage flux in the real transformer

전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Xp Rp Ist Rs Xs
T
Im
Ip Is
Vp Xm Rc Ep Es Vs
Equivalent circuit of a real transformer
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Xp Rp Rst Xst Is
T
Im
Ip Ist
Vp Xm Rc Ep Es Vs
Figure 5.32 Modified equivalent circ

uit of a real transformer
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Determination of transformer parameter
by measurement
• Open circuit test
– Provides magnetizing reactance and core loss
resistance
– Obtain components are connected in parallel
• Short circuit test

– Provides combined leakage reactance and winding
resistance
– Obtain components are connected in series
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Short Circuit Test
Psh_s
Xp Rp Xs Rs
Figure 5.35 Equiv W I
alent circuit for shor Ish_s
V
t circuit test, measu
Vsh_s
rement at the secon
dary side
Xp / T2 Rp / T 2 Xs Rs Psh_s
Figure 5.36 Simplifi W I

ed equivalent circui Ish_s
V
t for short circuit te
Vsh_s
st
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Short Circuit Test
Primary and
Psh_s
Xe_s Re_s secondary
W I impedances are
combined
Ish_s
V
Rp
Vsh_s Re _ s = 2
+ Rs
T
Xp
Simplified circuit for calculation of X e _ s = + Xs
2
series impedance T
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Short circuit test evaluation
Psh_s Vsh_s
Re_s := Zsh_s :=
2 Ish_s
Ish_s
2 2
Xe_s := Zsh_s - Re_s
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Open circuit test
Po_p
Xp Rp Xs Rs
I W
Io_p
V Xm_p Rc_p
Vo_p
Equivalent circuit for open circuit test, measurement at the

primary side.
Po_p
I W Simplified
equivalent circuit
Io_p
V Xm_p Rc_p
Vo_p
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Open circuit test evaluation
2
(Vo_p ) Yo_p :=
Io_p
Rc_p := Vo_p
Po_p
1
Xm_p :=
1 1 2 1
Y = 2
+ 2 Yo_p -
R X Rc_p
2
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Equivalent circuit obtained by measurement
Xe_s Re_s
Xm_p Rc_p
Equivalent circuit for a real transformer resulting from

the open and short circuit tests.
전기
공 학
2/21/2014
Very large three-phase network transformer. 전기
SistemTenaga Elektrik 공 학
A B C
VAN VBN VCN N
Vab Vbc Vca
a b c
A three-phase wye-delta transformer with three-legged iron core.

전기
wye-wye (Y-Y) seldom used, imbalance and 3rd harmonics
problems
wye-wye-delta frequently used to interconnect high voltage
(Y-Y-Δ) networks (240 kV/345 kV). The delta
winding filters the 3rd harmonics, equalizes
the unbalanced current, and provides a path
for ground current
wye-delta (Y-Δ) frequently used as step down (345 kV/69 kV)
delta-delta (Δ-Δ) used for medium voltage (15 kV), one of the
transformers can be removed (open delta)
delta-wye (Δ-Y) step-up transformer in a generation station
Usual connections for three-phase transformers

전기
IA Ia
A a
VAB VAN Van Vab Wye/wye
B VBN N n Vcn b
VCN Vbn
Y
S 3 S
I rate = =
c
Vrate 3 3 Vrate
C
Wye connected three-phase transformer

Np VAN I a VBN I b VCN I c
TY - Y = = = = = = =
Ns Van I A Vbn I B Vcn I C VAB = 3 VAN e j 30°
Np VAN I a Vab = 3 Van e j 30°
TY - Y = = =
Ns Van I A
전기
Transformer
Supply
Three-phase network supplies
Load a load through a transformer.
Network
Y-Y
Vnet_AN VAN Van Vload_an

Xnet Xtr_s
A
Ia a
IA
n Equivalent circuit of the wye-
N
wye transformer system
Supply Network Transformer Load
Xnet Xtr_s Single-phase equivalent circuit

for phase A of the three-phase
IA Ia
Vnet_AN VAN Van Vload_an wye-wye transformer system
전기
공 학
2014-02-21
2/21/2014 360 Chapter 5 Transformers 23
VAN
Transformer
A IA Iba a Ia
AC
VAN Vab Iab
VBN VAB Vab
VCA IB Icb Vca Ib
B b
Ica
Iac
AC
VBN Vbc Ibc
VCN VBC Vbc
C IC Iac c Ic
AC
Load
VCN Vca
Supply N
Wye-delta connected transformer , 5.4.2

전기
IA Ia
A a
a Iac D
S 3 S
VAB VAN Vab
I rate = =
Iba c
Ib Vrate 3 Vrate
VCA B VBN VCN b Vca
N Icb
b Vbc
VBC Ic
C c
Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , currents and

voltages
Np
VAN I ba
TY -Δ = = =
Ns Vab IA
VAB = VAN - VBN = VAN - VAN e - j 120° = 3 VAN e j 30°
I a = I ba - I ac = I ba - I ba e - j 240° = 3 I ba e - j 30°
전기
공 학
Rtr_p Xtr_p Xtr_s Rtr_s
spe
T
IA Ia
Rc Xm VAN Van Vs_an
Vp_AN
Y-D
Single-phase equivalent circuit of a wye-delta transformer.
Vab = 3 Van e j 30°
T spe
Y -Δ =
VAB VAN 3 e j 30° VAN
= = TYspe-Δ =
*
I
a (
I
= ba
3e )
- j 30° *
Vab Vab Van *

I I *A
A
전기
공 학
IA Ia
A Vbn
a
IAB
VAB Vab
IB n Van Ib
VCA B ICA Vcn b Vca
VBC Ic Vbc
IBC
IC c
C
Figure 5.54 Delta-Wye connected transfor

mer
I A = I AB - I CA = I AB - I AB e - j 240° = 3 I AB e - j 30°
VAB VAB e V - j 30°

I * I *a I *a
TΔspe- Y = = = AN = a TΔspe- Y = * =
Vab Van 3 Van I *
A
IA ( 3 I AB e )
- j 30° *
전기
IA Ia
A a
IAB Iba
VAB Vab
B ICA Iac
b
c
C
Delta-Delta connected transformer
Np VAB I a I ba
TΔ -Δ = = = =
Ns Vab I A I AB
전기
Transformers
Three-phase Transformer Relations
Windings
Transformer Primary and Secondary Phase
Placed on the
Connection Voltage Phase Relation Shift*
Same Leg
Wye-Wye VAN is in phase with Van Zero A and a
Wye-Delta VAN is in phase with Vab 30° A and ab
Delta-Wye VAB is in phase with Van –30° AB and a
Delta-Delta VAB is in phase with Vab Zero AB and ab
* Note: Phase shift lead between line-to-line voltages, VAB and Vab, and line-to-
neutral voltages, VAN and Van, and line currents, IA and Ia.

High Low
voltage voltage C
A W
V
AC AC
AC
V
A W B
Full rated
voltage
Open circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter me

asurement
Vo_ll := 230V Io := 13A Po_3f := 550W

전기
공 학
2014-02-21
Open circuit test
Vo_ll
Vo_ln := Vo_ln = 132.791V
3
Po_3f
Po_1f := Po_1f = 183.333W
3
2
Vo_ln
Rc := Rc = 96.182W
Po_1f
전기
공 학
2014-02-21
Open circuit test
Io
Yo := Yo = 0.098S
Vo_ln
1
Xm :=
2 1 Xm = 10.273W
Yo -
2
Rc
전기
공 학
2014-02-21
High Low
C
voltage voltage
W A
V
AC AC
AC
V
B
W A
Reduced voltage
Short circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter

measurement
Vs_ll := 160V Is := 16A Ps_3f := 1200W

전기
공 학
2014-02-21
Transformers
Short circuit test
Vs_ll
Vs_ln := Vs_ln = 92.376V
3
Ps_3f
Ps_1f := Ps_1f = 400W
3
Ps_1f
Rs := Rs = 1.563W
2
Is
Transformers
Short circuit test
Vs_ln
Zs := Zs = 5.774W
Is
2 2
Xs := Zs - Rs Xs = 5.558W
v George G. Karady & Keith Holbert, Lecture:
EEE 360 Energy Conversion and Transport
v T. Wildi, Electrical Machines, Drives, and
Power Systems, Prentice Hall
전기

STE Transformer

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

STE Transformer

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

A) Core type B) Shell type

Single phase transformer construction

Currents and fluxes in a loaded ideal transformer

Figure 5.25 Equivalent circuit of an ideal transformer

a) Original circuit with ideal

b) Equivalent circuit when

(c) Equivalent circuit when primary

Leakage flux in the real transformer

Equivalent circuit of a real transformer

Figure 5.32 Modified equivalent circ

• Short circuit test

Figure 5.36 Simplifi W I

Equivalent circuit for open circuit test, measurement at the

Equivalent circuit for a real transformer resulting from

VAN VBN VCN N

Vab Vbc Vca

A three-phase wye-delta transformer with three-legged iron core.

Usual connections for three-phase transformers

Wye connected three-phase transformer

Vnet_AN VAN Van Vload_an

Supply Network Transformer Load

Xnet Xtr_s Single-phase equivalent circuit

Wye-delta connected transformer , 5.4.2

Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , currents and

VAB = VAN - VBN = VAN - VAN e - j 120° = 3 VAN e j 30°

Vab = 3 Van e j 30°

Vab Vab Van *

Figure 5.54 Delta-Wye connected transfor

VAB VAB e V - j 30°

Wye-Delta VAN is in phase with Vab 30° A and ab

Delta-Wye VAB is in phase with Van –30° AB and a

Delta-Delta VAB is in phase with Vab Zero AB and ab

2/21/2014 360 Chapter 5 Transformers 29

Open circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter me

Vo_ll := 230V Io := 13A Po_3f := 550W

Short circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter

Vs_ll := 160V Is := 16A Ps_3f := 1200W

Potrebbero piacerti anche