INTRODUCTION

A. DEFINITION

A verb form that indicates, or can indicate, a relationship between the time the action in a
verb occurs and the time the verb is uttered. A verb tense can also give an indication of the
duration of the verb’s action and when or if it is completed.

B. TABLE

pg. 1
 LITERARY REVIEW

1. Simple Present Tense

In English Language, Present Tense or Simple Present Tense is used to express incident or events,
activities, activity and etc what happens today. Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or
something that happens repeatdly future NOW.

Simple Present Tense used "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1"

TO BE 1 consists of: am, is, are (Look at the table)

I Am
You
They Are
We
He
She Is
It

I
You
NOTE :
They Do / Don't
DO and DOES used in the interrogative sentence.
We
DON'T (DO NOT) and DOESN'T (DOES NOT) used
He
in the negative sentence.
She Does / Doesn't
TO BE 1 (am, is, are) used when a sentence is no
It
element verb (NON VERB).

pg. 2
 Formula and Example in Simple Present Tense sentences

To express Simple Present Tense Sentences using VERB

+ Subject + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
? DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
? Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?

Example :
+ I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday
- I don't speak English
She doesn't speak English
Do you speak English?
? Answer: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Answer: Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
? Why do you speak English everyday ?

IMPORTANT :
Only in Positive Sentence, for subject "He, She, It", the use of the VERB must end with "s/es."
Increase “s/es” in the verb (inifinitive) that is:

In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix “-s”, example:
 Work – Works
 Write – Writes
 Speak – Speaks

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 Verbs ending in the letters of “ch, o, s, sh, x” plus the suffix “-es”, example:
 Pass - Passes
 Finish - Finishes
 Teach - Teaches
 Go - Goes
 Fix - Fixes

Verbs ending with the letter “-y” and begins with a consonant “-y” modified become “-i” and then plus
“-es”, example:
 Study - Studies
 Carry - Carries
 Cry - Cries

While the verbs ending with the letters “-y” beginning with a vowel, enough coupled with the suffix “-s”,
example:
 Buy - Buys
 Play - Plays
 Say - Says

If the verb begins with the Modal Auxiliaries, then don’t get extra “s/es”,example:
 He Will work
 She Can open
 He Must close

pg. 4
 Function Simple Present Tense in verbal sentence
Claim an act that become Habitual Action at certain times, example:
 We study hard everyday.
 She visits the library twice a month.

Claim The General Truth, or a truth that is considered to be continuous, example:

 A year has twelve months.
 The sun rises in the East.

To express Simple Present Tense Sentence which use Non VERB.

+ Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
? To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Example :
+ I am a teacher.
She is a teacher.
- I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
Are you a teacher?
? Answer: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Answer: Yes She is, atau No, She is not
What are you ?
? Answer: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Answer: She is here

pg. 5
 Function Simple Present Tense at the nominal sentence

To claim a state of ongoing or current or act which is a habit, example:

 I am a teacher.
 They are here now.

Claim The General Truth, but in nominal sentence is not used adverbs of time, example:
 Ice is cold.
 Fire is hot.

Remarks time For Simple Present Tense uses are:

Every hour (setiap jam), every minute (setiap menit), every morning (setiap pagi), everyday (setiap
hari), always (selalu), as a rule (pada lazimnya), at night (pada malam hari), sometime (kadang-
kadang),usually (biasanya),often (seringkali),seldom (jarang).

2. Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense also called Present Progressive Tense is form of time used to claim an
act, condition or event that is happening at the time discussed.

NOTE:
In used Present Continuous Tense verb used must end with -ing / (Verb + ing).
Form time Present Continuous Tense use kind "TO BE 1".

pg. 6
 Formula and Example Present Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + To be 1 + (Verb + ing) + Object

- Subject + To be 1 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
? To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?

Example :
+ We are studying now.
- We are not (aren't) studying now.
? Are you studying now?
Answer: Yes I am, atau I, am not
? What are you doing?
Answer: I am studying now
Who is studying English?
Answer: She is studying English

Remarks Time for Present Continuous Tense uses are:

Now (sekarang), at present (pada saat ini), right now (saat ini), this afternoon (siang ini), this morning
(pagi ini), today (hari ini) and so on.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is the tense used to express an act, condition or event that happened in the
past. And when speaking of activities / actions have been completed.

pg. 7
 Present Perfect Tense used kind "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3 is: been (Look at the table)

I
You
I
They
You
We
They Have
He been
We
She
He
It
She Has
It

NOTE:
TO BE 3 (been) used when a sentence is no element verb (NON VERB).
For all types of sentences, whether positive, negative or interrogative sentence on Present Perfect
Tense used VERB 3.

Formula and Example Present Perfect Tense Sentence

To express Present Perfect Tense Sentence using VERB

+ Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?

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 Example :
+ I have lived here for 2 years.
- I have not (haven't) lived here for 2 years.
? Have you lived here for 2 years?
Answer: Yes, I have, atau No, I have not (haven't)
? Why Have you lived here for 2 years?
Who has killed her father?

To express Present Perfect Tense Sentence using Non VERB

+ Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?

Example :
+ She has been here for 4 hours
- She has not (hasn't) been here for 4 hours
? Has she been here for 4 hours?
? Where have you been for the last 4
hours?

 Function Present Perfect Tense

 Stating an activity that just happens to the results or consequences of such actions can still be
seen until today discussed, example:
 She has written a letter.
Artinya: dia sudah menulis surat.

pg. 9
  Stating an activity that has been completed at the time when the past is not certain, but the
time of the incident is not overlooked. The most important thing is the result of this actions now,
example:
 She has locked the door, and now we can’t open it.
Artinya: dia sudah mengunci pintu, dan sekarang kita tidak dapat membuka pintunya.

 Stating an activity that has taken place but the timing of these events hasn’t been finished,
example:
 I have written this letter this week.
Artinya: Saya sudah menulis surat ini pada minggu ini (tidak tepat kapan hari/jam
pebuatannya).

 Stating a non-specific test activities before now. In general form this sentence is often followed
by before, ever, already, never, yet, example:
 I have heard this before.
Artinya: saya sudah mendengar ini sebelumnya.

 Stating an activity that has occurred in the past and is still happening in the present and future,
example:
 I have been here since yesterday.
Artinya: saya sudah di sini sejak kemarin (dan sampai sekarang masih tetap disini/ di
lokasi yg sama).

 Indicates an activity that is completed in a short time. In general, the use of words at last,
finally, just, example:
 I have just met him.
Artinya: saya sudah (baru saja) bertemu dia.

pg. 10
 Remaks time for Present Perfect Tense uses are:
Once (sekali), so far (hingga sekarang), twice (dua kali), at last (akhirnya), several times (beberapa
kali), this week (minggu ini), never (tidak pernah),already (sudah),this year (tahun ini),as yet (sampai
sekarang), ever (pernah), just (baru saja), since 2004 (sejak 2004).

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Progressive Tense is a form of time used to
stating an event or action that began in the past and continues to this day or an event or action that
began in the past and have just completed at the time talking.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense used kind "TO BE 3" (been), Look at the table :

I
You
I
They
You
We
They Have been
He
We
She
He
It
She Has
It

NOTE:
For all types of sentences, whether positive, negative or interrogative sentence on Present Perfect
Continuous Tense used TO BE 3 (been) following with VERB + ING.

pg. 11
 Formula and Example Present Perfect Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + Have/Has + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Have/Has + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

Example:
+ It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.
- We have not been swimming in pool for this day.
? Has he been returning money that he borrowed this day?
Answer: Yes, he has, atau No, he has not.
? How long has she been teaching at the university?

Another Function of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

When the sentences used don’t include time-definite description, Present Perfect Continuous
Tense can serve to express a common activity that is still in the process of this background or
recently, example:

 All of the students have been studying hard. Final exams start next week.
Artinya: Semua siswa sudah (sedang) belajar dengan giat. Ujian akhir dimulai minggu
depan.
 My back hurts, so I have been sleeping on the floor lately. The bed is too soft.
Artinya: Punggungku sakit, jadi saya sudah (sedang) tidur di lantai belakangan ini.
Karena dikasur terlalu lembut.

Remarks time for Present Perfect Continuous Tense uses are:

For (selama), since (sejak), all morning (sepanjang pagi), all day (sepanjang hari), all week
(sepanjang minggu), all month (sepanjang bulan), etc.

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5. Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is a form of time used to declare an act or activity that occurred in the past and the
time it has been known incident.

Simple Past Tense used kind "TO BE 2" and "VERB 2"
TO BE 2 consists of: was & were (Look at the table)

I Was
You
They Were
We
He
She Was
It

I
NOTE:
You DID used in the interrogative sentence.
DID NOT (DIDN'T) used in negative sentences.
They Did / Didn't
TO BE 2 (Was & Were) used when a sentence is NON
We VERB
VERB 2 only used in a positive sentence alone.
He
She
It

pg. 13
 Formula and Example Simple Past Tense Sentence

To express Simple Past Tense Sentence using VERB

+ Subject + Verb 2 + Object

- Subject + DID NOT (DIDN'T) + Verb 1 + Object
? DID + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + DID + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Example :
+ He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.
- He didn't buy a pair of shoes yesterday.
Did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?
? Answer : Yes He did, atau No, He did not (didn't)
? Why did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?

In the example above positive sentences using the verb bought (form Verb 2 of the words buy). Only
on a positive sentence using Verb 2.

Function Simple Past Tense at the verbal sentence

Usually used to stating a state that has been done in the past and finished at that moment or to
describe an incident that occurred at a specific moment in the past, example:
 She finished my homework in the library yesterday.
 They worked with me two months ago.

pg. 14
 To express Simple Past Tense Sentence using Non VERB

+ Subject + To be 2 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + To be 2 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
? To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :
+ I was a singer 5 years ago.
We were a singer 5 years ago.
- I was not a singer 5 years ago.
We were not a singer 5 years ago.
? Were you a singer 5 years ago?
Answer: Yes I was, atau No, I was not
Where were you last night?
? Answer: I was at home.
Why was she absent yesterday?
Answer: She was sick yesterday

Function Simple Past Tense at the nominal sentence

Usually used to express a habit in the past but don’t take place anymore, example:
 When I was young, I worked hard

Remarks time for Simple Past Tense uses are :

Yesterday (kemarin), last night (tadi malam), last week (minggu lalu), yesterday morning (kemarin
pagi), an hour ago (sejam yang lalu), two days ago (dua hari lalu), and so on.

pg. 15
6. Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense or Past Progressive Tense is a form of time used to show these two events
occurring at the same time , but single incident occur earlier and are still takes place when the second
one took place.

NOTE:
on the use of continuous tense past verbs used must end with -ing / (Verb + ing). Its forms of his
time past continuous tense use of "TO BE 2" (was/ were).

Was for subject: I, she, he, it.

Were for subject: you, they, we.

Formula and Example Past Continuous Tense

+ Subject + To be 2 + (Verb + ing) + Object

- Subject + To be 2 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
? To be 2 + Subject + (Verb + ing( + Object ?
? Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?

Example :
+ I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When i was in the park, the sun was shining.
- It was not raining when i went to the market last night.
They were not playing football when you were not at home.
? Was he studying when I arrived at home?
Answer: Yes he was, atau he, was not
? Why were you reading that book?
What was she doing with this document when all the staff went home?

pg. 16
 Function of Past Continuous Tense

Sometimes past continuous tense is used in two places in one sentence where when two events
sama-sama held simultaneously, example:

 While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roomate was having a party
in the other room.
(Artinya: Ketika saya sedang belajar di salah satu kamar di apartemen kita, teman sekamar saya
sedang berpesta di ruangan lainnya.)

In some cases, Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tense tense is almost giving the
meaning of the same, example:

 It rained this morning. (Artinya: tadi pagi hujan)

 It was raining this morning. (tadi pagi sedang hujan)

 Remarks time : when (ketika), while (selagi), as (ketika), al day yesterday (sepanjang hari
kemarin), the whole day last Sunday (sepanjang hari minggu yang lalu).

7. Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense Is a form of verbs used to claim that a action had been finished at a point in the
past before other action happened.The action that has been completed in which tense it will repeatedly
or only once.In addition, past the perfect tense can also be used to form if conditional type 3 and
reported speech.

pg. 17
 Formula of Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is used to declare deeds ( event ) that has been done at the time of tense.Past
perfect tense is formed with auxiliary verb had, and the past participle ( verb-3 ).
Had Used for both singular and plural subject .While the past participle could include and regular
irregular verb .Thus formula past the perfect tense to sentence positive , negative , and interrogative is
as follows.

Sentence Formula Past Perfect Tense Example Past Perfect Tense

My brother had slept

positif (+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
They had come

My brother hadn’t slept

negatif (-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
They hadn’t come

Had my brother come

interogatif (?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
Had they come

Example Past Perfect Tense

Some examples sentence past the perfect tense with fungsi-fungsinya seen in table as follows.
Function Example Sentence Past Perfect Tense
When he came last night, the cake had run out.
(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)
The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called.
Past perfect tense To express (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya
action in the past that has been ditelepon.)
completed happen before past I had already had breakfast by the time he picked me up.
the other. (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)
Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3
years.
(Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.)

pg. 18

Past perfect tense To show you
how often something happened
in the past .
Past perfect tense Used in
reported speech after
verbs: said, told, asked, thought,
wondered.
Past perfect tense To express (Jika dia telah mandi cepat, dia tidak akan ketinggalan kereta.)
the hope and dreams that no
kesampaian (conditional type 3) (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar
I had read the book three times.
(Saya membaca buku itu tiga kali.)
They had met twice before married.
(Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.)
Yulia had gone to the gym every two days until 2012.
(Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.)
He said that he had listened carefully the instruction.
(Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh
perhatian.)
I thought he had changed to be better man.
(Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.)
If he had taken a bath fast, he would have missed the train.
Rina would been the same level with me if she had studied harder.
lebih keras.)

Remarks Time : before (sebelum), after (setelah),until (hingga),as soon as (secepat).

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense or Past Perfect Progressive Tense is progressive is the kind of
time used to declare an event or deed that has been going on for a few moments when accident occurs
or deed dimasa other tense .Event that happen or take place ahead of them expressed in the form of
continuous past perfect tense , while the events that occurred next ( of events ) expressed in the form
of simple past tense.
.

pg. 19
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense using "TO BE 3" (been), Look at the table:

I You

You They
We been
They
We Had He

He She

She It

It

NOTE
For all kinds of sentence , either positive , negative , or sentence ask past the perfect continuous tense
use TO BE 3 (been) followed by VERB + ING.

Formula and Example Past Perfect Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + Had + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Had + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

Example:
+ He had been looking for the thief for two years before he caught him.
- I had not been feeling so good, my body was tired.
? Had you been looking news on television for this evening?
Answer: Yes, I had, atau No, I had not.
? How long had he been playing Xbox when his mother went to market?

pg. 20
  NOTE:
The use of the word “had” here to brief in penulisannya same as said “have”,
example:

 I’d been = I had been

 I’ve been = I have been

It is important to note that abbreviation in writing not all his mean the same, we must
comply with the existing context.Try comparing example below :

 I’d been here = I had been here (‘d + TO BE 3 / VERB 3 = Past Perfect)
 I’d like = I would like (‘d + VERB 1 = would)

9. Simple Future Tense / Present Future Tense

Simple Future Tense or Present Future Tense is the time used to declare an act or activity is
going to happen oil will come.

Formula and Example Simple Future Tense Sentence

To express Simple Future Tense is using VERB

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + Verb 1 + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 ?

pg. 21
 Example :
+ She will go to Paris tomorrow.
- She will not (won't) go to Paris tomorrow.
? Will she go to Paris tomorrow ?
Answer: Yes She will, atau She, will not (won't)
? When will she go to Paris?
Who will come here?

To Express Simple Future Tense Sentence is using NON VERB

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + Non Verb + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?

Example :
+ He will be alone tomorrow.
- He will not (won't) be alone tomorrow.
? Will he be alone tomorrow?
Answer: Yes he will, atau No, she will not (won't)
? When will he be in Las Vegas?
Why will you be here tomorrow night?

Use "To Be Going To"

The sentence verbal Simple Future Tense can be replaced with the words that uses to to
be + going to to replaced shall and will.

pg. 22
 Formula and Example using "To Be Going To"

+ Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + To be + Not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
? To be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + To be + Subject + going to + verb 1 +?

Example :
+ I am going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
- I am not going to read a newspaper tomorrow.
? Are you going to read a newspaper tomorrow?
What are you going to read?
? Who is going to come here tomorrow?

 Remarks time for Simple Future Tense uses are:

tomorrow morning (besok pagi), tomorrow night (besok malam), next week (minggu depan),
next year (tahun depan) and so on.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous Tense or Future Progressive Tense is the time used to declare an event or
surely being held in a particular time in the future.

Formula and Example Future Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?

pg. 23
 Example :
+ He will be talking for the business until ten o’clock.
I will be working at 10 am.
- You will not be leaving at this time. Because the car will be taken to repair.
? Will she be playing tennis tomorrow?
Answer: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
? What will you be doing at 10 pm tonight?

NOTE:
Said "Shall" only usefor Subject “I” and “we’’.

Sometimes there is little or even there is no difference between the use of Future
Continuous Tense with Simple Future Tense, especially when coming events had
happened when no of .Watch example below:

Don’t get impatient. She will be coming soon.

Don’t get impatient. She will come soon.

 Remarks Time for Future Continuous Tense uses are :

At this time tomorrow, from seven to nine tonight, soon, etc.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense is the time used to declare an event or surely have happened or would have
done in particular in the future.

pg. 24
 NOTE:
In Future Perfect Tense all of subject using “Have” by Auxiliary Verb.
Said "Shall" only use for Subject “I” and “we” .

Formula and Example Future Perfect Tense Sentence

To express Future Perfect Tense Sentence is use VERB

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Have + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?

Example :
+ You will have finished the work, by the end of this month.
- She will not have gone to home by 10 am.
? Will you have finished your work by tomorrow?
Answer: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
Shall he have prepared my motorcycle if all of my friends will go by next
day?
Answer: Yes he shall, atau No, he shall not
? When will they have arrived ?

To express Future Perfect Tense Sentence is use NON VERB

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?

pg. 25
 Example :
+ By next year, I will have been here for work
- He will not (won't) have been by the end of this day.
? Will you have been there by tomorrow morning?
Answer: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
Shall he have been at home by the dinner time?
Answer: Yes he shall, atau No, he shall not
? When will he have been in New York?

 Remarks time for Future Perfect Tense Sentence uses are:

By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the
end of this year, etc.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous Tense or Future Perfect Progressive Tense is a form used to
express an event that will have a certain time when ongoing in the future. Future Perfect Continuous
Tense stressed duration of an activity that will take place before another time or event in the future.

NOTE
Sometimes between Future Perfect Tense by Future Perfect Continuous Tense give the same
meaning. Note that the activities disclosed by one or two tenses may start in the past, such as:
 When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have taught for 45 years.
 When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have been teaching for 45 years.
“sometimes we used the word Shall only for Subject “I” and “we”.

pg. 26
 Formula and Example Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + Will / Shall + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Will / Shall + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object ?

Example :
+ We will have been practicing the examination by next month.
We shall have been sleeping before the morning comes.
- She will not have been going for one year.
? Will the students have been working without their teacher at the time?
Answer: Yes, they will / No, they will not (won’t)
? How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

 Remarks Time : by the end of..(menjelang akhir…)

13. Past Future Tense

Past Future Tense is used to express an action or event that will happen in the past.

Formula :
S+should, would+VI (be)+ ...

pg. 27
 Example :
(+) I should be there day before "saya mestinya berada disana kemarin dulu"
(-) You would not come here with him "kamu semestinya tidak kesini bersamanya"
(?) Would be day a house last year ? "akankah dia membeli sebuah rumah tahun lalu ?"

Used to :
1. Used to stating an act to be performed in the past. Example : I should go to Malang next day "saya
akan pergi ke malang pada hari berikutnya"

2. Used to stating an act to be carried out when the conditions are met in the past. example : I would
give you something if tou come "saya akan memberimu sesuatu jika kau datang"

3. Used to express an offer of help to others. Example : Would you like a cup of tea? "maukah kau
minum secangkir air teh ?"

4. Used to stating a necessity that is used as a means to be or should be. Example : I should know
that voice"saya mesti mengenal suara itu"

NOTE :
 Should and Would we put infront the subject if we want to form interrogative sentence (introgative).

Example : Should we be there last night ? "apakah kita akan berada disini tadi malam?"

 We add a note on the back should and would if we form a negative sentence (deny). Example : I

should not buy a car the day before "saya tidak akan membeli sebuah mobil kemarin dulu"

 Signs of time that we can find in this form are :

The next time - keesokan harinya The day before – kemarin dulu

The week before – minggu sebelumnya The month before – bulan sebelumnya

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14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense or Past Future Progressive Tense is used to express an event
or action that will be ongoing or will being done at a certain time in the future.

Past Future Continuous Tense using shaped main clause Simple Past Tense to declare an act that
will be taking place at a certain time in the past or to express a hunch or estimates will be an event or
action that will be taking place at a certain time in the past.

Formula and Example Past Future Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + Should / Would + be + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Should / Would + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?

pg. 29
 Example :
He would be preparing his car from twelve with Jack to three yesterday
+ noon.
They should be studying the lesson in my college for examination last
hours.
My mother would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday morning.
- They told me that they wouldn’t be giving the present yesterday morning.
They shouldn’t be sleeping here. They should be studying the lesson
now.
Would you be going with Mrs. Anna yesterday evening for studying?
Answer: Yes, I would be going with Mrs. Anna from six to seven yesterday
for studying.
?
When your mother cooked. Should you be helping her busy to nine
yesterday morning?
Answer: No, I shouldn’t be helping my mother. I should be studying to
nine at this yesterday morning.
? When you should be studying mathematics last night?

 Remarks Time for Past Future Continuous Tense yang uses are:
yesterday, last night, last week, last year, yesterday evening, yesterday night and so on.

pg. 30
15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense is used to express an event or action that would have occurred or
would have been done at a certain time in the past.

NOTE:
In Past Future Perfect Tense all of Subject using “Have” as Auxiliary Verb.

Formula and Example Past Future Perfect Tense Sentence

To Express Past Future Perfect Tense Sentence that uses the VERB

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?

Example :
+ Anna would have finished her college by the time. I finished my college in the
university two years ago.
- I would not have sent her a letter yesterday.
? Should my father have worn jeans to the party yesterday night?
? How long would you have waited her in in the park? The weather was very cool
last night.

pg. 31
 To express Past Future Perfect Tense that using NON VERB

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?

Example :
+ My brother looked for his stuff. He would have been here yesterday night
- The flowers should not have been wilted last night.
? Would this novel have been here?
? How many hours should Mr. Jim have been at the office by the end of this
week?

 Remarks Time for Past Future Perfect Tense uses are:

By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the
end of this year, etc.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense or Past Future Perfect Progressive Tense is a form
used to express an event or action that would have been ongoing in the future in the past.

NOTE:
In Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense all of subject used “Have” as Auxiliary Verb.

pg. 32
 Formula and Example Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Sentence

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object?

Example :
My mother would have been resigning in this institute for two months by the
+ time, I finished the college three months ago.
The road was dark. By the time we should have been arriving to home last
night.
Sarah should have been looking happy for the gift last night.
He would not have been staying for live in here for two years ago.
- When it rain. I should not have been going to the cinema at time ago.
You shouldn’t have been sleeping here last night?
? Would they have been surrendering their country for the world peace in the
last year ago?
Answer: No, they wouldn’t have been surrendering. They would have been
defending their country for the world peace in the last year ago.
? When should john have been climbing a big mountain?
Answer: John should have been climbing a big mountain with his friends last
year.

 Remarks time for Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense uses are:
For, By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by
the end of this year, etc.

pg. 33
 CONCLUSION

Formula Tenses General is :

1.Present Simple Tense S + V1.

2. Present Continuous Tense S + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing.

3. Present Perfect Tense S + have/has + V3.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have/has + been + V-ing.

5. Past Simple Tense S + V2.

6. Past Continuous Tense S + was/were + V-ing.

7. Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing.

9. Future Simple Tense S + will + V1.

10. Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing.

11. Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing.

13. Past Future Simple Tense S + would + V1.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing.

15. Past Future Perfect Tense S + would + have + V3.

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing.

pg. 34
 APPENDIXES

 PRE-TEST
1. How many tenses ?
a. 3 tenses
b. 7 tenses
c. 16 tenses

2. Subject + … + Object (in Simple present Tense)

a. Verb 1
b. Verb 2
c. Verb 3

3. 2 days ago I ….. scientific research (Simple Past Tense)

a. Were borrowed
b. Were borrow
c. was borrowed

pg. 35
  POST-TEST
1. Below which the Past Perfect Continuous Tense Formula is….

a. S + would + have + been + V-ing

b. S + had + been + V-ing

c. S + would + V1

2. he wants to buy a Honda, or she wants to buy a Suzuki”

Paralelll conjunction sentence of the example above is………….

a. He wants to buying a Honda or she wants to buy a Suzuki

b. He wants to buy a Honda

c. He wants to buy either a Honda or a Suzuki

3. Someone ….. service my computer next week

a. Would

b. Is

c. will

pg. 36
 SCORE
ENGLISH LEARNE
CIVIL ENGINEERING/ 1 / R3

SCORE
NO NAME
PRE-TEST POST-TEST

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

pg. 37
  GAME
1. I do not have a husband but I have children. I am a mother of four children. I am a part of
your body.
Answer : Thumb

2. There are 5 birds in a tree. Ahunter shoots 2 of them dead. How many birds are left?

Answer : 2 birds. The other 3 fly away!

3. What starts with "P", ends with "E", and has millions of letters )

Answer : Post Office

pg. 38
 REFERENCES

1. http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html.

2. http://arjaenim.blogspot.com/2012/11/makalah-bhs-inggris-past-perfect-tense.html.

3. http://blogbintang.com/contoh-kesimpulan-dan-saran-makalah

4. http://blogkita666.blogspot.com/search?q=english+day.

5. Santi, Inez. 2009. ENGLISH FOR TEEN 2. Yogyakarta: C.V ANDI OFFSET.

6. Hadianti, Afiyah. 2013.

7. http://www.sekolahbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-contoh-

kalimat-terlengkap/

8. http://pastenseinggrismakalah.blogspot.co.id/

9. http://igfandyjayanto.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/makalah-tenses.html

10. http://lollydollymony.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/makalah-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris.html

pg. 39