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system also includes inverter transformers, capacitor banks, are as follows:
switchgear, cooling equipment, and an automated protection
and control system. The scheduled in-service date for the 0 rapidly responds to system disturbances
project is May 1,2001. provides smooth voltage control over a wide range
of operating conditions
Seattle Iron & Metals Corporation D-STATCOM Project: supports voltage even during fault conditions by way
The installation of a 5 MVA, 4.16 kV Distribution-level Static of overload capability, thus improving the local
Reactive Compensator (D-STATCOM) was recently power quality
completed at the Seattle Iron & Metals Corporation's new incorporates a significant amount of built-in
steel recycling facility in Seattle, Washington. The D- redundancy (i.e., any one or more of the 12.5 MVA
STATCOM technology was selected as the preferred option VSI modules, or 43 MVA groups can be out of
for voltage flicker compensation of a 4,000 Hp shredder service while all others remain in operation at their
motor, which will be operated at the new facility. For voltage full rated capability)
flicker applications, the D-STATCOM technology provides As shown in Figure 1 below, the system design is entirely
rapid-response compensation to correct for the voltage sag and redundant for optimum operating flexibility and efficiency.
swell characteristics imposed on the interconnected system Each GTO-based STATCOM group and each shunt capacitor
during the shredder motor operation. In this application, the bank are supplied to a 115 kV bus via 115 kV SF-6 Gas
D-STATCOM is operating at 4.16 kV and provides reliable Circuit Breakers (GCB's). A main disconnect switch is
power quality for both the new steel recycling facility and the provided to connect the entire STATCOM system to the Essex
interconnecting utility, Seattle City Light, which provides Substation's 115 kV ring bus position.
power to the plant at 26.4 kV. The D-STATCOM
commissioning was completed in February 2000.
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A more detailed representation of the STATCOM building is
shown in Figure 3. The building contains the VSI modules; Figure 3 - Building Layout Diagram of Essex
protection, automation, and control panels; cooling system +133/-41 MVA, 115 kVSTATCOMEquipment
controls; low voltage switchgear; and auxiliary systems. There
are two separate inverter halls, as well as separate halls for the 2.3 System Construction and Installation
protection and control, and for the cooling systems. The 2.4
connections from the building equipment to the outdoor At the time of this article, the construction phase of the
equipment are made via underground cabling and conduit. STATCOM System is well underway. Some of the more
In addition to the STATCOM building, an additional control difficult .challenges with the installation have been from a
room has been erected by VELCO at the Essex Substation, physical space limitation. Due to a restriction on the amount
which contains some portions of the protection and control of available land at the substation site, the FACTS yard
equipment. All interfacing between the STATCOM System footprint was extremely limited. A hillside at the site was
and the VELCO Systems are done via control wire cabling excavated in order to provide space for the STATCOM
connectionsbetween the two buildings. building. Figures 4 through 7 show recent photographs of the
site construction and installation work, with various views of
The STATCOM control system is able to not only control the the FACTS yard and the equipment and building installations.
operation of the STATCOM inverters and the two 24 MVA
capacitor banks, but it is also designed to provide remote
capacitor bank control in order to maintain a steady-state
voltage profile during normal system operating conditions.
The control is for remote capacitor banks at Essex Substation
as well as three additional neighboring substations. All of the
control is interfaced with the VELCO SCADA system.
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Figure 5 - View towards FACTS yard of STATCOM building
foundation and conduit work, Essex 138 kV ring bus, and
3. SEATTLE IRON & METALS CORPORATION
D-STATCOM PROJECT
4ooo HP
2.4 Essex Substation STATCOM Project Summary motor
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controller which is the master control of the D-STATCOM bank is designed for outdoor use. The connection between the
System (or Voltage Compensator System). Each inverter unit capacitor bank and the high-voltage switch-gear is made by
is a voltage source type inverter and has a rated capacity of cables.
400 kVAr (continuous rating) and overload capacity of 600
kVAr for one minute. Thus, the five inverters can output 3.5 System Control
2,000 KVAr continuously and 3,000 KVAr as an overload
rating for 1 minute in total. The inverters are designed with a Figure 10 shows a block diagram of the control scheme for the
redundancy such that even though one of the inverter units is D-STATCOM System. The shredder motor current is dctected
out of service, the remaining 4 inverters can maintain by a CT in the shredder motor circuit, and the detected current
operation with 80% of full rating. This is done by separating signal is transmitted as an input to the master control circuit.
the failed inverter unit from the circuit with the separator The 4.16 kV voltage is detected by a PT on the 4.16 kV bus-
switch. bar and the detected voltage signal is transmitted as an input to
the master control circuit. In the master control circuit,
The use of sophisticated semiconductor devices, Insulated reactive power of the shredder motor load is calculated by
Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT's), are applied in the inverter means of a p-q conversion method. Additionally, a current
design. The ratings of the IGBT elements are 1,200 V, 600 A. reference signal for the inverter is calculated in a current
reference controller. The calculated reference signal is
26.4 kV
r supplied to the slave controller of each inverter. In each
inverter unit, the slave controller independently controls the
26.4 kV 14.16 kV inverter output current in response to the current reference
4.16 kV signal.
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6. REFERENCES
Paserba, J.; Reed, G.; Takeda, M.; Aritsuka, T.; “FACTS and
Custom Power Equipment for the Enhancement of
Transmission System Performance and Power Quality,”
Symposium of Specialists in Electric Operational and
Expansion Planning (VI1 SEPOPE), Curitiba Brazil (May 21-
26,2000)
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
and to:
Mr. Alan Sidell (Seattle Iron & Metals Corporation), Mr. Fred
Ojima (Seattle City Light), and Mr. Ron Gore (Gore Electric
Co.) for their significant contributions to the Seattle Iron &
Metals Corporation 5 MVA, 4.16 kV D- STATCOM Project.
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