Which of the following correctly defines the 500 N force that passes from A(4, 0, 3) to

B(0, 6, 0)?
A. 256i - 384j + 192k N
B. -256i + 384j - 192k N
C. -384i + 192j - 256k N
D. 384i - 192j + 256k N

Solution 003

From the figure

rAB=−4i+6j−3k mrAB=−4i+6j−3k m

Unit vector from A to B:

λAB=rABrABλAB=rABrAB
λAB=−4i+6j−3k(−4)2+62+(−3)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√λAB=−4i+6j−3k(−4)2+62+(−
3)2
λAB=−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841kλAB=−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841k

Rectangular representation of F:

F=FλABF=FλAB
F=500(−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841k)F=500(−0.5121i+0.7682j−0.3841k)
F=−256i+384j−192k NF=−256i+384j−192k N

Answer: B
Compute the x and y components of each of the four forces shown in Fig. P-002.

Solution 002

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Px=722(213√)=400.49 lbPx=722(213)=400.49 lb
Py=722(313√)=600.74 lbPy=722(313)=600.74 lb

Qx=−200cos60∘=−100 lbQx=−200cos⁡60∘=−100 lb
Qy=200sin60∘=173.20 lbQy=200sin⁡60∘=173.20 lb

Fx=−448(25√)=−400.70 lbFx=−448(25)=−400.70 lb
Fy=−448(15√)=−200.35 lbFy=−448(15)=−200.35 lb

Tx=400sin20∘=136.81 lbTx=400sin⁡20∘=136.81 lb
Ty=−400cos20∘=−375.88 lbTy=−400cos⁡20∘=−375.88 lb

Rectangular Representation
F=F(cosθxi+sinθxj)F=F(cos⁡θxi+sin⁡θxj)
P=722(213√i+313√j)=400.49i+600.74j lbP=722(213i+313j)=400.49i+600.74j lb
Q=200(−cos60∘i+sin60∘j)=−100i+173.20j lbQ=200(−cos⁡60∘i+sin⁡60∘j)=−100i+
173.20j lb
F=448(−25√i−15√j)=−400.70i−200.35j lbF=448(−25i−15j)=−400.70i−200.35j lb
T=400(sin20∘i−cos20∘j)=136.81i−375.88j lbT=400(sin⁡20∘i−cos⁡20∘j)=136.81i−
375.88j lb
The coefficients of i and j from the vector notations are the respective x and y
components of each force.

Referring to Fig. 1.4, determine the angle between vector A and the y-axis.
A. 65.7°
B. 73.1°
C. 67.5°
D. 71.3°

Solution 004

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Axy=Asin30∘Axy=Asin⁡30∘
Axy=0.5AAxy=0.5A

Ay=Axysin40∘Ay=Axysin⁡40∘
Ay=(0.5A)sin40∘Ay=(0.5A)sin⁡40∘
Ay=0.321AAy=0.321A

cosθy=0.321cos⁡θy=0.321
θy=71.3∘θy=71.3∘

Answer: D

Find the components in the x, y, u and v directions of the force P = 10 kN shown in Fig.
P-005.

Solution 005

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Px=10cos60∘=5 kNPx=10cos⁡60∘=5 kN
Py=10sin60∘=8.66 kNPy=10sin⁡60∘=8.66 kN
Pu=10cos40∘=7.66 kNPu=10cos⁡40∘=7.66 kN
Pv=10sin40∘=6.43 kN

The force P of magnitude 50 kN is acting at 215° from the x-axis. Find the components
of P in u 157° from x, and v negative 69° from x.

Solution 006

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From the figure:
ϕ=180∘−157∘=23∘ϕ=180∘−157∘=23∘
φ=215∘−180∘=35∘φ=215∘−180∘=35∘

θ=215∘−157∘=58∘θ=215∘−157∘=58∘
α=69∘−ϕ=69∘−23∘=46∘α=69∘−ϕ=69∘−23∘=46∘
β=180∘−69∘−φ=180∘−69∘−35∘=76∘β=180∘−69∘−φ=180∘−69∘−35∘=76∘

Check:
θ+α+β=58∘+46∘+76∘=180∘θ+α+β=58∘+46∘+76∘=180∘ (okay!)
By Sine Law:
Pusinβ=Pvsinθ=PsinαPusin⁡β=Pvsin⁡θ=Psin⁡α
Pusin76∘=Pvsin58∘=50sin46∘Pusin⁡76∘=Pvsin⁡58∘=50sin⁡46∘
Pu=50sin76∘sin46∘=67.44 kNPu=50sin⁡76∘sin⁡46∘=67.44 kN answer
Pv=50sin58∘sin46∘=58.95 kNPv=50sin⁡58∘sin⁡46∘=58.95 kN answer

A block is resting on an incline of slope 5:12 as shown in Fig. P-007. It is subjected to a

force F = 500 N on a slope of 3:4. Determine the components of F parallel and
perpendicular to the incline.

Solution 007

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θ=α+βθ=α+β

θ=arctan(3/4)+arctan(5/12)θ=arctan⁡(3/4)+arctan⁡(5/12)
θ=59.49∘θ=59.49∘

Fx=500cosθ=500cos59.49∘Fx=500cos⁡θ=500cos⁡59.49∘
Fx=253.85 kNFx=253.85 kN answer

Fy=−500sinθ=−500sin59.49∘Fy=−500sin⁡θ=−500sin⁡59.49∘
Fy=−430.77 kNFy=−430.77 kN answer

The magnitude of vertical force F shown in Fig. P-016 is 8000 N. Resolve F into
components parallel to the bars AB and AC.

Solution 016

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By Sine Law:
FABsin20∘=8000sin40∘FABsin⁡20∘=8000sin⁡40∘
FAB=4256.71 NFAB=4256.71 N answer
FACsin120∘=8000sin40∘FACsin⁡120∘=8000sin⁡40∘
FAC=10778.37 NFAC=10778.37 N answer

If the force F shown in Fig. P-017 is resolved into components parallel to the bars AB
and BC, the magnitude of the component parallel to bar BC is 4 kN. What are the
magnitudes of F and its component parallel to AB?
Solution 017

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tanα=1.51.0tan⁡α=1.51.0
α=56.31∘α=56.31∘

tanβ=1.54.0tan⁡β=1.54.0
β=20.56∘β=20.56∘

θ=90∘−α=90∘−56.31∘θ=90∘−α=90∘−56.31∘
θ=33.69∘θ=33.69∘

ϕ=90∘−β=90∘−20.56∘ϕ=90∘−β=90∘−20.56∘
ϕ=69.44∘ϕ=69.44∘

φ=180∘−θ−ϕ=180∘−33.69∘−69.44∘φ=180∘−θ−ϕ=180∘−33.69∘−69.44∘
φ=76.87∘φ=76.87∘

By Sine law
Fsinφ=FBCsinθFsin⁡φ=FBCsin⁡θ
F=FBCsinφsinθF=FBCsin⁡φsin⁡θ
F=4sin76.87∘sin33.69∘F=4sin⁡76.87∘sin⁡33.69∘
F=7.02 kNF=7.02 kN answer

FABsinϕ=FBCsinθFABsin⁡ϕ=FBCsin⁡θ
FAB=FBCsinϕsinθFAB=FBCsin⁡ϕsin⁡θ
FAB=4sin69.44∘sin33.69∘FAB=4sin⁡69.44∘sin⁡33.69∘
FAB=6.75 kNFAB=6.75 kN answer
Three ropes are tied to a small metal ring. At the end of each rope three students are
pulling, each trying to move the ring in their direction. If we look down from above, the
forces and directions they are applying are shown in Fig. P-011. Find the net force on the
ring due to the three applied forces.

Solution 011

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Rx=ΣFxRx=ΣFx

Rx=30cos37∘−50cos45∘−80cos60∘Rx=30cos⁡37∘−50cos⁡45∘−80cos⁡60∘
Rx=−51.40 lbRx=−51.40 lb
Rx=51.40 lb to the leftRx=51.40 lb to the left

Ry=ΣFyRy=ΣFy
Ry=30sin37∘+50sin45∘−80sin60∘Ry=30sin⁡37∘+50sin⁡45∘−80sin⁡60∘
Ry=−15.87 lbRy=−15.87 lb
Ry=15.87 lb downwardRy=15.87 lb downward
R=Rx2+Ry2−−−−−−−−√R=Rx2+Ry2

R=51.402+15.872−−−−−−−−−−−−√R=51.402+15.872
R=53.79 lbR=53.79 lb

tanθx=RyRx=15.8751.40tan⁡θx=RyRx=15.8751.40
θx=17.16∘θx=17.16∘

Thus, the net force on the ring is 53.79 lb downward to the left at θx = 17.16°.

From Fig. P-014, P is directed at an angle α from x-axis and the 200 N force is acting at a
slope of 5 vertical to 12 horizontal.

1. Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N to the right along the x-axis.
2. Find P and α if the resultant is 500 N upward to the right with a slope of 3
horizontal to 4 vertical.
3. Find P and α if the resultant is zero.

Solution 014

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Part a: The resultant is 500N to the right along the x-axis
By Cosine law of the shaded triangle
P2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)cosθP2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)cos⁡θ
P2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)(1213)P2=2002+5002−2(200)(500)(1213)
P=324.63 NP=324.63 N answer
By Sine law
Psinθ=200sinαPsin⁡θ=200sin⁡α
sinα=200sinθP=200(513)324.63sin⁡α=200sin⁡θP=200(513)324.63
α=13.71∘α=13.71∘ answer

Part b: The resultant is 500 N upward to the right with a slope of 3

horizontal to 4 vertical

Rx=500(35)=300 NRx=500(35)=300 N
Ry=500(45)=400 NRy=500(45)=400 N

Rx=Pcosα+200(1213)Rx=Pcos⁡α+200(1213)
300=Pcosα+184.61300=Pcos⁡α+184.61
Pcosα=115.39Pcos⁡α=115.39
P=115.39cosαP=115.39cos⁡α

Ry=Psinα−200(513)Ry=Psin⁡α−200(513)
400=Psinα−76.92400=Psin⁡α−76.92
Psinα=476.92Psin⁡α=476.92
(115.39cosα)sinα=476.92(115.39cos⁡α)sin⁡α=476.92
115.38tanα=476.92115.38tan⁡α=476.92
tanα=4.1335tan⁡α=4.1335
α=76.4∘α=76.4∘ answer

P=115.39cos76.4∘P=115.39cos⁡76.4∘
P=490.68 NP=490.68 N answer

Part c: The resultant is zero

The resultant is zero if P and the 200 N force are

equal in magnitude, oppositely directed, and
collinear.

α=180∘−arctan512α=180∘−arctan⁡512
α=157.38∘α=157.38∘

Thus, P = 200 N at α = 157.38° answer