Psa Supp 2010

Code No.
M0103
Set No. 1
IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*******
1. (a) Briefly explain the requirements of aerial photographs for stereoscopic viewing.
(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.
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2. Describe the physical processes involved and parameters derived in (a) Visible (b)
c
Thermal (c) Microwave (d) Short wave infrared parts of electromagnetic spectrum.
.
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3. Explain in detail the basic elements of image interpretation.
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4. (a) Explain spatial and non-spatial data with suitable example.
(b) Explain any 4 components of GIS.
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5. (a) Explain advantages of Raster GIS.
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(b) Explain disadvantages of Vector GIS.
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6. Explain buffering, intersection, overlay and clip operations in GIS.
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7. Explain various levels of landuse / landcover classification.
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8. Describe any 8 watershed characteristics in detail.
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Code No. M0103
Set No.2

(Civil Engineering)
*******
1. (a) What are the major advantages of digital images over traditional hard copy images?
(b) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.
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2. Explain the following
(a) Energy interactions with earth surface features.
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(b) Spatial resolution and spectral resolution.
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3. What are the basic elements of interpretation for terrain evaluation?
4. Describe categories of GIS.
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5. Explain data collection, data input, data analysis and data output modules in GIS.
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6. Explain different methods of vector data storage.
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7. (a) Describe any 2 surface water body mapping methods.
(b) Describe any 2 drought indices in detail.
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8. Describe any 8 drainage morphometric parameters in detail.
1 of 1
Code No. M0103 Set No. 3

(Civil Engineering)
*******
1. (a) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

(b) Explain different types of aerial photographs.
2. Explain these earth resource satellites

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(a) Indian Remote Sensing satellite (RESOURCESAT) – P6
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(b) NOAA
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3. List various image enhancement techniques and explain each in detail.
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4. (a) What are the components of GIS.
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(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS.
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5. Describe with neat sketch describe raster and vector data representation.
6. Describe Visual Analysis Methods (VAM).
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7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in flood impact assessment and
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monitoring using RS & GIS techniques.
8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in reservoir sedimentation.
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Code No. M0103
Set No. 4

(Civil Engineering)
*******
1. (a) List various photogrammetric activities describe any one in detail.

(b) Explain how aerial photographs are used in stereoscopy.
2. Explain the following
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(a) Radiometric resolution and temporal resolution.
(b) Energy interactions in the atmosphere
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3. (a) Explain the basic character of digital image
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(c) Write a note on geometric correction methods
4. (a) What are the components of GIS
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(b) Describe any 8 fundamental operations of GIS
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5. Discuss various types of Raster GIS models
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6. Explain the following advanced tools of GIS analysis along with suitable examples
(a) Network Analysis
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(b) Terrain Analysis
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(c) Spatial Operation
(d) Proximity Analysis
7. Write a neat flow chart diagram explain the methodology in drought impact assessment
and monitoring using RS & GIS techniques
8. Explain how Remote Sensing & GIS techniques are used in identification of sites for
artificial recharge structures for ground water development
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Code No: M0202/R05 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
?????
1. Compare Ybus and Zbus along with applications? Explain why Ybus is more popu-
larly used in CMPS? [16]
2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Zbus .
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[16]
c
3. Explain the Algorithm of GS method for load flow solution. Also discuss the effect
of acceleration factor on the same method.
ld . [16]
4. (a) Explain physically justifiable assumptions and additional assumptions utilized

in FDLF.
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(b) Explain how computational burden can be reduced drastically of ∆V correc-
tion variable is replaced by (∆V/V) in N-R Polar form. [8+8]
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5. (a) Prove that Zpu(new) = Zpu(old) ×
(M V A)Base(new)
(M V A)Base(old)
×
(KVLL )2Base old
(KVLL )2Base old
(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of figure 5. Choose base
j. n
quantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.
Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X 00 = 1.6 ohms.
w
Transformers T1 & T2 : 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HV
Transmission line: 20 ohms / phase
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Load: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]
Figure 5
6. Draw zero sequence network for the system shown in figure 6. [16]
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Figure 6
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in figure 7.
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7. A 50 Hz generator delivers 1.0 pu power at 0.8 pf lag to an infinite bus as shown
(a) Determine steady state stability limit.
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(b) If load increases by 2% what is the acceleration power
end of this time interval.
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(c) If acceleration power in (ii) is constant for 0.1 secs find the rotor angle at the
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Inertia constant of the generator is 2.5 MJ / MVA. [16]
j. n
w w Figure 7
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8. (a) State and justify the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.
(b) A generator having H = 6 MJ / MVA through a reactive network. The
generator is delivering power of 1.0 pu to the motor, when a fault occurs
which reduces delivered power to 0.6 pu. Determine angular acceleration of
the generator with respect to motor. [6+10]
?????
2 of 2
?????
1. For the given network shown in figure 1d connections form:
(a) Graph
(b) Tree
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c
(c) Co-tree
(d) Cut-set.
ld . [16]
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w Figure 1d
2. Form the Zbus for the given network connections and remove the element-2, form
the Zbus using removal of element formulae (take bus 4 as reference):
Self Mutual
[16]
Element Bus code Impedance Bus code Impedence

1 1-2 0.6
2 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.2
3 1-3 0.5
4 2-4 0.2
5 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.1
6 3-4 0.5
3. The YBus of a 5-bus system is (5×5)matrix. The system has an off nominal tap
ratio transformer between buses 3 and 5 as shown in figure 3 if the transformer
outage takes place, how are the YBU S elements are modified. [16]
1 of 3
Figure 3
4. Explain step-by-step algorithm of N-R (Polar form) algorithm including P-V buses.
[16]
(M V A)Base(new) (KVLL )2Base old
5. (a) Prove that Zpu(new) = Zpu(old) × (M V A)Base(old)
× (KVLL )2Base old
(b) Obtain pu impedance diagram of the power system of figure 5. Choose base
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quantities as 15 MVA and 33 KV.
Generator: 30 MVA, 10.5 KV, X 00 = 1.6 ohms.
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Transformers T1 & T2 : 15 MVA, 33/11 KV, X = 15 ohms referred to HV
r
Transmission line: 20 ohms / phase
Load: 40 MW, 6.6 KV, 0.85 lagging p.f. [4+12]
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j. n tu Figure 5
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6. Draw negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown in figure 6. [16]
w
Figure 6
7. (a) A transmission line has generalized circuit constants
A = 0.93 + j0.016; B = 20 + j140.
Find steady state stability limit if |VS | = |VR | = 220KV
(b) Define “synchronizing coefficient”. [16]
8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]
2 of 3
?????
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3 of 3
?????
1. Form Ybus for the network by direct inspection method: [16]

Element Positive sequence reactance
E-A
E-B
0.04
0.05
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c
A-B 0.04
B-C
A-D
C-F
0.03
0.02
0.07
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D-F 0.10
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2. Form the Zbus for the given network connections (take bus 1 as reference). [16]
Element
1
Self
Buscode Impedance
1-2 0.6
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Buscode Impedence
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2 1-2 0.4 1-2 (1) 0.2
3 1-3 0.5
4 2-4 0.2
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5 2-4 0.4 2-4 (4) 0.1
6 3-4 0.5
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3. Explain clearly how the nodal admittance matrix of a system is changed when an
won-load tap changing transformer is introduced in a line. Connected between two

buses. [16]
4. Derive N-R (Polar form) equations and N-R (Rectangular form) equations and
explain difference between these methods. [16]
5. (a) Justify the assumption that load currents and line charging currents are neg-
ligible in short circuit analysis.
(b) What is short circuit capacity and derive an expression for SCcapacity?[10+6]
6. (a) Impedance
 of an component
 is given by
zaa zab zac
Z abc =  zba zbb zbc  with Zab = Zba ; Zbc = Zcb ; Zac = Zca .
zca zcb zcc
012
Find Z .
(b) Power in a 3 phase circuit Pabc is expressed in symmetrical components P012 .
Show that Pabc = P012 . [8+8]
1 of 2
7. (a) Define steady state stability.
(b) Two turbo alternators with ratings given below are connected via a short line.
Machine 1: 4 pole, 50 Hz, 60 MW, 0.8 pf lag.
moment of inertia 30, 000 kg-m2
Machine 2: 2 pole, 50 Hz, 80 MW, 0.85 pf lag.
moment of inertia 10,000 kg-m2 .
Calculate the inertia constant of single equivalent machine on a base of 200
MVA. [16]
8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

(b) Explain point by point method of determine swing curve. [6+10]
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c
?????
ld .
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2 of 2
?????
1. Prove Ybus =At [y]A using singular transformation. [16]
2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Zbus . [16]
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3. Explain the treatment of PV buses in Gauss-Seidel load flow method. What is the
c
effect of Q-limit enforcement on rate of convergence of the method? [16]
ld .
4. (a) Explain FDLF method with importance of [B 0 ] and [B 00 ] matrices.
(b) For the power system shown in figure 4b compute [B 0 ] and [B 00 ] matrices.
[6+10]
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Bus code Impedances (P.u) Half line charging admittance (P.u)
1-2 (0.06+j0.18) j0.005
1-3
2-3
(0.02+j0.06)
(0.04+j0.12)
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j0.006
j0.005
j. n
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Figure 4b
5. (a) Derive an expression for Base impedance, given Base KVLL and Base MVA3−φ
(b) P.u impedance of a 3 phase transformer referred to LV is xT . Find pu im-
pedance referred to HV side.
(c) P.u impedance of an element is Zpu on a given Base KVLL and Base MVA3−φ .
What is its pu impedance on Base KVLL (new) and Base MVA3−φ (new).[4+6+6]
6. (a) Pabc is 3 phase power in a circuit and P012 is power in the same circuit in terms
of symmetrical components. Show that abc = 012 .
1 of 2
(b) The line currents in a 3 phase supply to an un balanced load are respectively
Ia = 10 + j20; Ib = 12 - j10; Ic = -3 - j5 Amp. phase sequence is abc. Determine
the sequence components of currents. [8+8]
7. In the system shown in figure 7 a capacitive reactance of 1.0 pu is connected at

bus 3. Determine steady state stability limit with and without capacitive reac-
tance assuming internal voltages of generator and motor to be 1.1 pu and 1.0 pu
respectively. [16]
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Figure 7
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8. (a) Explain point by point method of solving swing equation.
(b) Explain methods of improving transient stability. [8+8]
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2 of 2
Code No: N0302/R05 Set No. 1
CAD-CAM
( Common to Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy & Material Technology,
Production Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)
?????
1. (a) How would you classify software?
o m
(b) What are the automation achievements for the four types of production. [16]
2. Calculate the transformed (rotation of 300 ) coordinates of the following. A rectangle

of size 25 mm X 40 mm.
. c [16]
ld
3. What are the limitations in utilizing the sweep method for geometric construction?
[16]
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4. Explain the following facilities in Autodesk inventor with an example
Line / spline, Circle / ellipse, arc, rectangle, fillet / chamfer, point, hole center,
polygon, mirror.
tu w
5. (a) Distinguish between NC tooling and conventional tooling.
[16]
j. n
(b) Describe the advantages of NC manufacturing. [8+8]
6. Develop the form code of the Optiz system for the parts shown in figure 6 figure
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6a. All dimensions are in mm. [8+8]
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Figure 6
(a) Part drawing
1 of 2
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(b) Part drawing
Figure 6a
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7. What are the inputs required for MRP? Explain them.
r ld [16]
tries? Explain.
w o
8. Why are not the JIT concepts implemented in Indian and Western foreign Indus-
[16]
j. n tu ?????
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2 of 2
CAD-CAM
?????
1. (a) What is the structure of a computing system?

(b) What do you understand by the CPU?
o m [16]
2. An object is to be rotated about an axis parallel to X axis, but its origin passes
. c
through a point (Xc0 Yc0 ) Obtain the necessary transformation matrix in 2 dimen-
sions. [16]
windmill?
r ld
3. How do you model an object, which is irregular, as the blade of a propeller type
[16]
4. How do you plan for a drawing in AutoCAD.
w o [16]
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5. Explain the various stages involved in NC manufacturing. How do they differ from
traditional manufacturing? [16]
j. n
6. How do you reduce the inter-cellular movement among Machine cells? [16]
7. A finished product X is assembled from 3 subassemblies: A, B and C. Subassembly
w
A consists of 3 units of D, 4 units of E and one unit of F. To make B, 1unit of G
and 3 units of H are needed. Subassembly C requires 2 units of J and 3 units of F.
w
Component D requires 2 units of J and 1 unit of K.
w(a) Construct the product structure tree for the finished product.
(b) Estimate the requirement of all items required to produce 200 units of X.
(c) If there are 50 units of A, 100 units of B, 150 units of D and 200 units of J
already available in inventory, determine the net requirement of all items to
produce 200 units of X. [16]
8. Compare the JIT production system and Conventional system with respect to the
following:
(a) Quality control and Inspection and

(b) WIP inventory. [8+8]
?????
1 of 1
CAD-CAM
?????
1. Briefly explain the various categories of manufacturing activities. Write down the
m
advantages to be gained by the adoption of CAM. What are the advantages to be
gained by the adoption of CAD? [16]
2. Explain the basic principle of
. c o
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(a) the DDA algorithm and
(b) Bresenham’s algorithm for the linear interpolation for graphics terminals (No
o r
derivation of the relations). Explain the relative advantages of the methods.
[16]
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3. What are the types of surfaces that CAD/CAM systems use?
4. (a) Why does circle trimming follow the counterclockwise rule?

[16]
j. n
(b) Give some examples where the layering concept is useful. [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of BTR type of interface used in DNC?
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(b) What are the differences between CNC and DNC? [8+8]
6. A GT machine cell contains three machines Machine 1 feeds machine 2, which is the
key machine in the cell. Machine 2 feeds machine 3. The cell is set up to produce
wa family of five parts (A, B, C, D, and E). The operation times for each part at
each machine are given in the table below. The products are to be produced in the
ratios 4 : 3 : 2 : 2 : 1, respectively.
(a) If 35 hrs /week are worked, determine how many of each product will be made
by the cell
(b) What is the utilization of each machine in the cell? [16]
Part Operation time (min)

Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3
A 4 15 10
B 15 18 7
C 26 20 15
D 15 20 10
E 8 16 10
1 of 2
7. Explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of various layouts of FMS. [16]
8. How does Lean Manufacturing make a mass production system flexible? [16]
?????
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r ld
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j. n tu
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2 of 2
CAD-CAM
?????
1. (a) Describe the functioning of a central processing unit with the aid of block
diagram.
(b) What is the importance of a CPU in a computing system?
(c) How do you distinguish between a CPU and a microprocessor?
o m [16]
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2. Briefly explain the various graphic transformations required for manipulating the
ld
geometric information. [16]
in the total manufacturing scene?
o r
3. What do we expect a geometric modeling system to accomplish, in a broad sense,
[16]
w
4. Explain linear, diameteral, radial and angular dimensioning in AutoCAD with a
neat sketch. [16]
machine tools? Why?

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5. (a) In what way is the structure of NC machine tools different from conventional
j. n
(b) List the types of drives used for stepless control of NC machine tool spindles.
[8+8]
w w
6. Four machines used to produce a family of parts are to be arranged into a GT cell.
The From-To data for the parts processed by the machines are shown in the Table
below.
w(a) Determine the most logical sequence of machines for this data using Hollier
Method .
(b) Construct the flow diagram for the data, showing where and how many parts
enter and exit the system,
(c) Compute the percentage of in-sequence moves and the percentage of back-
tracking moves in the solution.
(d) Develop a feasible layout plan for the cell. [16]
From To
1 2 3 4
1 0 10 0 40
2 0 0 0 0
3 50 0 0 20
4 0 50 0 0
1 of 2
7. How does FMS differ from conventional manufacturing system? What is meant by
‘flexibility’ in manufacturing system? [16]
8. What is meant by Kaizen? How is it implemented? [16]
?????
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r ld
w o
j. n tu
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2 of 2
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
?????
1. (a) Discuss in detail various modes of propagation in an optical fiber.
o m
(b) Light traveling in air strikes glass at an angle of θ1 = 330 where θ1 is measured
between incoming ray and glass surface. Part of beam is reflected and part is
c
refracted. If the refracted and reflected beam make an angle of 900 with each
glass?
ld .
other, what is the refractive index of glass? What is the critical angle of the
[8+8]
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2. (a) Explain what is meant by the critical bending radius for an optical fiber.
o
(b) A single mode fiber maintains birefringent coherence over a length of 100 km
when it is illuminated with an injection laser source with a spectral line width
w
of 1.5 nm and a peak wavelength of 1.32 µm. Estimate the beat length within
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the fiber and comment on the result. [8+8]
j. n
3. Derive the expression for the relationship between material dispersion and wave-
length of the optical fiber with suitable examples. [16]
4. (a) Discuss on light source materials.
w w
(b) FWHM power spectral width LED‘s become wider at longer wavelengths.
Justify this statement. [8+8]
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5. (a) Define equilibrium numerical aperture.
(b) An LED with circular emission region of diameter 200 µm and an axial radi-
ance of 100 W / cm2 - Sr at 100mA drive current is coupled into a step index
fiber of 50µm radius and of 0.22 numerical aperture. Compute the power cou-
pled into this step index fiber. Compute the % difference in coupled power if
the radius of the fiber is halved.
(c) Calculate the power coupled from the source specified above into a parabolic
index graded-index fiber of 50µm diameter with n1 =1.485 and ∆ = 0.01.
[3+8+5]
6. (a) Define responsivity of an APD. List out the drawbacks of a Germanium APD
for use in digital fiber optic links.
(b) An APD with a multiplication factor of 20 operates at a wavelength of 1550
nm. Calculate the quantum efficiency and the output photo current from the
device if the responsivity due to primary photo detection is 0.6 A/W when
1011 photons per second are incident on the device. Use the necessary physical
1 of 2
constants listed. [8+8]
Speed of light in vacuum =3 × 108 m/s
Electron charge =1.602 × 10−19 C
Planck’s constant =6.6256 × 10−34 J-S.
7. (a) List and describe all the system considerations for selection of components in
the design of a fiber optic link.
(b) Describe a procedure to carryout the power budget analysis of a fiber optic
link. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain how mode filling during launching of optical power into a fiber effects
attenuation in a Fiber.
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(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of
attenuation.
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(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km fiber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. The
ld
optical power measured when the fiber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Compute
the attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical fiber at 850nm wavelength. Mention
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the conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]
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j. n
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2 of 2
Telematics)
?????
1. (a) Draw the block diagram of an optical transmission link and explain the func-
m
tion of each element.
o
(b) Discuss the applications of optical fiber system. [8+8]
. c
2. (a) What are macro bending losses and micro bending losses? Explain with suit-
able diagrams.
r ld
(b) Determine the cut off wavelength for a step index fiber to suppart single mode
operation when the core refractive index and core radius are 1.46 and 4 µm
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respectively with the relative index difference being 0.25%.
3. (a) A given fiber has dispersion parameter D = 20 ps nm−1 Km −1 and length L

[8+8]
= 10 Km, laser with spectral half width δλ = 1nm is used as light source and
the fiber. Calculate:

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an input signal (bit) duration ∆t1 = 1ns is introduced at the entrance end of
j. n
i. The percentage of output bit duration and
ii. The bandwidth length product of that fiber.
w w
(b) What is mode coupling? Give the effect of mode coupling on dispersion in
graded index fibers. [8+8]
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4. (a) What is a strip laser? Explain its function. Mention the advantages of this
laser.
(b) Write short notes on “Hetero junction structures”. [8+8]

[3+8+5]
6. (a) List out and elaborate the desirable features of a photo detector to be suitable
for a fiber optic receiver.
1 of 2
(b) Using necessary equations describe photo current generation and carrier mul-
tiplication processes in an Avalanche Photo Diode detector. [8+8]
7. (a) Analyse the conditions for a fiber optic link to be categorized as dispersion
limited.
(b) A 90 Mbps NRZ Data transmission system uses a GaAlAs laser diode having
2nm spectral width. The transmission distance is 7 Km over a graded -index
fiber having 800 MHz-Km bandwidth-distance product. Calculate the system
rise time if there is no mode mixing in the 7Km length of the fiber such
that mode mixing factor, q = 1. The rise times of source with its drive
circuitry and detector along with associated receiver electronics are 12ns and
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15ns respectively. Material dispersion factor, Dmat is given as 0.08ns/nm-Km.
[8+8]
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8. (a) Explain how mode filling during launching of optical power into a fiber effects
ld
attenuation in a Fiber.
(b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut back method of measurement of
attenuation.
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(c) Optical power output of a 2.8Km fiber is 10mW at 850nm wavelength. The
w
optical power measured when the fiber is cut off to 20m is 128mW. Compute
the attenuation (dB/Km) in the optical fiber at 850nm wavelength. Mention
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the conditions for attenuation measurement. [4+4+8]
j. n ?????
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2 of 2
Telematics)
?????
1. (a) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain the
functions of each block.
optic communication.
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(b) Discuss briefly about the leaky modes and mode coupling losses in the fiber
[8+8]
2. (a) Discuss mode cut off conditions in optical fibers.
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(b) A single mode fiber has a beat length in the range 7cm to 1m. What range
r
of propagation constant difference does this correspond to for an operating
wavelength of 1500 nm? [8+8]
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3. (a) The zero dispersion wavelength for a single mode fiber is 1.3 µm with a disper-
sion slope 0.1 ps m−2 km−1 . Compare the total first order dispersion for the
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fiber at the wavelengths 1.25 µm and 1.55 µm. When the material dispersion
and profile dispersion of the wavelength 1.55 µm are 12 ps nm−1 km−1 and
j. n
0.3 ps nm−1 km−1 respectively. Determine the wave guide dispersion at this
wavelength.
(b) The polarization mode dispersion in an uniformly birefringent single mode
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fiber is 250 ps km−1 . Calculate the bandwidth and maximum bit rate that
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may be obtained on a 10 Km repeaterless link assuming that there is only
polarization mode dispersion. [8+8]
w
4. (a) Draw the structures of fabry perot LASER diode and distributed feed back
(DFB) LASER diodes. Compare them.
(b) Discuss the modulation capability of LASER diode. [8+8]
[3+8+5]
6. (a) Reason out if the two parameters, ’quantum efficiency’ and ’responsivity’ sig-
nify the same properties of a detector diode.
1 of 2
(b) A PIN diode is characterized by a quantum efficiency of 72% at a wavelength
of 900 nm. Calculate:
i. Responsivity of the PIN diode at 900 nm.
ii. Received optical power if the mean photo current is 10 mA at 900 nm.
iii. Number of received photons for 1 mA mean photo generated current.
[8+8]
7. (a) Explain various factors contributing to overall optical system rise time.
(b) Calculate the system rise time for a 6 Km fiber optic link of following specifi-
cations. [10+6]
Rise time of the LED and its drive electronics = 14ns
Material dispersion related rise time degradation = 21ns
Bandwidth of the optical receiver = 25MHz
o m
Bandwidth-distance product of the fiber
Mode mixing factor, q
. c
=400 MHz-Km
= 0.7
link.
r ld
8. (a) Describe eye pattern technique to assess the performance of digital fiber optic
scheme in optical links.
w o
(b) Explain in detail the operational principle, key features and benefits of WDM
[8+8]
j. n tu ?????
w w
w
2 of 2
Telematics)
?????
1. (a) Give any three applications of optical fibers for instrumentation and explain
them with the necessary figures.
o m
(b) Calculate the number of modes at 1550 nm and 1300 nm in a graded index
optical fiber having a parabolic index profile, a 20 µm core radius, n1 = 1.48
and n2 = 1.46.
. c [8+8]
ld
2. (a) What is cut off condition for mode propagation in optical fibers? Discuss.
(b) An optical signal at a specific wavelength has lost 55 percent of its power after
o r
traversing 3.5 km of fiber. What is the attenuation in dB/ Km of this fiber?
[8+8]
light through GRIN fibers.

w
3. Derive and discuss the expressions for propagation and multi path dispersion of
tu
[16]
4. (a) List out the advantages of semiconductor laser diodes over LED, when used
j. n
for fiber transmission.
(b) An LED is made with gallium arsenide dopped with aluminium and has an
w
energy band gap of 1.55 eV. What is its dominant emission wavelength.[8+8]
w
5. (a) With neat diagrams describe the power coupling from a Surface emitting LED
into a multimode fiber.
w(b) A GaAs source of 200 µm diameter active area and refractive index of 3.6
couples power into an all silica optical fiber of 50 µm diameter and 1.458
refractive index. Estimate the loss in power coupling due to area and refractive
index mismatch between the devices. Express the loss computed in dB also.
[8+8]
6. (a) Describe important specifications of a semiconductor photo diode to be suit-
able for fiber optic communications.
(b) Compute the range of quantum efficiency of an InGas PIN diode in the wave-
length range between 1200 nm and 1600 nm if the responsivity of the diode
is specified to be more than 0.6 A/W in the required wavelength region. Use
the necessary physical constants listed. [8+8]
8
Speed of light in vacuum =3 × 10 m/s
Electron charge =1.602 × 10−19 C
Planck’s constant =6.6256 × 10−34 J-S
Boltzman’s constant =1.38 × 1023 J/K
Band gap energy of Gas = 1.15 eV at 300K.
1 of 2
7. (a) Estimate the maximum possible link length for operation at 60Mbps and BER
of 10−9 for the long haul single mode optical fiber system operating at 850nm
and specified below.
Mean power launched from transmitter = -3dBm
Attenuation in optical fiber cable = 2dB/Km
Loss in all splices = 0.3 dB/Km
Connector loss at the transmitter and receiver = 1.2dB/connector
Receiver sensitivity at 60Mbps for BER of 10 −9
= -48dBm
Required safety margin = 8dB
(b) Is the above specified link attenuation limited for a 26 Km link length? If yes,
suggest a solution for eliminating the limitation. [10+6]
o m
8. (a) Describe insertion-loss method of measurement of attenuation in an optical
c
fiber with suitable schematics.
surement of attenuation.
ld .
(b) Compare and contrast insertion-loss technique with cut-back technique of mea-
r
(c) What is a mode stripper? Explain the necessity of mode stripper in the
measurement of attenuation in an optical fiber. .
o
[8+4+4]
tu w?????
j. n
w w
w
2 of 2
Code No. N0504
Set No. 1

MOBILE COMPUTING
(Common to Computer science &Engineering, Information Technology,
Electronics & Computer Engineering)

*******
1. a) Discuss the system architecture of GSM.
b) What are the drawbacks of mobile and wireless devices.
o m
2. a) What is CDMA? Explain in detail.
. c
b) Explain in detail about Demand assigned multiple access(DAMA).
with the home agent.

r ld
3. a) Explain the registration of a mobile node via the foreign and direct registration
w o
b) What are the requirements for a Mobile IP? Explain.
4. a) Explain the concept of Fast retransmit / Fast recovery in traditional TCP.
tu
b) Explain Transmission/Time-out freezing approach.
j. n
5. a) Explain the concept Data hoarding with the help of a diagram.
b) Write brief notes on Data caching.
w w
6. a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.
b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.
w
7. a) Explain in detail, properties of MANET.
b) Explain Dynamic source routing in MANETs.
8. Explain wireless datagram protocol and Transaction protocol.
1of 1
Code No. N0504
Set No. 2

MOBILE COMPUTING

*******
1. a) Discuss in detail about GSM and its services.

b) Write the applications and limitations of wireless networks and
o m
mobile communications.
. c
ld
2. a) What is Spread aloha multiple access (SAMA)? Explain briefly
working of SAMA.
r
b) Write short notes on classical aloha and slotted aloha.
o
w
3. a) Discuss about agent advertisement and delivery.
b) What is the purpose of DHCP? Explain client initialization via DHCP.
4.
j. n tu
a) Explain Snooping TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.
b) Write brief notes on Fast retransmit / Fast recovery of mobile transport
layer.
5.
w
a) Write in detail about cache invalidation mechanisms.
w
b) Explain the issues relating to quality of service in mobile networks.
6.
7.
w
a) Explain Pull based data delivery mechanisms in detail.
b) Explain index and distributed index based selective tuning techniques.
a) Explain routing complications in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks.

b) Describe security problems in MANETs.
8. a) Explain in detail about Wireless transport layer security.

b) Explain in detail about wireless application environment (WAE)
logical model.
1of 1
Code No. N0504
Set No.3

MOBILE COMPUTING

*******
1. a) Explain about the protocol of GSM.
m
b) Explain briefly about architecture reference model of Mobile computing.
o
2.
c
a) What is the reason for failure of MAC schemes in wireless networks?
What is done in wired networks to avoid this effect?
.
ld
b) Explain packet reservation multiple access (PRMA).
3.
r
a) Write detailed notes on IP encapsulation mechanisms.
o
b) What is reverse tunneling? What additional routes do packets take if
w
reverse tunneling is required?
tu
4. a) Write a brief notes on congestion control in traditional TCP.
b) Explain Indirect TCP. What are its advantages and disadvantages.
5.
j. n
a) Explain data cache maintenance in mobile environment.
b) Explain Power – aware computing.
6.
w w
a) Write brief notes on communication asymmetry with the help of diagrams.
b) Explain interleaved Push – Pull based data delivery mechanism.
7.
w
a) Write the differences between Ad-Hoc networks and other networks?
And explain the applications of MANETs.
b) Explain dynamic source routing in MANETs.
8. a) Explain the architecture of WAP.

b) Explain the wireless session protocol of the session layer.
1of 1
Code No. N0504
Set No.4

MOBILE COMPUTING

*******
1. a) Explain the following.
i)Handover in GSM ii) Security services in GSM
o m
c
b) Explain high speed circuit switched data transmission approach.
.
ld
2. a) Write short notes on concept of Multiple access control and explain
its reference model.
b) Explain fixed TDM pattern and its advantages.
o r
w
3. a) Describe data transfer from a mobile node to fixed node and vice-versa.
b) Write short notes on IPv6.
j. n tu
4. a) Write the differences between TCP and UDP.
b) Compare several enhancements to TCP for mobility.
5. a) List and explain the context types in context aware computing.
w w
b) Write about the client server computing with adaptation.
6. a) Explain push based data delivery mechanisms in detail.
w b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.
7. a) Describe the working of Mobile Ad-Hoc network.

b) Explain Destination sequence distance vector routing algorithm in MANETs.
8. a) Define WAP and briefly explain about the features and characteristics of
WAP.
b) Discuss about the wireless transaction protocol of the transaction layer.
1of 1
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS
(Chemical Engineering)
?????
1. What is HAZOP? Explain it by giving a case study in any process industry of your
choice. [16]
ment.
o m
2. Explain different items under service facilities contributing to fixed capital invest-
[16]
. c
3. Explain the modular estimate and unit-operation estimate methods in estimating
ld
fixed capital investment. [16]
4. Explain the following:
(a) Future worth
o r
(b) Nominal Interest rate
tu w
(c) What will be the total amount available 10 years from now if Rs. 2,00,000 is
deposited at the present time with nominal interest at the rate of 10 percent
j. n
compounded semiannually? [5+5+6]
5. (a) Write about
w w
i.
ii.
iii.
Tax exemptions for dividends received
Contributions
Investment credit
w iv. Capital gains tax

(b) Write about the major insurance requirements for manufacturing concerns.
[8+8]
6. (a) Describe the sum-of-the-years-digits method for determining depreciation, with

an example.
(b) The total value of a new plant is Rs. 2,000,000. A certificate of necessity has
been obtained permitting a write-off of 60% of the initial value in 5 years. The
balance of the plant requires a write-off period of 15 years. Using the straight
line method and assuming negligible salvage and crap value, determine the
total depreciation cost during the first year. [8+8]
7. A company must purchase one reactor to be used in an overall operation. Four

reactors have been designed, all of which are equally capable of giving the requires
service. The following data apply to the four designs:
1 of 2
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4
Fixed-capital investment Rs.10,000 Rs.12,000 Rs.14,000 Rs.16,000
Sum of operating 3,000 2,800 2,350 2,100
and fixed costs per year
(all other costs are constant)
If the company demands a 15% return on any unnecessary investment, which of
the four designs should be accepted? [16]
8. (a) What is optimum economic design? Illustrate the principles of an optimum

economic design by means of an example.
(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-
cally and graphically.
o m [8+8]
?????
. c
r ld
w o
j. n tu
w w
w
2 of 2
?????
1. Discuss the maintenance of accounting records. [16]
2. Explain the factors affecting Investment and production costs. [16]
o m
3. A plant operating at 100% capacity has a net profit of Rs. 40,000 with a 38% profit
c
tax:
What is the break-even point? And
ld .
(a) If the fixed costs are Rs. 1,10,000 and variable costs are 61% of the net sales.
o r
(b) If the variable costs are increased 10% per unit at operations above 100%
capacity, what is the net profit for sales at 120% of capacity? [8+8]
(b) Explain time value of money

(c) Interest in a large business.
w
4. (a) Interest effects in a small business
tu [6+5+5]
j. n
5. (a) Give the three different types of classification of taxes and discuss about them
in detail.
w w
(b) Explain
i. Carry-back and carry-forward of losses
ii. Excess profits tax
w iii. Capital gains tax.
6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.
[10+6]
(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumed
to have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of
service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service life
and final salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.
Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of the
total life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]
7. A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Because
all three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the same service, only
one of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are the same for all three
cases. Company policies, based on the current economic situation dictate that a
minimum annual return on the original investment of 15% after taxes must be
predicted for any unnecessary investment with interest on investment not included
1 of 2
as a cost. (This may be assumed to mean that other equally sound investments
yielding a 15% return after taxes are available) Company policies also dictate that,
where applicable, straight-line depreciation is used and, for time value of money
interpretations, end-of-year cost and profit analysis is used. Land value and pre-
startup costs can be ignored.
Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be made by
alternative-analysis profitability-evaluation method of discounted cash flow.
In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annual cash
ment fixed capital at end of life, flow to expenses
num -capital . investment, service years project (constant
-ber - investment,
Rs.
Rs. life,
Rs.
o m
after taxes,
Rs.
for
each
. c year),
Rs.
ld
1 100,000 10,000 10,000 5 See yearly 44,000
tabulation*
2
3
170,000
210,000
10,000
15,000
o r
15,000
20,000
7
8
52,000
(constant)
59,000
28,000
21,000
tu w
*For investment number 1, variable annual cash flow to project is:
(constant)
year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 = Rs.40,000,
j. n
year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12] *For investment number 1, variable annual cash flow
to project is: year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year
4 = Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]
w w
8. Solve graphically:
The objective function is to maximize 3x1 + 4x2 subject to the linear constraints o
2x1 + 5x2 ≤ 10
w4x1 + 3x2 ≤ 10
x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0.
?????
[16]
2 of 2
?????
1. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different types of heat exchangers

used in chemical process industries. [16]
2. Write about the following:
o m
c
(a) Cost index
(b) Engineering news - record construction cost index
(c) Chemical Engineering plant cost index.
ld . [5+5+6]
3. Describe the total manufacturing costs.
4. (a) Interest effects in a small business

o r [16]
(b) Explain time value of money
tu
(c) Interest in a large business. w [6+5+5]
j. n
5. (a) Give the three different types of classification of taxes and discuss about them
in detail.
(b) Explain
w w
i. Carry-back and carry-forward of losses
ii. Excess profits tax
w iii. Capital gains tax.
6. (a) Distinguish between book value, market value and replacement value.
[10+6]
(b) The original investment for an asset was Rs. 10,000, and the asset was assumed
to have a service life of 12 years with Rs. 2,000 salvage value at the end of
service life. After the asset has been in use for 5 years, the remaining service life
and final salvage value are reestimated at 10 years and Rs. 1000, respectively.
Under these conditions, what is depreciation cost during the sixth year of the
total life if straight line depreciation is used? [6+10]
7. (a) Discuss about capitalized costs method for determining profitability.

(b) A company has three alternative investments which are being considered. Be-
cause all three investments are of the same type of unit and yield the same
service, only one of the investments can be accepted. The risk factors are the
same for all three cases. Company policies, based on the current economic
situation dictate that a minimum annual return on the original investment
of 15% after taxes must be predicted for any unnecessary investment with
1 of 2
interest on investment not included as a cost. (This may be assumed to mean
that other equally sound investments yielding a 15% return after taxes are
available) Company policies also dictate that, where applicable, straight-line
depreciation is used and, for time value of money interpretations, end-of-year
cost and profit analysis is used. Land value and pre-startup costs can be ig-
nored.
Given the following data, determine which investment, if any, should be made
by alternative-analysis profitability-evaluation method of capitalized costs.
In-vest- Total initial Working Salvage value Service Annual cash Annual
ment fixed capital at end of life, flow to cash
num -capital . investment, service years project expenses
-ber - investment,
Rs.
Rs. life,
Rs.
o m after
taxes,
(constant
for
c
Rs. each
1 100,000 10,000
ld
10,000. 5 See yearly
year),
Rs.
44,000
2 170,000 10,000
o r 15,000 7
tabulation*
52,000
(constant)
28,000
3 210,000
tu w 15,000 20,000 8
*For investment number 1, variable annual cash flow to project is:

59,000
(constant)
21,000
j. n
year 1 = Rs. 30,000, year 2 = Rs. 31,000, year 3 = Rs. 36,000, year 4 =
Rs.40,000, year 5 = Rs. 43,000. [4+12]
w
8. Discuss the following:
w
(a) Generalization of strategy for linear programming.
(b) Solution of simultaneous equations using a slack variable. [8+8]
w ?????
2 of 2
?????
1. Explain the different stages in the plant design? [16]
2. What are the utilites? Explain their role in chemical processing and what category
the cost of utilities to be included?
o m [16]
c
3. Discuss the following:
(a) Depreciation
(b) Plant overhead costs
ld .
(c) Administrative costs
(d) Distribution and marketing costs.
o r [4+4+4+4]
(a) Simple interest
tu w
j. n
(b) Compound interest
(c) Nominal and effective interest rates. [16]
w w
5. Self insurance is being considered for one portion of a chemical company. The
fixed-capital investment involved is Rs. 2,50,000, and insurance costs for complete
protection would amount to Rs. 2,000 per year. If self insurance is used, a reserve
wfund will be set up under the companys jurisdiction, and annual insurance premiums
of Rs. 1,500 would be deposited in this fund under an ordinary annuity plan. All
money in the fund can be assumed to earn interest at a compound annual rate of
5%. Neglecting any charges connected with administration of the fund, how much
money would be deposited in the fund at the beginning of he program in order to
have enough money accumulated to replace a complete Rs. 2,50,000 loss after 10
years. [16]
6. (a) Derive the expression for the asset value by the sinking fund method. Com-
pare the salient features of sinking fund method with straight line method for
determining depreciation.
(b) The original cost of a property is Rs. 30,000, and it is depreciated by a 6%
sinking fund method. What is the annual depreciation charge if the book
value of the property after 10 years is the same as if it had been depreciated
at Rs. 2,500 per year by the straight line method? [8+8]
7. (a) Explain rate of return on investment for profitability analysis.
1 of 2
(b) An investigation of a proposed investment has been made. The following
result has been presented to management: The minimum payout period based
on capital recovery using a minimum annual return of 10% as a fictitious
expense is 10 years; annual depreciation costs amount to 8% of the total
investment. Using this information, determine the standard rate of return on
the investment. [6+10]
8. (a) Discuss about the intangible and practical considerations in optimum design.
(b) Describe the general procedure for optimizing a single variable, both analyti-
cally and graphically. [8+8]
?????
o m
. c
r ld
w o
j. n tu
w w
w
2 of 2
PC BASED INSTRUMENTATION
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
?????
1. What are the different components included on the motherboard of a PC. Draw
typical layout diagram of mother board and explain. [16]
2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?
o m
(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that
can be used with SCXI?
. c [6+10]
ld
3. (a) Explain how a single character can be returned from the key board in C .Write
an example program.
Write an example program.

o r
(b) Explain how a string of characters can be returned from the key board in C.
[8+8]
tu w
4. Discuss how relays are interfaced and controlled by PLC.
5. (a) Explain programming of a PLC with an example.

[16]
j. n
(b) Explain a ladder logic diagram. [10+6]
6. Write short notes on the following: [8+8]
w w
(a) Cascading counters.
(b) Combining counter and timer circuits.
w
7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples.
8. Explain HART protocol operation with neat block diagram.

[16]
[16]
?????
1 of 1
?????
o m
2. What is RS232C interface? Explain the advantages, limitations and specifications.
[16]
. c
3. What is assembly language programming? Describe in detail the Advantages and
ld
disadvantages of assembly language programming. [16]
o r
4. Discuss the function of various transducers and sensors and explain how they are
interfaced to PLC CPU.
5. Draw and explain the ladder diagram to represent:

[16]
tu w
(a) A light is to come on if there is no input to a sensor.
(b) A motor is switches on by pressing a spring return push button start switch
j. n
and the motor remains on until another spring return push button stop switch
is pressed. [8+8]
w w
6. Explain the PLC MOVE function and its applications.
7. Explain PLC analog output applications with examples.

[16]
[16]
w
8. Explain the applications of the following in process industries:
(a) Field bus

(b) HART protocol.
[8+8]
?????
1 of 1
?????
1. Explain computer interfacing for data acquisition and control in process control
instrumentation. [16]
function of I/O devices in detail.
o m
2. (a) What are I/O devices in Data Acquisition and Control system? Explain the
. c
(b) What are the guide lines to be followed in selecting the data acquisition &
control? [8+8]
example for each.

r ld
3. Explain how loops and nested loops are implemented in C programming give an
[16]
w o
4. Describe the PLC output control of motors and motor starters. [16]
tu
j. n
6. Describe the PLC digital bit Control system.
7. Explain the characteristics of a P+D controller with an example.

[16]
[16]
w w
8. (a) Define state language programming of a PLC.
(b) Describe the four basic components of a step in a state language programming.
w ?????
[8+8]
1 of 1
?????
2. (a) What are industrial signal controllers?
o m
(b) What is SCXI? What are the appropriate analog inputs and digital I/O that
can be used with SCXI?
. c [6+10]
ld
3. Describe the how to use Configuration files and Device drivers in DOS. [16]
instruments?
o r
4. (a) what is the need for isolator? What type of isolator is used with PC based
(b) What is Sinking device and Sourcing device? How they are connected to power
supply.
tu w
[8+8]
j. n
6. Write short notes on the following PLC counters: [8+8]
w w
(a) Up-counters.
(b) Down - counters.
w
7. Explain discrete and analog operation of a PLC with examples.
8. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Field bus.

[16]
[8+8]
(b) HART protocol.
?????
1 of 1
ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS
( Common to Electronics & Control Engineering and Instrumentation &
Control Engineering)
?????
1. (a) Discuss about regulation of a quality variable in process control system.

(b) i. With an example, discuss about short period dynamics.
ii. Write about certainity equivalence principle.
o m [8+4+4]
. c
2. (a) Explain the time varying parameters, in model description.
ld
(b) Discuss about finite impulse response models. [8+8]
3. Consider the system

G(s) = G1 (s)G2 (s)
where G1 (s) = s+qp r
, G2 (s) = s+t
o r
, where p and q are unknown parameters and r
for a partially known system.

w
and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithms
tu
4. Explain the design procedure of minimum variance and moving average controllers.
[16]
j. n
Illustrate these controllers with suitable example. [16]
s2 +6s+8
5. (a) Check whether the transfer function G(s) = is SPR.
w
s2 +4s+8
(b) Explain how SPR for a system can be tested using Kalman-Yakubovich lemma.
w w
7. Consider a process described the transfer function G(s)= 1+sτ k
[8+8]
6. Show how Lyapunovs theory can be used to derive stable MRAS for linear systems.
[16]
e−sL . Obtain the

amplitude margin for the system and show that it is identical to the setting obtained
by applying Zieler-Nichols rule. [16]
8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]
?????
1 of 1
?????
1. (a) With an example, explain the variations in disturbance characteristics in adap-
m
tive control system.
o
(b) Write about the different types of controller structures.
tem.
. c
(c) Write the different steps involved in construction of an adaptive control sys-
[6+5+5]
on the state of growth of regression vector.
r ld
2. (a) With an example, discuss briefly how the precision of the estimate depends
w o
(b) Discuss about statistical properties of least square estimation.
3. (a) Explain self tuning regulator with the help of a block diagram.
[8+8]
tu
(b) Discuss about minimum degree pole placement design with an algorithm.[8+8]
j. n
4. (a) Explain the properties of minimum variance and moving average self tuners.
(b) Explain about linear quadratic STR. [8+8]
w w
5. (a) Explain Lyapunov stability. Also explain positive definite and semi definite
functions
(b) Explain the methods for constructing Lyapunov functions. [8+8]
w
6. (a) Explain the adaptation of a feed forward gain.
(b) Describe the Error model of the form ε = G (P ) ΦT (t) (θ0 − θ) .

7. (a) Define and explain the method of describing function.

[8+8]
TR/2
(b) Prove that Γ= eAs dsB in a linear system with relay control. [8+8]
0
8. (a) Describe gain scheduling

(b) Explain the working principle of gain scheduling. [8+8]
?????
1 of 1
?????
1. (a) Explain the following:

i. Process description
ii. MIT rule.
o m
(b) Write about different types of controller structures.
. c [4+4+8]
ld
2. (a) Explain briefly the recursive least squares estimation.
r
(b) Differentiate between recursive least square estimation and extended least
square estimation. [8+8]
3. Consider the system G(s) = G1 (s) G2 (s)

b
where G1 (s)= (s+a) c
;G2 (s)= (s+d)
w o
, a and b are unknown parameters and c and d
tu
are known. Construct discrete time direct self tuning algorithm for the partially
known system. [16]
j. n
4. (a) Explain, how minimum variance controller can be interpreted as pole place-
ment controller.
w w
(b) Discuss about non-minimum phase systems.
5. (a) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time invariant systems.
[8+8]
w(b) Explain methods for finding Lyapunov functions.
6. With suitable explain diagram the MRAS for a first-order system.
7. (a) Define and explain the method of describing function.

kα
[8+8]
[16]
(b) Consider a system with relay feed in a relay auto-tuner with G(s)= s(s+1)(s+α)
where k = 5, α = 10, d = 1 and uc = 0. Obtain the value of ultimae period
Tu , by describing function method. [8+8]
8. Explain in detail any two applications of gain scheduling. [16]
?????
1 of 1
?????
(a) MIT rule

(b) Hyper state
o m
(c) Underlying design problem
. c
ld
(d) Certainty equivalence principle. [4+4+4+4]
θ(t) = ΦV θ(t − 1) + V (t)

Y (t) = ΦT (t) θ(t) + e(t)
o r
2. Consider the following model of time varying parameters:
tu w
where V(t), t = 1,2, and e(t), t = 1,2, are sequences of independent, equally distrib-
uted random vectors with zero mean values and covariance R1 and R2 respectively.
Show that the recursive estimates of θ are given by
j. n
∧ ∧ ∧
θ(t) = θ(t − 1) + K(t){y(t) − ϕT (t) θ(t − 1)}
K(t) = ΦV P(t-1) ϕ (t-1) (R2 + ϕT ((t-1) P(t-1) ϕ(t-1))−1
P(t) = ΦV P(t-1) ΦTV +R1 - ΦV P (t-1)ϕ(t)(R2 + ϕT ((t)P(t-1)ϕ(t))−1 +ϕT (t)P(t-1)ϕTV .
w w
3. Consider the system
G(s) = G1 (s)G2 (s)
[16]
wwhere G1 (s) = s+qp r

, G2 (s) = s+t , where p and q are unknown parameters and r
and t are known. Construct discrete time direct and indirect self tuning algorithms
for a partially known system. [16]
4. (a) Explain indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on spectral factorization.

(b) Explain about indirect LQG-STR algorithm based on the Ricatti equation.
[8+8]
5. (a) State and explain Lyapunov stability.

(b) State and prove Lyapunov stability theorem for time varying systems. [6+10]
(a) Augmented error

(b) MRAS using Lyapunov rule
(c) Positive real transfer function
1 of 2
(d) Kalman-Yakubovich lemma. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Describe the function of realistic PID regulator.

(b) What are the several ways of auto tuning? [8+8]
8. (a) Gain scheduling can be regarded as adaptive controllers Justify.

(b) Gain scheduling can be used to compensate non-linearities - Discuss. [8+8]
?????
o m
. c
r ld
w o
j. n tu
w w
w
2 of 2
Code No. M2110
Set No. 1


ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL FULID DYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
*******
m
1. Which averaging approach would you recommend for periodically forced unsteady
flows?
2. Discuss briefly Leap frog and dufort-frankel scheme.
. c o
ld
3. Plot and explain application of the Lax-Wendroff method to the inviscid Burgers
Equation.
o r
4. Write short notes on computing separated flows using the boundary layer equations?
5. Distinguish between simple transformation and generalized transformation?
tu w
6. Explain in detail the generalized coordinate approach the boundary layer for internal
j. n
of external flows?
7. Consider the Ordinary Differential equation
w

w
Determine the leading term of the local truncation error for this method?
w
8. In a flow generated by the incompressible boundary layer equation, it is often said
that the Reynolds number is of the order of 1/İ2. What is the basis for this statement?
1of 1

No. M2110
Code
Set No. 2

m
*******
equations.
. c o
1. Discuss briefly the Crank Nicholson scheme applicable to the boundary layer
ld
2. Explain vortex panel method with the help of an example.
r
3. What is potential flow? Derive an equation for a potential flow past a symmetric
object.
w o
4. Using vonNewmann stability analysis show that the first order upwind scheme is
tu

stable for time step

j. n
5. Explain the difference between the following terms
(a) Consistency and Convergence
w w (b) Roundoff errors and Truncation errors

(c) Shock point and parabolic point
(d) Rotational Flow and Separational flow
w
6. What is geometric conservation law? Explain with an example. Mention its
advantages.
7. Explain Crank – Napoleon algorithm. Formulate Numerical solution for the unsteady,
incompressible and coutte flow.
8. Solve the poisson’s equation using Finite Difference method.

1of 1

Code No. M2110
Set No. 3


*******
o m
c
1. Find one of the roots of the following equation with your method of choice.
less than 10-6
ld .
f(x)=x+12/tanx, the relative error in the root, between consecutive steps, should be
r
2. Write exact linear stability condition for wave equation using Lax-Wendroff method
o
tu w
3. Using a Navier-Stokes formulation, derive the set of governing first order, non-linear
differential equations and interpret the physical meaning of the internal structure of a
normal shock wave. Consider appropriate limiting cases.
j. n
4. Define terms stability, consistency and convergence? Briefly discuss the stability
analysis with an example.
w w
5. The unsteady motion due to the impulsive acceleration of an infinite flat plate in a
viscous incompressible fluid is known as the Rayleigh problem and may be solved
w
exactly. The equation that governs the velocity distribution is

where is
the kinematic viscosity. This equation is subject to the boundary conditions u(0,y)=0
u(t,0)=U t>0 u(t,) =0 [NOTE: If the flow is 2-D, only the velocity component
parallel to the plate will be nonzero]
6. What is Reiman invariant equation? Explain the terms in detail.
7. Explain shock capturing methods and briefly discuss about the transonic shocks.
8. Discuss typical travelling problem for Burgers Equation
1of 1

Code No. M2110
Set No. 4


m
*******
c
1. Considering N-S equations in Cartesian co-ordinates without body forces as
$ %
. o

"
! # !
ld
! & ' Derive time-split procedure using explicit McCormack method.

r
2. Derive the Boundary Layer equations for a compressible fluid flow.
o
equation.
tu w
3. Using mac-cromach scheme and Dirichlet boundary conditions solve Burgers
j. n
4. Discuss LaxWandroff technique to solve hyperbolic PDE

$
#
w w
5. Why turbulence models are used? Explain about two equation turbulence models
briefly.
w
6. Discuss continuity and momentum equation with Boundary layer approximation for
steady incompressible flow.
7. Using the conservation principles, “derive” the governing equation for the unsteady
potential flow of a compressible, inviscid gas over a two-dimensional body.
8. Using the method of characteristics to obtain the nozzle flow equations
1of 1
BIO SENSORS AND BIO ELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
?????
1. Narrate the various likely factors contribute for the biological material stabilization
in biosensors..
m
[16]
tants in water by continuous flow fiber optic immuno sensors?
. o
2. What are immuno sensors and detail about the steps involved in detecting pollu-
c [16]
r ld
3. What is chronoamperometric technique?. How detectable chemicals of interest can
be intercalate into DNA and measured for concentration of genotoxic compounds.
w o
4. Write the principle involved and fabrication of mechanical transducers.
[16]
[16]
tu
5. Give details about the estimation of creatinine in human serum using electropoly-
merised perm selective films. [16]
j. n
6. Explain how impedimetric nano structured DNA based biosensors measures the
extent of DNA damage by various environment pollutants. .
w w [16]
7. What are hairpin motifs? Explain their structural organization and mention their
role in biocomputer assembly.
w [16]
8. Explain the projections made by Creative Strategies International (CSI) for market
economics of photonic biomolecular computers.
[16]
?????
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
?????
1. Mention the factors which govern the performance and efficiency of biosensing de-
vice.
m
[16]
sensors with suitable examples.
. o
2. What are microbial sensors? Explain the construction and operation of microbial
c [16]
system for analyzing wide range of analytes.
r ld
3. Illustrate with suitable examples the operation of various calorimetric transducers
w o
4. Describe the fabrication of carbon paste electrode used in biosensors.
[16]
[16]
j. n tu
5. Write the mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by hazardous compounds. [16]
6. Write about the determination of organ phosphorous pesticides ‘Fenitrothion’ using

microbial based oxygen electrode.
w w [16]
7. Mention several optimistic and pessimistic reasons of using DNA as molecular array
and memory stores in biocomputational system.
w [16]
8. Explain how the flipping of bactriorhodopsin could serve as memory stores under
photogenic conditions in biocomputers.
[16]
?????
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
?????
1. (a) Explain the principle involved in biosensors.

(b) Give an account of electronic nose.
o m [8+8]
2. Detail then various methods available for estimating the precision, accuracy and
stability of enzyme sensors.
. c [16]
of optical transducer based on their function.

r ld
3. Write in detail about various types of optical transducers and explain the principle
w o
4. Give details about the fabrication and working of surface transverse wave (STW)
[16]
tu
transducers. [16]
j. n
5. Explain how the concentration herbicides in plants can be estimated through quartz
micro fiber filter in optical biosensors. [16]
6. Give an account of potential applications of biosensors technology in analyzing
w w
various metabolites in food industry.
[16]
w
7. Explain the three step process of realized molecular implementation for a conceptual
dynamic function.
[16]
8. Describe in detail the two light photosynthetic light systems themselves useful as
processor in photonic biomolecular computers.
[16]
?????
1 of 1
(Bio-Technology)
?????
1. (a) Write in detail about several stability problems encountered during the oper-
ation of enzyme based biosensors.
biological material during the process of detection .
o m
(b) Define shelf-stability and explain how one can improve the shelf-stability of
[8+8]
2. Describe in detail the following:
. c
ld
(a) Immuno sensors based on label-free format.
o r
(b) Importance of imaging ellipsometry system for pathogen detection.
[8+8]
3. Give an account of various advantages and limitations of amperometric transducer

system.
tu w [16]
j. n
4. Write in detail about the construction and operation of surface acoustic wave (SAW)
transducers. [16]
w
5. Explain in detail about the estimation of glucose by electrochemical biosensors in
blood samples from diabetics. [16]
w w
6. Explain in detail the detection of air pollutants by using microbial biosensors.
[16]
7. Explain in detail the strategies for development of bio molecular computers. [16]
8. Discuss in detail high complex behavior of photonic biocomputers systems based

on non linear dynamic mechanism.
[16]
?????
1 of 1

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Code No.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

4. Describe categories of GIS.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

1. (a) Describe the procedure for parallax measurements for height.

2. Explain these earth resource satellites

6. Describe Visual Analysis Methods (VAM).

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

1. (a) List various photogrammetric activities describe any one in detail.

2. Explain the following

4. (a) What are the components of GIS

2. Derive expression for a partial network adding a link to form Zbus .

4. (a) Explain physically justifiable assumptions and additional assumptions utilized

(a) Determine steady state stability limit.

end of this time interval.

1. For the given network shown in figure 1d connections form:

Element Bus code Impedance Bus code Impedence

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

1. Form Ybus for the network by direct inspection method: [16]

won-load tap changing transformer is introduced in a line. Connected between two

8. (a) What are the assumptions made in deriving swing equation.

1. Prove Ybus =At [y]A using singular transformation. [16]

7. In the system shown in figure 7 a capacitive reactance of 1.0 pu is connected at

1. (a) How would you classify software?

2. Calculate the transformed (rotation of 300 ) coordinates of the following. A rectangle

1. (a) What is the structure of a computing system?

4. How do you plan for a drawing in AutoCAD.

7. A finished product X is assembled from 3 subassemblies: A, B and C. Subassembly

(a) Quality control and Inspection and

2. Explain the basic principle of

4. (a) Why does circle trimming follow the counterclockwise rule?

5. (a) Explain the working of BTR type of interface used in DNC?

Part Operation time (min)

in the total manufacturing scene?

machine tools? Why?

8. What is meant by Kaizen? How is it implemented? [16]

1. (a) Discuss in detail various modes of propagation in an optical fiber.

4. (a) Discuss on light source materials.

3. (a) A given fiber has dispersion parameter D = 20 ps nm−1 Km −1 and length L

the fiber. Calculate:

5. (a) Define equilibrium numerical aperture.

scheme in optical links.

light through GRIN fibers.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

with the home agent.

4. a) Explain the concept of Fast retransmit / Fast recovery in traditional TCP.

8. Explain wireless datagram protocol and Transaction protocol.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

1. a) Discuss in detail about GSM and its services.

a) Explain routing complications in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks.

8. a) Explain in detail about Wireless transport layer security.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

8. a) Explain the architecture of WAP.

IV B.Tech. I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2010

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

5. a) List and explain the context types in context aware computing.

6. a) Explain push based data delivery mechanisms in detail.

w b) Explain Directory and Hash based selective tuning techniques.