Bony FIsh Cartilaginous Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Gonad In few; single because of Single ovary Single ovary in few reptiles Mostly single Platypus and bats have single ovary
number fusion of the two ridges functional ovary
(usually across the midline
paired
but……..)
Male genital No seminiferous tubules No seminiferous No seminiferous tubules
ducts tubules

MARGINAL CANAL as MARGINAL CANAL as MARGINAL CANAL as With VAS DEFERENS (from With VAS DEFERENS With VAS DEFERENS (from
replacement to replacement to replacement to mesonephric duct) carries (from mesonephric mesonephric duct) carries the
mesonephric duct but mesonephric duct mesonephric duct the sperm duct) carries the sperm only
CARRIES NO SPERM transmit sperm only (urodeles) sperm and urine sperm

Rete testis-
where sperm are first collected

VASA EFFERENTIA-conduct sperm to

spermatic duct

Multicellular -- -- -- Present to contribute to Present contribute to Most abundant; seminal vesicles

glands in male seminal fluid seminal fluid only have glandular role
ducts
Ampullary
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Coagulating glands
Cowper’s glands
**note that not all these are
present altogether in a species
Intermettent Present if internal Present if internal Present in anuran HEMIPENES Only in few birds; Present in all mammals
organs fertilizing] fertilizing ASCAPHIDAE UNPAIRED ERECTILE
PENIS (ostrich and UNPAIRED ERECTILE PENIS with
GONOPODIUM SIPHON SACS and Uses eversible cloaca duck) genital tubercle and genital folds
CLASPERS instead
Most Use eversible
cloaca instead
Ovaries With central cavity; Folden thin-walled sacs With numerous internal With numerous With numerous internal irregular
(hollow) irregular fluid filled lacunae internal irregular fluid filled lacunae (MONOTREMES)
Some compact and egg Hollow and discharged tto Compact in crocodiles and fluid filled lacunae
discharged into the the exterior turtles Eggs discharged to COMPACT in therian mammals but
coelom Eggs to the coelom coelom with fluidfilled cavity called antra
Female Tubelike OVIPOSITORS Muellerian ducts arise Muellerian ducts arise by Only one of the two Muellerian ducts unite at caudal
genital tract (unpaired papillae) by longitudinal longitudinal splitting of muellerian ducts ends.
Including splitting of pronephric pronephric ducts; ostia differentiate
glands ducts; ostia develop develop from one or Oviducts are called fallopian tube.
from one or several several anterior pronephric
anterior pronephric nephrostomes
nephrostomes

MAGNUM as
Muellerian ducts give Oviducts richly supplied albumen secreting
rise to SHELL GLAND with glands that sccrete gland
and UTERUS jelly that envelopes the egg
Muellerian Exist as paired sperm Complete but rudimentary Exist as appendix testis
ducts in males sac.
(do not
mature for all
males)
Cloaca Urinary and genital ducts Urinary and genital URORECTAL FOLD URORECTAL FOLD Urorectal fold grows caudad to give
empty into the exterior ducts empty into the Partitions cephalic end of partitions cephalic rise to a urogenital sinus and rectum
cloaca cloaca dividing them to two end of cloaca;
channels urodeum and dividing them to two **apes monkeys humans and
corpodeum channels urodeum rodents have 3 urethra vagina and
and corpodeum rectum.

Testes ---------- ---------------------- Smaller than ovaries Smaller than ovaries Smaller than ovaries Larger than ovaries; with scrotal sac