0812 Civ Ema Report PDF

Fall 2008
Analysis and Design of hospital in the following areas:
Transportation Engineering, Structure Engineering,
Geotechnical Engineering, and Construction Management
Final Design Project Report
Presenters:
Ehsan Mirnateghi
Mansoor Almazrooei
Ali Mobarak
Advisor:
Dr. Elias Saqan
ECVL 499
September 4, 2009
ECVL499 Final Design Project Report: EMA Hospital By Group 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................VII
I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
A. PURPOSE 1
B. BACKGROUND 1
C. SCOPE 3
II. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING .................................................................................... 4
A. PURPOSE & SCOPE 4
B. CHOOSING HOSPITAL LOCATION 4
C. ACCESSIBILITY & SETTING OUT PLAN 4
D. PARKING 11
E. PAVEMENT DESIGN 15
F. SUMMARY 17
III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................................... 18
A. OVERVIEW AND SCOPE 18
B. STUDYING THE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING 19
C. DEFINING THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 20
D. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 29
E. DESIGN 32
F. UTILIZING THE DATA 38
G. LIMITATIONS 38
H. SUMMARY 38
IV. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ..................................................................................... 39
A. INTRODUCTION: 39
B. SCOPE: 39
C. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS: 39
Page ii
D. DEWATERING: 41
E. FOUNDATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: 41
F. SUMMARY: 45
V. CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING ...................................................................................... 46
A. OVERVIEW OF THE ESTIMATING: 46
B. SCOPE: 46
C. QUANTITY TAKE OFF: 47
D. UNIT COST ESTIMATION: 48
E. WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE: 49
F. SCHEDULING: 50
G. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY: 52
H. SUMMARY: 53
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 54
A. SUMMARY 54
B. CONTACT 55
VI. WORKS CITED ................................................................................................................. 56
APPENDIX A .............................................................................................................................. 57
APPENDIX B............................................................................................................................... 61
APPENDIX C .............................................................................................................................. 70
APPENDIX D .............................................................................................................................. 83
Page iii
List of Figures
Figure 1: Location of EMA Hospital. Source (maps.google.com) .......................................... 1
Figure 2: Project Area (Approximately 1 km2) ....................................................................... 2
Figure 3: Accessibility Plan View (Source: Road and Transportation Authorities) ................ 5
Figure 4: Location of Hospital Connected to Local Road ....................................................... 6
Figure 5: U-turn(Ambulance) .................................................................................................. 8
Figure 6: Leaving U-turn ......................................................................................................... 9
Figure 7: Two-way Aisle-90º (AutoCAD Drawing) ............................................................. 12
Figure 8: Two-way Aisle-60º (AutoCAD Drawing) ............................................................. 12
Figure 9: Design Basement Parking Layout (AutoCAD Drawing) ....................................... 13
Figure 10: Hospital Layout .................................................................................................... 14
Figure 11: Thickness of Pavement ........................................................................................ 15
Figure 12: Design Parameters................................................................................................ 16
Figure 13: Calculating Thickness of Layers .......................................................................... 17
Figure 14: Flowchart showing the structural Desgin process. ............................................... 18
Figure 15: Architectural Number Columns 137. ................................................................... 19
Figure 16: Required Number Columns 76............................................................................. 19
Figure 17: Plan View of Structure System, Initial Desgin. ................................................... 20
Figure 18: Four modes cases of Wind Load according to (ASCE 7-05 Fig 6.9) ................... 22
Figure 19: Table 12 supplementary ....................................................................................... 23
Figure 20: ETABS Wind Load Input..................................................................................... 23
Figure 21: Assign each floor as rigid diaghrams, Source ETABS. ....................................... 24
Figure 22: Wind Loads distribution on building. Source: ETABS........................................ 25
Figure 23: Defining the seismic loading on ETABS ............................................................. 26
Figure 24: Seismic lateral loads on each floor....................................................................... 27
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Figure 25: Beams Property (Unit is based on kilo Newton and meter) ................................. 28
Figure 26: Column Property Data (Unit is based on kilo Newton and meter) ...................... 28
Figure 27: Ribbed slab Flooring System (Unit is in "mm") .................................................. 29
Figure 28: ETABS model Plan View .................................................................................... 30
Figure 29: TEKLA Model view of Elevation of Floor showing rectangular columns. ......... 31
Figure 30: Assign ETABS to Desgin Concrete Frame using ACI 318-05 ............................ 32
Figure 31: Vertical Deflection Control, Source: SAFE. ........................................................ 33
Figure 32: Moment Diagrams for beams in Fourth Floor, Source: ETABS .......................... 34
Figure 33: New Shear wall location: Source: ETABS .......................................................... 36
Figure 34: Maximum Lateral Deflection, Source: ETABS ................................................... 37
Figure 35 friction angle vs. depth .......................................................................................... 40
Figure 36 SPT blow counts versus depth .............................................................................. 41
Figure 37 section of the 3.5m x 3.5m single footing ............................................................. 43
Figure 38 the at rest lateral earth pressure of the soil ............................................................ 44
Figure 39 section of the tie back anchor sheet pile ................................................................ 44
Figure 40 cost curve .............................................................................................................. 51
Figure 41 construction site layout.......................................................................................... 52
Figure 42: Architectural Drawing for Basement floor........................................................... 57
Figure 43: Architectural Drawing for Ground floor .............................................................. 58
Figure 44: Architectural Drawing for First floor. .................................................................. 59
Figure 45: Architectural Drawing for Second up to 4th floor ............................................... 60
Figure 46: Final Analytical Model used for Analysis, Source: ETABS ................................ 69
Figure 47 Borehole layout ..................................................................................................... 70
Figure 48 Fence diagram of the soil ...................................................................................... 76
Figure 49 designed footings on SAFE ................................................................................... 81
Figure 50 layout of the foundation ........................................................................................ 82
Page v
Figure 51 excavation area ...................................................................................................... 85
Figure 52 layout of footings .................................................................................................. 88
Figure 53 dimension of footings ............................................................................................ 89
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: EMA Hospital Accessibility ...................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Trips Generated ......................................................................................................... 7
Table 3: U-turn Design Parameters(Ambulance) .................................................................... 8
Table 5: U-turn(leaving) .......................................................................................................... 9
Table 6: Number of Doctors in each Floor ............................................................................ 11
Table 7: Number of the parking required. ............................................................................. 11
Table 8: Design Parameters for Parking based on RTA standards ........................................ 11
Table 9: Dead Loads .............................................................................................................. 21
Table 10: Live Loads ............................................................................................................. 21
Table 11: Wind coefficients details ....................................................................................... 22
Table 12: Wall pressure coefficients, Cp. (ASCE fig 6.8) .................................................... 23
Table 13: ACI code 10.11.1 Reduction factors of moment of Inertia due to Cracks ............ 31
Table 14: Reifoemcent of Slab concrete cover 70mm Thick ................................................ 33
Table 15 shallow foundation sizes and factor of safety for bearing capacity ....................... 42
Table 16 force of tie back anchor .......................................................................................... 43
Table 17 summarized quantities of the EMA hospital .......................................................... 47
Table 18 unit cost estimate of EMA hospital ........................................................................ 48
Table 19 number of days for each activity ............................................................................ 51
Table 20 N-values for each borehole ..................................................................................... 71
Table 21 SPT calculation of B.H.1 ........................................................................................ 73
Table 24 bearing capacity calculation ................................................................................... 79
Table 25 immediate settlements of the footings .................................................................... 80
Page vii
Table 26 volume of concrete for superstructure items .......................................................... 83
Table 27 total volume of concrete for superstructure items .................................................. 84
Table 28 unit cost estimate excel sheet.................................................................................. 90
Page viii
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
This report includes the design of the five story hospital building in accordance to the following
fields: 1. Structural Engineering, 2. Transportation Engineering, 3. Geotechnical Engineering, and 4.
Construction Management.
B. Background
On 1st of September 2008 the construction of a five story hospital is assigned to a team of
senior civil engineering students as part of ECVL499 Civil Engineering Design Project. The hospital
is proposed to be built in area located in between Dubai and Jebel Ali as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Location of EMA Hospital. Source (maps.google.com)
The boundaries of land of this Project are listed in Table1 .
Table 1: EMA Hospital Accessibility
Geographical Direction Accessibility Current Status

North side Sheikh Zayed road Freeway and currently in Use
East side E77 Road Converting from Road to Freeway
South Side EMA Road Will be constructed by RTA
West Side Jebel Ali Village Residential Area
Page 1
The allocated area is to be in less than quarter of the land designated by the owner. The area of the
land allowed for the Hospital is 287,000 m2, which is one-fourth of the colored area as shown in
following Figure 2.
2
Figure 2: Project Area (Approximately 1 km )
The basic architectural plans of this hospital are provided and they include: Basement, Ground
Floor, and Four stories. The architectural drawings for this hospital are attached in Appendix A. In
order to make efficient use of the limited time, the project is broken down into four fields,
Transportation engineering, Structural engineering, Geotechnical engineering, and Construction
management. Each team member is responsible for the design of one of the four main fields. The
team coordinated the designs during regular meetings and all aspects of analysis, design
modifications, and construction details are discussed by all members to compile a final solid general
analysis and design report.
Page 2
C. Scope
The following fields of the design of the hospital are:
- Transportation Engineering Roads and Parking facilities required for the hospital
- Structural Engineering Design of the Structure required for the hospital
- Geotechnical Engineering Required Foundation design of the hospital
- Constructional Engineering Management of the construction and the cost Analysis
For the transportation engineering the purpose is to design accessible roads entering and leaving
the hospital, and also to provide and design the parking lots for the EMA hospital which is found in
chapter ΙΙ.
For structural engineering, the scope of this purpose is to designs the structural required for the
hospital and sample construction drawings from the model.
For geotechnical design criteria regarding foundations for the structure on this report includes the
following:
 Review of subsurface conditions, and a summary of the Laboratory test results;
 Foundation design recommendations and calculations including foundation type, allowable
vertical bearing pressures, and calculated settlements;
 Recommendations for retaining walls;
The scope did not include the design of the retaining walls. Furthermore, the foundations of
shear walls are not designed yet.
For Construction management the scope includes the following:
 Quantity takeoff by the usage of TEKLA software
 Unit Cost Estimation by the usage of RSMEANS software
The scope does not include:
 Scheduling (precedence diagrams)
 Cost charts
 Gantt charts
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II. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
A. Purpose & Scope

The purpose of this section is to have accessibility entering and leaving the hospital, and also to
provide and design the parking lots for the hospital.
The scope of the transportation section of this report includes the following:
- Accessibility of the hospital

- Parking lot design
-
B. Choosing Hospital Location
In choosing the hospital location many factors should be considered, the first one of these factors
is accessibility of the hospital and the accessibility is discussed in the next section. The second
consideration is to have a good use of the land and do not misuse the land. The last consideration
is connecting the hospital to a local road instead of an arterial in which there is more safety and
comfort to access the hospital.
C. Accessibility & Setting Out Plan

One important factor that should be considered in the design is the accessibility and availability of the
roads. As mentioned in the Background, section I.B, there are four roads surrounding the plot of our
project. These roads could be used for entrance and exit to and from Hospital.
A plan view of the future road layout is shown in Figure 3.
Page 4
Figure 3: Accessibility Plan View (Source: Road and Transportation Authorities)
In the drawing it is seen that the road E77 will be converted to a freeway since the Green’s
Community roundabout is being converted to an interchange. Based on this drawing, the EMA road
connects to the E77 road through a signalized interchange under an elevated bridge. So it is not
allowed to connect the hospital to the road E77. Moreover, the hospital should not be connected to the
EMA road which connects to E77 through the signalized interchange based on Road and
Transportation Authorities (RTA) design in that there is a local road that connects to the EMA road.
The letter (H) shows on Figure 6 the location of the hospital. Based on this location, the hospital can
be easily accessed.
Page 5
Figure 4: Location of Hospital Connected to Local Road
Page 6
The hospital has to be accessed from four directions which are discussed below:
 Dubai:
People coming from Dubai can use Interchange 7 to get to road E77, and then turn left using T1
intersection to U-turn at T2 intersection, and finally turns right to reach the hospital.
 Abu Dhabi:
People coming from Abu Dhabi can use Interchange 7 to get to road E77, and then turn left using T1
intersection to U-turn at T2 intersection, and finally turns right to reach the hospital.
 Green Community’s Interchange:

People coming from Green Community’s Interchange can use road E77 to the intersection T1, to turn
right and then U-turn at T2 intersection, and finally turn right to reach the hospital.
 Jebel Ali Community:

People coming from Jebel Ali Community can use road EMA to cross the intersection T2, and finally
turn right to reach the hospital.
 Leaving
People leaving the hospital can U-turn to get back to EMA road, and then to the T1 intersection. T1
intersection can take to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Green Community’s Interchange.
Checking that the local road which is referred to as the service road can take the trips
generated by the hospital, the trip generated is calculated based on Dubai Municipality Studies.
The trips that can be taken by the local road can be easily taken by the EMA Road, so the check
should be done for the local road. The trip generated is calculated based on the number of beds which
is 218 beds, and it’s shown in the Table 2 .
Table 2: Trips Generated

Timings Trips Generated
Morning(7:00-9:00) 467 Governs
Noon(12:00-2:00) 425
Evening(5:00-8:00) 312
However the capacity of one lane is around 1300 pc/lane/hr, the local can carry the trips generated by
the hospital.
Page 7
In order to have an easier accessibility for the Ambulance a U-turn should be done on the
EMA Road, which is signalized and only used by the Ambulance. The design parameters of the
U-turn is shown in the Table 24.
Table 3: U-turn Design Parameters(Ambulance)
U-Turn(Ambulance)
Design Speed 60 Km/h
Taper Length 12 m
Deceleration Length 28 m
Queue Length - m
Protected Length 1 m
U-Turn Diameter 14 m
U-Turn Lane Width 4 m
Reduced Median Width 3 m
Chanalizing Nose Width 1 m
based on
Median Width 2 min m RTA
The U-turn is shown in the Figure 5
Figure 5: U-turn(Ambulance)
Page 8
Also people leaving the hospital need a U-turn to get back to the EMA Road. The parameters
used to design the U-turn are shown in the Table 5.
Table 4: U-turn(leaving)
U-Turn
Design Speed 60 Km/h
Taper Length 15 m
Deceleration Length 35 m
Queue Length 23.29 m
Protected Length 18.29 m
U-Turn Diameter 14 m
U-Turn Lane Width 4 m
Reduced Median Width 1 m
Chanalizing Nose Width 1 m
based on
Median Width 2 min m RTA
The U-turn is shown in Figure 6
Figure 6: Leaving U-turn
Page 9
In the future, or by the time the hospital is constructed, Dubai Metro will be ready to take
people from Jebel Ali to Dubai along Sheikh Zayied Road, and the fact that our hospital is nearly
close to Sheikh Zayied Road will also help in the accessibility of the hospital. There will be a lot of
stations along Sheikh Zayied Road, and the closest two stations to the hospital are Dubal, and Jebel
Ali Industry stations.
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D. Parking
The amount of parking spaces required is determined from the number of beds and the number of
doctors and the staff. The number of beds and the number of doctors are shown in Table 2 which is
based on the Building Regulations & Design Guidelines. It is assumed that the number of staff is 3
times the number of doctors. (i.e.: 132).
Table 5: Number of Doctors in each Floor

Floor Number of Beds Number of Doctor Rooms
Basement - -
Ground Floor 4 10
First Floor 64 10
Second Floor 50 8
Third Floor 50 8
Fourth Floor 50 8
TOTAL 218 44
The number of parking space required is calculated based on code and result is listed as Table 3.
Table 6: Number of the parking required.

Type Count Building Regulations & Design Guidelines’ Number of Required parking
Doctors 44 One Parking per Doctor 44
Staff 132 One parking per 3 staff 73
Beds 218 One parking per 3 Beds 44
Total 161
After number of spaces for the parking have been found, dimensions for the minimum turning
radius, right of way etc, are extracted from RTA standards. The parameters which used are shown in
Table 4.
Table 7: Design Parameters for Parking based on RTA standards

Design Parameters
Description parameter unit used
Lane widths on local road (For single lane roads) 4 m 4
Min. Design Turning Radius 7.3 m 8
Min. Inside Radius 4.2 m 4.5
Sidewalk width at least 1.2 m 1.2-3
Median Width 1.2 m 1.2-3
Right of way 0.3 m 1
Page 11
Once the numbers of the parking spaces are determined, using the design parameters and the
parking stall layout, the plan of parking can be set out. The following options are for the parking stall
layouts which are based on the Dubai Municipality Standard Car Parking Layout dimensions:
1. Two-way Aisle-90º
2. Two-way Aisle-60º
3. One-way Aisle-75º
Options 3, 4, and 5 may be omitted in that they restrict the drivers to a very narrow space for
parking and the three of them are one-way and in the one way it is one lane. Since enough space for
parking is available and for more convenient parking design options 3, 4, and 5 are omitted.
Therefore, options 1 and 2 are used in the design of EMA hospital parking area. The layouts of
these two options are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Figure 7: Two-way Aisle-90º (AutoCAD Drawing)
Figure 8: Two-way Aisle-60º (AutoCAD Drawing)
Page 12
Considering emergencies scenarios common in hospitals angled parking facilitates the car
parking for the drivers. Furthermore, in this design spaces is not an issue. Therefore Option 2 is
selected over the option 1.
One of the problems faced in design parking is the basement parking that is provided by the
architecture drawing. (See Appendix A ).
Looking at the architect layout, some columns are blocking the car parking. However,
changing the places of any column should not change the architecture layout. In this option the
basement parking will have 16 parking spaces only as shown in the Figure 7. This parking layout will
restrict us to a bigger span of 9.2m. Since, the flooring system used is a one-way ribbed slab; this
span becomes a critical span. Moreover, a 20m ramp should be designed, considering that the height
of the ramp is 2m from the basement level to the ground level. That is because the maximum slope
provided by the RTA is 10% for ramps.
Figure 9: Design Basement Parking Layout (AutoCAD Drawing)
Page 13
Another option is to remove the garage and use the space left for store rooms. So the substitute
parking lots of the garage will be provided outside the building. The parking layout of the hospital
with no garage is shown in the Figure 8.
Figure 10: Hospital Layout
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E. Pavement Design
In designing the pavement we have two options for the type of the pavement:
- Rigid Pavement
- Flexible Pavement
Since the rigid is mainly used for ramps and high traffic lanes due to its cost, its better to use the
flexible pavement since its typical uses are parking lots and auxiliary lanes and its cheaper than rigid.
The type of the flexible pavement that is used for the design is the full depth asphalt pavement
which consists of a 4 in of HMA for the asphalt pavement and 10 in of the base of the pavement as
shown in Figure 18, which is designed using the software Darwin.
Figure 11: Thickness of Pavement
Page 15
The parameters used for the design of the thicknesses of the pavement are shown in the Figure 21.
Figure 12: Design Parameters
The Design structural number is 2.86 based on the parameters entered. Then the thickness of the
pavement is determined using the structural number and the material properties as shown in Figure 22.
Page 16
Figure 13: Calculating Thickness of Layers
F. Summary
After obtaining the architectural, and the RTA drawings concerning the project, the parking
lots, the garage, and the entrance and exit roads of the hospital are designed. A two way 60 degrees
aisle is chosen for the parking lots, since the area provided is quite big. It is recommended that the
garage in the basement floor should be substituted with store rooms, since there are many flaws in the
original architectural design of the garage in the basement floor. And instead the parking spaces could
be provided outside the building. The main reason behind that is because; the width of the road does
not match with the RTA standards. For accessibility reasons, the entrance and exits roads of the
hospital are branched from the EMA road. Finally, the parking lots are designed according to the
RTA geometrical manual. And the number of parking lots provided is equal to 201.
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III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
A. Overview and Scope

In this project, two structural analysis and design software are used. ETABS is used to analyze the
structure followed by TEKLA for modeling the building and later for extracting the Bill of Quantities
(BOQ) and other constructional drawings and reports. To ensure their validity, the results are verified
and validated by hand calculation on sample elements of the structure.
The following flowchart (Figure 14) details the process of structural design in this project.
Figure 14: Flowchart showing the structural Desgin process.
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B. Studying the Architectural Drawing

The architectural design of the building is thoroughly checked, floor by floor from parking, to
building entrances, hall ways and operation rooms and offices. The distribution of columns proposed
by the architect is more than what are required for the structure. Furthermore, to facilitate the required
parking spaces in basement parking it is required to remove some of the middle columns. The result
of removing unnecessary columns, the number of columns decreased from 135 columns to 76
columns, which also improved the efficiency and utilization of the building (Figure 15).
Figure 15: Architectural Number Columns 137.
Figure 16: Required Number Columns 76
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C. Defining the structural system

A reinforced concrete structure is selected as the most common and economical building system
which is environmentally suitable, high quality materials is available, the construction methods are
commonly used and as result it is cost effective system for Dubai. On other hand, very few steel
structure for multi-story buildings are constructed in UAE, due to the high cost of the steel and
fabrication in this region and high maintenance cost due to humidity. UAE companies fabricate high
quality concrete and there exist experienced subcontractors to build quality formworks and perform
reinforced concrete even for high rise concrete.
In our conceptual design the flooring system is one way ribbed slab, supported by girders to
transfer the gravitation load and lateral loads to the vertical square shaped reinforced columns and
shear walls which were located at suitable architectural locations. (Figure 17)
Figure 17: Plan View of Structure System, Initial Desgin.
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(i) Service Loads
The loads that are considered in the design of this hospital are categorized into Dead, Live and Wind
loads. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Manual 7-05 the following
loads are considered.
The Dead loads applied to the floors are listed in Table 9
Table 8: Dead Loads

Superimposed Dead Superimposed Dead on Roof
2
Partition 1.5 kN/m Cement tile 0.8 kN/m2
Mechanical 0.2 kN/m2 Mechanical 0.2 kN/m2
False Ceiling 0.1 kN/m2 False Ceiling 0.1 kN/m2
Marble & Mortar 1.6 kN/m2 Waterproofing System 0.4 kN/m2
Total Superimposed 3.5 kN/m2 Total Superimposed 1.5 kN/m2
Cladding 3.5 kN/m This Load is Line Load on perimeters only.
These Loads are taken from Table C3-1 ASCE 7-05

Self weight of the structure are added in the Analysis
The Live Loads applied to the floors are listed in Table 10 .
Table 9: Live Loads

Operating rooms, laboratories 3 kN/m2
Patient rooms 2 kN/m2
Corridors above first floor 4 kN/m2
Live Load on Roof 1 kN/m2
TABLE 4-1 Minimum uniformly distributed live loads ASCE7- 05
Page 21
Wind loads with the following properties are assumed to be applied to the building:
a) Wind Coefficients:
This coefficient specifies the strength of wind loads that are being applied to the building. The
following parameters are specified in Table 11.
Table 10: Wind coefficients details

Type Annotation Value Unit Source Details
Wind speed -- 90 mph Dubai Municipality
Importance Factor I 1.15 -- ASCE 7-05 - C6.5.5 Importance of Structure
Exposure C: Flat open
grassland with scattered
obstructions having heights
Exposure Type -- C -- ASCE 7-05 - C6.5.6
generally less than 30 ft, which
is more conservative.
(According to ASCE 7-05)
Topographical
Kzt 1 -- ASCE 7-05 - C6.5.7 Flat ground
Factor
Gust Factor G 0.85 -- ASCE 7-05 - C6.5.8 Rigid Structure G = 0.85
Building with Component and
Directional Factor Kd 0.85 -- ASCE 7-05 - C6.5.4.4
cladding Kd = 0.85
b) Wind Exposure parameters:
These parameters depend on the direction of the wind load being applied to the building. These
modes are defined in ASCE code in four cases shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18: Four modes cases of Wind Load according to (ASCE 7-05 Fig 6.9)
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Another exposure factor required by ASCE for wind load calculation is the Wall pressure
coefficient Cp. This factor depends on the direction of wind with respect to the building. In the
Table 12 “L” is the length of building in the direction of wind and B is the side of building which
faces the wind (Figure 19).
Table 11: Wall pressure coefficients, Cp. (ASCE fig 6.8)
Figure 19: Table 11 supplementary
All the data gathered from Dubai Municipality and ASCE code are stipulated in ETABS as
shown in Figure 20. With these data as required by ASCE code, ETABS considers all 12 different
cases of wind loads in analysis of the structure.
Figure 20: ETABS Wind Load Input
Page 23
Next to transfer lateral load from the wind load to the vertical supports, each floor is assigned as
rigid diaphragm shown in Figure 21. As a result the distributed lateral load on side of building is
translated into one concentrated load in each floor applied near the center of floor located by
diaphragm. This load is then transfers to vertical supports. The distribution of this lateral load is
shown in Figure 22.
Figure 21: Assign each floor as rigid diaghrams, Source ETABS.
Page 24
Figure 22: Wind Loads distribution on building. Source: ETABS
Interpreting case 1 as sample on lateral wind load helps to check reliability of the ETABS
model. In this case it can be seen in story respond output from ETABS (Figure 22), the lateral load in
the higher elevation is stronger. But on the roof floor this load decreases in almost half (170kN to
90kN). This is due to the distribution of tributary area for rigid diaphragm, that for each floor is half
from the floor bellow and half from the floor above, but for the tributary are for roof is only the half
from floor below thus the force applied is almost a bit more than half of the load compare to the force
to the floor below it (90kN to 170kN).
Page 25
For defining the seismic load to the structure, three main factors were considered shown in
Figure 23.
Figure 23: Defining the seismic loading on ETABS
Geotechnical Parameter: Based on type of the soil available at the site, which is sand, UBC
(Uniform Building Codes) 1997, assigns the type of soil profile as “SD”.
Regional Parameter: Based on Dubai Municipality regulation for this region this building
assigned to seismic zone factor of “0.15g”.
Structure Importance: Due to the importance of the sustainability of hospital in times of
earthquake, UBC 1997 code assign the importance factor I = 1.5 for hospital.
Moreover, the mass source of structure is also defined as
Mass source  Selfweight  Dead Load  0.25 Live load
Page 26
After defining all the required information for hospital all the inputs stipulated in the ETABS
and model analyzed the respond of the structure.
Similar to the wind load, earthquake load is also translated into concentrated load to each floor.
The ETABS output for these loads are shown in Figure 24.
Figure 24: Seismic lateral loads on each floor
For validating this result shear base ratio is calculated. In this structure shear base ratio is 0.12
(Appendix B) This ratio is in the range of 0.10 to 0.15 which validates the result of seismic load
analysis as regular structure.
Page 27
(ii) Elements Material Specification
Studying in the available materials and construction methods suitable commonly used materials are
selected for use in construction. For slabs, ribs, column and beams the 30MPa concrete, one of most
commonly used types of concrete, is selected. This concrete provides enough strength which results in
appropriate section sizes, both architecturally and economically. Properties of this concrete and steel
reinforcement are stated in Figure 25.
Figure 25: Beams Property (Unit is based on kilo Newton and meter)
The higher strength concrete (f’c = 50Mpa) is used to reduce the sections size of the shear walls.
The concrete properties for shear walls and its reinforcements are stated in Figure 26.
Figure 26: Column Property Data (Unit is based on kilo Newton and meter)
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D. Structural Elements
(i) Flooring System
There are several options for selecting the floor slab systems. One-way solid slab, ribbed one-way
slab, two way solid slab, waffle slab, flat slab etc. In this building, one-way ribbed slab is selected for
its versatility, lightweight and as it is commonly used in UAE and therefore subcontractors are
familiar with this system. The cross section of this flooring system after going through analysis and
design iteration is obtained and shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27: Ribbed slab Flooring System (Unit is in "mm")
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(ii) Beams
The one-way ribbed slab flooring system is confined with beams in perpendicular to ribs and
also on exterior of building to support the flooring system. The plan views of allocation of these
beams are shown in Figure 28. Wide rectangular (350mm deep by 600mm wide) beams are used
instead of deep beams to reduce the floor system total thickness and make efficient use of space
between the floors. The designs of these sections are detailed in Design section.
Figure 28: ETABS model Plan View
(iii) Columns
Rectangular columns are used so they can fit into the partition inside the building.
The dimension of rectangular columns varies according to the location in the floor plan and elevation.
The sizes are from 250x300 mm on sides and 300x400mm in middle of structure.
Page 30
Figure 29: TEKLA Model view of Elevation of Floor showing rectangular columns.
(iv) Shear Walls
Shear walls are used around the staircases and elevators, to resist the lateral loadings on the building.
The plan view of the building showing the geometry and location of the initial location of designated
shear walls are shown Figure 28. But these designated location of shear walls are not continued for
final design, look for more details in section E. Design part (iv) Shear walls.
(v) Design Modification (Cracked section consideration)
All reinforced concrete sections such as beams, columns and walls due to the applied load are
susceptible to probable tension cracks. This will reduce the gross area of the concrete members and
thus reduce the effective moments of inertia. In order to consider the influence of these tension cracks
in members, the ACI code 10.11.1 permits to use the factors in Table 13. Therefore, the effective
moments of inertia are used in the ETABS for the analysis of the structure.
Table 12: ACI code 10.11.1 Reduction factors of moment of Inertia due to Cracks
Page 31
E. Design
After reviewing the architectural drawing and defining the loads, material and elements used in the
building, the initial data are stipulated into ETABS structural model. After several runs and
interpolation, the dimensions are modified to obtain the optimum design. The design parameters such
as structural strength, allowable stress, strain, bending moments shear forces and deflections are
controlled against ACI code 318-05 recommendations. Figure 30.
Figure 30: Assign ETABS to Desgin Concrete Frame using ACI 318-05
Page 32
(i) Flooring System
As mentioned earlier the flooring system is designed to be one-way ribbed slab. As it shown in
Figure 27, this system is combination of equal spaced Ribs 150x300mm at 50cm spacing and covered
by 7cm thick concrete. The ETABS output and detail cross checking of final values are reported in
the Appendix B. The steel reinforcement of concrete cover is shown in Table 14.
Table 13: Reifoemcent of Slab concrete cover 70mm Thick

Shrinkage Unit
2
As min 126 mm
2
As provided 142 mm
bars/meter 2 #10 SI
spacing 500 mm
After analysis and design with appropriate reinforcements the maximum deflection due to
live is checked to follow ACI code 9.5 (b).
Figure 31: Vertical Deflection Control, Source: SAFE.
Page 33
(ii) Beams
To initiate the basic structural design, the moment diagrams of the beams after initial loading are
reviewed; and the most critical beams with maximum bending moment selected to be designed
(Figure 23).
Figure 32: Moment Diagrams for beams in Fourth Floor, Source: ETABS
Due to constructability the dimensions of this beam is selected as the governing dimensions of most
of the floor beams. Dimensional parameters are stated in ACI code Table 9.5(a)—“minimum
thickness of non prestressed beams or one-way slabs unless deflections are calculated”. Therefore,
for a beam with 6.8m span, the thickness should not be less than 320mm unless the deflection is
calculated (Calculation 1). In our case to the depth of floor is designed to be to 350mm therefore no
further checks are required.

l 6.8
Both End Continus   .32m  320mm  350mm
21 21
Calculation 1: Checking the Deflection due to live load (ACI 9.5 (a) and (b))
The detail designs of beams are shown in Appendix B.
Page 34
(iii) Columns
As mentioned earlier in D. Structural Elements section (iii)”Columns” rectangular columns are used
in this structure in order to efficient use of space inside hospital. Moreover, these columns are
reinforced with approximately 4% to 5% of steel which saves the amount of concrete used. It is
permitted by ACI code 10.9.1 to use up to 8% of steel reinforcement but this will increase the chance
of having honeycomb which substantially decreases the load caring capacity the column.
(McCormac)
As a result the columns section sizes are distributed in three categories depending on their
location so the load applied on them. 1 After designing column by ETABS, three types of columns
selected to be cross checked. Details of corresponding analysis and design calculation can be found in
Appendix B.
1
All the sections are analyzed and design based on ACI 318-05 code
Page 35
(iv) Shear walls
As mentioned earlier in section D. Structural Elements (iv) “Shear Walls”, In initial design of this
structure, 4 shear walls allocated around the staircases and elevators. After analysis of building with
these distributions of shear walls, the wall at the grid 2 and 3, overstressed with required
reinforcement ratio more than 2% which is not permitted by the code. ACI Chapter 14. Moreover the
initial distribution of shear walls Figure 17. Therefore an additional shear wall is allocated on the
other side of the hospital to distribute the symmetrical stiffness for the structure and solve the
problem of overstressing in walls. Figure 33.
The detail design of shear walls are attached in Appendix B
Figure 33: New Shear wall location: Source: ETABS
Page 36
Finally the lateral deflection is also controlled based on the ACSE code Table 12-12-1 for
hospital permits 0.7% deflection relative to story height bellow for hospital which goes under
occupancy category IV (ASCE Table 1-1). Therefore this code permits for this structure
28mm Inter-story drift for each floor (height = 4m) and global drift of 168mm for total height of
structure (hTotoal = 24m). In this design of this structure due to the relativity wide area with respect to
height of structure the lateral drift is very negligible Figure 34
Figure 34: Maximum Lateral Deflection, Source: ETABS
Page 37
F. Utilizing the Data

After finishing the design of the beams, columns and slabs, section sizes are modified in the TEKLA
drawing model. The TEKLA model used to extract the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) of material and
handed over for construction estimating.
G. Limitations
In order to complete required structural design of this project. There are two more tasks remaining;
First task is to find the effect of earthquake loads which are lateral loads applied to the building. The
next task is to use the final results from ETABS to modify the TEKLA model. Absolute Bill of
Quantities (BOQ) extracted for construction estimation and drawings may then be produced.
H. Summary
After revising the architectural drawing, different types of loading that affected the structures are
studied. According to the service loads and the spans of columns, the one-way ribbed slab flooring
system is selected. This flooring system is supported by interior beams as shown in Figure 28. Two
types of columns are also selected due reduction in axial loads in upper floors. After that all defined
loads, material and elements used in the building, and the initial data are fixed into ETABS structural
model. After several runs and interpolation, the dimensions are modified to obtain the optimum
design according to ACI 318-05. The axial service loads and moments from the columns on the
footing are analyzed and provided for the design of foundation. The final sections sizes are also used
to model the structures on TEKLA where Bill of Quantity (BOQ) is extracted and provided for
constructional estimation.
Page 38
IV. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
A. Introduction:
Three borings were performed within the area of the hospital and are included in the Appendix
B. The geotechnical recommendations presented in this report are based on the available project
information, building location, Service Loads acting on Columns, and the site investigation report
given by AL Mawazeen Laboratories. The purpose of this report was to develop geotechnical design
criteria regarding foundations for the EMA Hospital.
B. Scope:
 Review of subsurface conditions
 Foundation design recommendations
 Recommendations for retaining walls
C. Subsurface Conditions:
The subsurface conditions were explored with three soil test borings. Each of the borings was
completed to depth of 20 m below current ground surface. The attached boring plan shows the
location of borings (figure15: in the Appendix B). A standard penetration test was done on each
boring and the samples were taken to AL Mawazeen laboratories. The results of laboratory tests were
used in identifying and describing the physical characteristics of the soils and to aid in defining the
soil strata description (table 14). Based on the standard penetration test, the N values obtained from
each borehole are shown in table 8 (Appendix B). The ground water Level was observed at the depth
of 4.5 meters. After studying the soil strata description and the boreholes information, the fence
diagram was attained as shown in figures 9 (in the Appendix B).
Page 39
Table 1 soil strata description

Depth Description of strata
G.L. to 6m Dense becoming medium dense, locally
loose, light brown, fine to medium grained,
G.W.T at 4.5 m sand with cemented pieces gravely size and
fines.
6m to 20m Loose to very dense, grey to light brown,
fine to medium grained, sand with sandstone
fragments and fines.
Following the calculation of corrected SPT blow counts and friction angle of the soil, the
graphs of corrected SPT blow counts, and friction angle versus depth were obtained as shown in
figures 20, and 36. From these graphs, it is seen that the soil becomes very dense and acts as a bed
rock starting from 12m depth. Therefore, the parameters used for the design of EMA hospital
concerning The corrected SPT blow counts and friction angle of the soil are 10 and 30 degrees.
Friction angle Vs. Depth
Friction angle (deg)

25 30 35 40 45 50
0
5
Depth (m)
10 B.H.1
B.H.2
15 B.H.3
20
25
Figure 35 friction angle vs. depth

Page 40
SPT blow counts Vs. Depth
SPT blow counts

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
5
Depth (m)
10 B.H.1
B.H.2
15 B.H.3
20
25
Figure 36 SPT blow counts versus depth
D. Dewatering:
Since it is expected that most of the excavation will be above the ground water table, de-
watering will not be required during excavation and construction of the foundations.
E. Foundation design recommendations and calculations:

The proposed hospital can be supported by conventional continuous wall and column
foundation. Due to the presence of basement, the foundation elevation is considered at the depth of
4m below the ground surface and all of the above soil will be excavated. After obtaining the axial
service loads acting on each column from the structural report, these values were used in bearing
capacity calculations (table 18 in the Appendix B). The axial loads had a wide range starting from
200 KN to 2400 KN. Two single and two combined footing were designed with factors of safety
above 3 as shown in the table Table 11.
Page 41
Table 14 shallow foundation sizes and factor of safety for bearing capacity
Type of B L( Area( Qcol(max) qu(soil F
footing (m) m) m2) KN ) KPA .S
Single 2. 2. 6.25 1300 800 3
5 5 .7
Single 3. 3. 12.25 2300 900 4
5 5 .7
Combined 3 5. 16.5 3800 900 3
5 .7
Combined 800 3
2 3 6 1100 .8
After calculating the immediate settlement of the soil using the Shmertmann’s method for sand,
the maximum settlement occurred for the combined footing (3m x 5.5m). The value of this settlement
is equal to 20 mm which is less than the maximum tolerable settlement which is 25mm (see Appendix
B table 25). Hence, since both of the settlement and factor of safety of the shallow foundation for
bearing capacity were acceptable, the sizes of the foundations were finalized. The layout of the
foundation is shown in figure 26 in the Appendix B.
After finding the sizes of the shallow foundations, the foundation was modelled on ETABS and
exported to SAFE later on. Subsequently, the foundation’s thickness and reinforcement were
designed on SAFE. The values of the punching shear were checked and were acceptable for thickness
of 1m for combined and single footings. This thickness was considered for the design of the shallow
foundation of the EMA hospital. Later on the design conducted by SAFE was revised by hand
calculation as shown in the Appendix B. And a section of a single footing showing the reinforcement
is shown in the figure 1.
Page 42
Figure 37 section of the 3.5m x 3.5m single footing
For the design of the retaining walls, tie back anchor sheet piles were considered. Since the soil
will be excavated till depth of 4m, lateral earth pressures of the soil at rest till this depth were found
as shown in the figure 27:. It is seen that at depth of 4m value of the lateral earth pressure at rest is
equal to 30 KPA. And the graph is almost linear. Therefore the maximum horizontal force acting on
the sheet pile would be 60 KN. A section of the tie back anchor is shown in the figure 28. The tie
backs have the typical angle of 15 degrees with respect to the horizontal axis. The depth of the tie
backs is at 2m below the current ground level. The calculation parameters of the tie back anchor are
shown in table 27.
Table 15 force of tie back anchor

Po (KN) 60
Φ(deg) 40
Ko 0.36
D (m) 0.3
L2 (m) 8
σo (kpa) 8.6
Fo (Kpa) 9.6
Tmax (KN) 72.3
Thorzontal (KN) 70
Page 43
Lateral earth pressure Vs. Depth
Lateral earth pressure (Kpa)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0
0.5
1.5
Depth (m)
2 B.H.1
B.H.2
2.5 B.H.3
3.5
4.5
Figure 38 the at rest lateral earth pressure of the soil
Figure 39 section of the tie back anchor sheet pile
Page 44
F. Summary:
The subsurface conditions of EMA Hospital were explored by three borings. After applying
SPT test on each boring, the samples were sent to Al-Mawazeen laboratory. By using the lab results,
the corrected SPT blow counts and Friction angle of the soil was calculated. The strata description of
the soil shows that the soil is mainly loose to medium dense sand. From the data obtained, the bearing
capacity, sizes, thickness, and the reinforcements of the footings were calculated. The result was a
combination of combined footings and single footings with 1m thickness. Tie back anchor sheet piles
were recommended to be used for facilitating the excavation process and to act as retaining structures.
The recommendation submitted are based on the available subsurface information, the axial service
loads provided by the structural engineer, and design details provided by the architect.
Page 45
V. CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
A. Overview of the estimating:

The hospital’s structure has been modeled on TEKLA. And by the usage of the data coming
from this software, the quantity take off process became relatively easy. Software that was used in
estimating process is the RSMEANS software which is provided on the web. This software estimates
the cost of the building in U.S. pricing. However, the prices of labor were adjusted to match Dubai’s
pricing. Afterwards, the project was scheduled and network diagrams and Gantt’s charts were
produced.
B. Scope:
The scope includes the following:
 Quantity takeoff
 Unit cost estimation
 Work break down structure
 Scheduling
 Safety regulation
Page 46
C. Quantity take off:

Following the completion of the design of the EMA hospital, the quantities of each item to be
constructed was calculated as shown in the Appendix D. However, the volume of concrete for slabs,
beams, shear walls, and columns were taken from the modeled structure on TEKLA. The summarized
quantities are shown in table 15: .
Table 16 summarized quantities of the EMA hospital

Description Quantity Unit
Sheet piling 800 m2
Beams 800 m3
Columns 200 m3
Slabs 1300 m3
Footings 600 m3
Shear walls 400 m3
Handicap ramp 10 m
Exterior wall 4000 m2
Roof deck insulation 1600 m2
Concrete curbs and gutters 2000 m
Office trailer 2 Ea.
Storage boxes 2 Ea.
Scaffolding 1100 m2
Doors 312 Ea.
Windows 100 Ea.
Excavating 8000 Bm3
Backfill 800 Em3
Painting for walls 22400 m2
Painting for Ceiling 9300 m2
Pre-fabricated masonry panels 7200 m2
Stairs 1000 m2
Asphalt 8500 m2
Page 47
D. Unit cost Estimation:

With the help of RSMEANS software, the cost of the items mentioned in table 15: was
estimated. These items were picked and the quantities were entered in the software. After the unit cost
estimate was complete, the results were exported to EXCEL. Subsequently, the pricing of labor were
adjusted to match the Dubai pricing by considering an amount of 3$ per hour for each laborer. The
unit cost estimate of the EMA hospital is shown in table 14. The total cost of the project was
estimated to be 4.7 million dollars which is equivalent to 470 dollars per square meters since the total
area of the land is 10000 m2. For further inquiry on the excel sheet produced see table 15 in the
Appendix D.
Table 17 unit cost estimate of EMA hospital

Quantity Description Unit Ext. Total
O&P
800 Sheet piling m2 $ 150,000
800 Beams m3 $ 460,000
200 Columns m3 $ 150,000
1300 Slabs m3 $ 560,000
600 Footings m3 $ 160,000
400 Shear walls m3 $ 100,000
10 Handicap ramp m $ 10,000
4000 Exterior wall m2 $ 240,000
1600 Roof deck insulation m2 $ 4,600
2000 Concrete curbs and gutters m $ 30,000
2 Office trailer Ea. $ 26,000
2 Storage boxes Ea. $ 13,000
1100 Scaffolding m2 $ 1,200
312 Doors Ea. $ 110,000
100 Windows Ea. $ 40,000
8000 Excavating Bm3 $ 9,000
800 Backfill Em3 $ 2,500
22400 Painting for walls m2 $ 17,000
9300 Painting for Ceiling m2 $ 5,000
7200 Pre-fabricated masonry panels m2 $ 1,000,000
1000 Stairs m2 $ 33,000
8500 Asphalt m2 $ 2,500
Total cost of items $ 3,200,000
+ 10% Electrical $ 3,500,000
+ 10% Mechanical $ 3,900,000
+ 20% Specialties $ 4,300,000
Total cost of the project $ 4,700,000
Page 48
E. Work break down structure:

The construction of the EMA hospital was broke down into activities and sub-activities as
following:
1. General requirements:
A. Storage Box
B. Offices
C. Scaffolding
2. Earth work:
A. Sheet piling
B. Excavation
C. Backfill
3. Concrete work:
A. Footings
B. Slabs: slab-B, slab-G, slab-1, slab-2, slab3, slab4, slab-R
C. Beams: beams-B, beams-G, beams-1, beams-2, beams3, beams4, beams-R
D. Columns: columns-B, columns-G, columns-1, columns-3, columns-4
E. Stairs: stairs-B, stairs-G, stairs-1, stairs-2, stairs-3, stairs-4
F. Ramp
4. Walls:
A. Exterior masonry walls: wall-B, wall-G, wall-1, wall-2, wall-3, wall-4
B. Prefabricated interior walls: partition-B, partition-G, partition-1, partition-2,
partiotion-3, partition-4
C. Shear walls: Swall-B, Swall-G, Swall-1, Swall-2, Swall-3, Swall-4
5. Doors and windows:
A. Doors
B. Windows
Page 49
6. Thermal and moisture protection:
A. Roof deck insulation
7. Finishes:
A. Wall’s painting
B. Ceiling’s painting
8. Roads and pavements:
A. Curbs and gutters
B. Asphalt paving
F. Scheduling:
As soon as the W.B.S. of the EMA hospital was complete, the number of days for each
activity was calculated by dividing the quantity of each activity over the daily output as shown in
table 8. Later on Gantt charts and network diagrams were obtained by the use of the MS project
software by plugging the number of days for each activity and relating the activities (see the
Appendix D for the Gantt charts and network diagrams). A time lag of 3 days was considered after
each concrete work activity was done, so that the concrete cures. Afterwards, the cost per hour of
each activity including the profit was added to the resources. From the resource’s cash flow reports,
the cost of the EMA hospital per each week throughout the total time of the project was calculated.
Cost curve showing the expenditure of resources over the life of the project is shown in figure 9. The
project start date is January 1, 2009, and the project end date is December 5, 2009. Major holidays in
UAE and Fridays were considered nonworking days for this project. A construction site layout plan is
shown in figure 20.
Page 50
Table 18 number of days for each activity

Description Quantity Unit Daily Days
Output
Sheet piling, steel 800 m2 91.32 9
Structural concrete, in place, beam 800 m3 14.18 56
Structural concrete, in place, column 200 m3 13.54 15
Structural concrete Slab 1300 m3 29.4 44
Structural concrete, in place, footing 600 m3 57.35 10
Structural concrete, in place, shear wall 400 m3 49.18 8
Handicap access ramp 10 m 4.44 2
CMU walls 4000 m2 133.6 30
Roof Deck Insulation 1600 m2 92.9 17
Cast-in place concrete curbs & gutters 2000 m 152 13
Office Trailer 2 Ea. 0.7 3
Storage Boxes 2 Ea. 1.4 1
Scaffolding 1100 m2 74.32 15
Doors 312 Ea. 15 21
Windows, aluminum, commercial grade 100 Ea. 10 10
Excavating, bulk, dozer 8000 Bm3 1453 6
Backfill 800 Em3 535 1
Paints & Coatings, walls 22400 m2 484 46
Ceiling paint 9300 m2 255 36
Pre-fabricated masonry panels 7200 m2 216 33
Stairs 1000 m2 17.65 57
Cold milling asphalt paving 8500 m2 6689 2
Cost curve
5000000
4500000
4000000
Cumulative cost($)
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
10/29/200 12/18/200 2/6/2009 3/28/2009 5/17/2009 7/6/2009 8/25/2009 10/14/200 12/3/2009 1/22/2010
8 8 9
Date (weeks)
Figure 40 cost curve

Page 51
Figure 41 construction site layout
G.Construction Safety:
 First aid:
1. First aid provisions and medical care supplies should be available for the employers
and workers at the site.
2. Provisions should be made prior to the start of the project for quick medical attention
in case of serious injury.
 Fire protection:
1. Fire protection devices and effective fire protection and prevention programs should
be provided throughout all the phases of the construction
 Employer’s safety:
Page 52
1. Only those employers that are qualified by training or experience to operate
equipment and machinery should be permitted to do so.
2. The employers are required to wear appropriate personal protective equipment in all
operations where there is the danger of getting exposed to hazardous conditions such
as foot protection, head protection, and hearing protection equipments.
3. An appropriate supply of drinking water should be provided throughout the site.
H.Summary:
After obtaining the quantities for each item regarding the EMA hospital by the aid of TEKLA
and hand calculations, these values were used for unit cost estimation. Later on the quantities
obtained were exported to an excel sheet and the unit cost estimate was performed. The total cost of
the project is 4.7 million dollars. Afterwards, the work break down structure was planned and used to
obtain Gantt charts and network diagrams by the usage of MS project. The total duration of the
project was estimated to be about 11 months.
Page 53
Conclusion
A. Summary
After obtaining the architectural, and the RTA drawings concerning the project, the parking
lots, the garage, and the entrance and exit roads of the hospital are designed. A two way 60 degrees
aisle is chosen for the parking lots, since the area provided is quite big. It is recommended that the
garage in the basement floor should be substituted with store rooms, since there are many flaws in the
original architectural design of the garage in the basement floor. And instead the parking spaces could
be provided outside the building. The main reason behind that is because, the width of the road does
not imply with the RTA standards. For accessibility reasons, the entrance and exits roads of the
hospital are branched from the EMA road. Finally, the parking lots are designed according to the
RTA geometrical manual. And the number of parking lots provided is equal to 201.
In this project, two engineering softwares are used. ETABS is used to analyze the structure
followed by TEKLA for modeling the building and later for extracting the Bill of Quantities (BOQ)
and other constructional drawings and reports. At the same time for ensuring the validity of the
results, they are verified, and validated by hand calculation on sample elements of the structure.
The subsurface conditions of EMA Hospital are explored by three borings. After applying SPT
test on each boring, the samples are sent to Al MAWAZEEN laboratory. By using the lab results, the
corrected SPT blow counts and Friction angle of the soil is calculated. The strata description of the
soil shows that the soil is mainly loose to medium dense sand. From the data obtained, the bearing
capacity and sizes of the footings are calculating for different foundation’s options. One option
considered for the EMA Hospital is the combination of combined footings and spread footings. The
second option is raft foundation. Later on, the immediate settlements of spread footings and raft
foundations are calculated. Sheet piles are recommended to be used for facilitating the excavation
process and to act as retaining structures.
Page 54
The recommendation submitted are based on the available subsurface information, the axial
service loads provided by the structural engineer, and design details provided by the architect. It
should be noted that the structural design is not yet complete. So in case of any change in the axial
loads, the foundation design should be changed.
After obtaining the quantities for each item modeled in the Hospital’s structure by the usage of
TEKLA, these values are used for unit cost estimation. The total Volume of Concrete estimated at
this stage is approximately 1150 cubic meters. Based on the quantities obtained are used in software
called RS.MEANS for the unit cost estimation. The total cost of the structure at this stage is
3,350,000 $.
B. Contact
For more information regarding this design, contact:
Ehsan Mirnateghi Director of EMA construction Group
(Senior Civil Engineer at American University in Dubai)
Email: Ehsan.Mirnateghi@mymail.aud.edu
Mobile: +971 50 6884898
Or
Mansoor Almazrooei
Email: Mansoor.Almazrooei@mymail.aud.edu
Mobile: +971 50 5152588
Or
Ali Mobarak
Page 55
VI. WORKS CITED
Das, Baraja M. Principles of Foundation Engineering. Thomson, 2007.
Mamlouk, Michael S. Materials for Civil and Construction Engineering. Pearson Education,
2006.
McCormac, Jack C. Desgin of Reinforced Concrete. Wiley, 2005.
(Trip Generation Survey)
Building Code Requirements For Structurak Concrete and CBommentary (ACI 318M-05)
American Society of Civil Engineers, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures ASCE STANDARD ASCE/SEI 7-05
Geometric Design Manual For Dubai Roads
Trip Generated Survey
Traffic Impact Studies Applicant Guide
Building Regulations & Design Guidlines
Page 56
APPENDIX A
Figure 42: Architectural Drawing for Basement floor
Page 57
Figure 43: Architectural Drawing for Ground floor
Page 58
Figure 44: Architectural Drawing for First floor.
Page 59
Figure 45: Architectural Drawing for Second up to 4th floor
Page 60
APPENDIX B
Calculations 1: Cross checking the Analysis output of ETABS for Design of Ribs
Fourth Floor
Ribs KJ JI GF Units
h 0.35 0.35 0.35 m
bw 0.15 0.15 0.15 m
Ltributary 0.5 0.5 0.5 m
2
wd 3.5 3.5 3.5 kN/m
2
wl 2 2 2 kN/m
Ln 4.4 5.8 5 m
wd+ self Weight 4.9 4.9 3.9 kN/m
wl 2 2 1 kN/m
wu 9.02 9.02 6.22 kN/m
wuLn2 174.63 303.43 155.50 kN.m
V1 19.8 26.2 15.6 kN
V3 103.0 350 103 kN
Coff ETABS Coff ETABS Coff ETABS
M1 - 1/24 -7.3 -33.0 - 1/11 -27.6 -99.0 - 1/10 -15.6 -295.0 kN.m
M2 1/14 12.5 101.0 1/16 19.0 22.0 1/14 11.1 150.0 kN.m
M3 - 1/10 -17.5 -164.0 - 1/11 -27.6 -101.0 - 1/24 -6.5 -286.0 kN.m
Check Static moment Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS
2
Wl /8 22 25 200 38 47 122 19 22 441 kN.m
Page 61
Calculations 2: Cross checking ETABS Design output for area of reinforcement required for Ribs
Flexural
reinforcement: Top Steel(left)
Negative (M1)
2
Asreq by Hand 65 250 130 mm
2
Asreq by ETABS 89 144 120 mm
2
Asprovided 142 258 142 mm
bars 2 #10 2 #13 2 #10 SI
Bottom Steel
Positive (M2)
2
2
2
bars 2 #10 2 #13 2 #10 SI
Top Steel(Right)
Negative (M3)
2
2
2
bars 2 #10 2 #13 2 #10 SI
Shear reinforcement:
Vu ETABS 11 11 12 kN
φVc = 29 29 29 kN
No Stirrups No Stirrups No Stirrups
Stirrups Vu < 1/2 *φVc Vu < 1/2 *φVc Vu < 1/2 *φVc
Page 62
Calculations 3: Detail Analysis of beams on (Row I) for cross checking outputs from ETABS Analysis.
Fourth
Floor
BEAM I1-2 I2-3 I4-5 I10-1 I14-15 I14-15 Units
h 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 m

bw 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 m
Ltributary 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 m
2
wd 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 kN/m
2
wl 2.0 2 2.5 2 2 2 kN/m
Ln 5.4 3.4 6.8 4.4 4.6 5.4 m
wd+ self 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5 41.5 kN/m
Weight
wl 11.0 11 13.75 11 11 11 kN/m

wu 67.3 67.34 71.74 67.34 67.34 67.34 kN/m
2
wuLn 1963.6 778.45 3317.26 1303.70 1424.91 1963.63 kN.m
V1 181.8 114.5 243.9 148.1 154.9 181.8 kN

V3 103.0 350 103 194.3 194.3 194.3 kN
Coff ETABS Coff ETABS Coff ETABS Coff ETABS Coff ETABS Coff ETABS
M1 - 1/24 -81.8 -33.0 - 1/11 -70.8 -99.0 - 1/11 -301.6 -295.0 - 1/10 -130.4 -137.0 - 1/10 -142.5 -137.0 - 1/10 -196.4 -137.0 kN.m
M2 1/14 140.3 101.0 1/16 48.7 22.0 1/16 207.3 150.0 1/14 93.1 112.0 1/14 101.8 112.0 1/14 140.3 112.0 kN.m
M3 - 1/10 -196.4 -164.0 - 1/11 -70.8 -101.0 - 1/11 -301.6 -286.0 - 1/14 -93.1 -40.0 - 1/14 -101.8 -40.0 - 1/14 -140.3 -40.0 kN.m
Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS Wl^2/8 Envelope ETABS
Check
Static
moment
245 279 200 97 119 122 415 509 441 163 205 201 178 224 201 245 309 201 kN.m
Wl^2/8
Page 63
Calculations 4: Cross Check Design output ETABS for Beams in (Row I)
Beam I1-2 I2-3 I4-5 I10 -12 I12-13 I14-15 Units
Flexural reinforcement: Top Steel(left)

Asreq by
760 662 2530 1529 1529 1529 mm2
Hand
Asreq by
522 995 2609 1529 1529 1529 mm2
ETABS
Asprovided 774 1161 2709 1548 1548 1548 mm2
bars 2 #22 3 #22 7 #22 4 #22 4 #22 4 #22 SI
Flexural reinforcement: Bottom Steel(middle)
Asreq by
1371 449 1631 1371 1371 1371 mm2
Hand
Asreq by
988 502 1869 1045 1045 1045 mm2
ETABS
Asprovided 1548 774 1935 1548 1548 1548 mm2
bars 4 #22 2 #22 5 #22 4 #22 4 #22 4 #22 SI
Flexural reinforcement: Top Steel(Right)
Asreq by
1925 662 2530 1371 N/A 1371 N/A 1371 N/A mm2
Hand
Asreq by
1511 1014 2533 611 611 611 mm2
ETABS
Asprovided 1935 1161 2709 774 774 774 mm2
bars 5 #22 3 #22 7 #22 2 #22 2 #22 2 #22 SI
Shear reinforcement
Vu 81 78 226 153 153 153 kN
φVc = 118 118 118 118 118 118 kN
upto upto upto upto upto upto
spacing 150 150 80 125 125 125 mm
1.4m 1m 2m 1.3m 1.3m 1.3m
Max
150 150 150 150 150 150 mm
Spacing
No Stirrups
@ 1/2 *φVc 1.4 – 4.0 1.0 - 2.4 2.0 – 4.8 1.8 – 2.6 1.6 – 3.0 2.3 – 3.1 m
Page 64
Calculations 5: Cross Check Output Analysis ETABS Axial Load on Columns
Column Corner Side Middle Unit
h Beam 0.35 0.35 0.35 m
bw Beam 0.60 0.60 0.60 m wd+Self Weight 29.33 47.81 44.31 kN/m
2
wd 3.50 3.50 3.50 kN/m wl 8.10 15.30 15.30 kN/m
2
wl 3.00 3.00 3.00 kN/m wu 48.16 81.85 77.65 kN/m
2
wslab 1.68 1.68 1.68 kN/m Ln 2.20 2.20 5.10 m
2
wrib 2.52 2.52 2.52 kN/m B Column 0.25 0.25 0.25 m
Ltributary 2.70 5.10 5.10 m h Column 0.30 0.30 0.35 m
wBeam 5.04 5.04 5.04 kN/m Floor Hight 4.00 4.00 4.00 m
wslab 4.54 8.57 8.57 kN/m # of Floors 6 6 6 #
wrib 6.80 12.85 12.85 kN/m Pu 679 1124 2427 kN
wcladding 3.50 3.50 0.00 kN/m Pu ETABS 700 1206 2313 kN
Page 65
Calculations 6: Cross Check ETABS Design output by interaction diagram

Columns: Basement Second Floor Basement Second Floor Basement Second Floor
Corner Corner Middle (Tied) Middle (Tied)
Columns (Rect)15k (Rect)15k Side (Rect)14k Side (Tied)14k 14J J14 Unit
B 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.3 m
h 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 m
2
Ag 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.12 0.12 m
Pu 700 310 1206 490 2427 1060 kN
e/h (min) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
e 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.040 0.040 m
Mu 60.0 9.3 36.2 14.7 80.0 42.4 kN.m
φ (Tied) 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
Kn 0.479 0.212 0.825 0.335 1.037 0.453
Rn 0.041 0.021 0.082 0.034 0.104 0.045
Cover 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 m
Tie 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 m
γh 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 m
γ 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.75 0.75
ρ 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01
Longitudinal reinforcement:
2
Asreq 750 750 1500 750 3600 1200 mm
3
Asreq by ETABS 750 1547 2093 886 4845 1200 mm
2
As provided 904 1592 2272 904 5160 1592 mm
bars 8 no. 12 8 no. 16 8 no. 19 8 no. 12 8 no. 29 8 no. 16
Transverse reinforcement:
Check 16*bar 192 256 304 192 464 256 mm
Check 48*Tie 480 480 480 480 480 480 mm
Check b 250 250 250 250 300 300 mm
spacing 200 200 200 200 300 250 mm
Page 66
Calculations 7: Calculating Shear Base Ratio
Shear Base Ratio

EQ Load  0.12
Total Weight
Page 67
Calculations 8: ETABS outputs for Design of shear walls Reinforcement

G2 - E2 (Y)
Required Required
Required
Wall Reinf Provided Provided Horizontal Provided Shear
flexural
Location thickness Flexural flexural flexural Shear Reinf Horizontal Reinf ratio
Reinf 2 2
[mm] Ratio Reinf Reinf mm Ratio Shear Reinf [mm /m]
[mm^2/m] 2
(ETABS) [mm /m]
2 Layer
Basement 300 0.0153 4590 4644 2220 25 @ 450 2260
(22 @ 200
2 layer (10
Second 300 0.0025 750 2556 1730 22 @ 450 1720
@ 200 )
K9 - 10 (X)
Required Required
Required
Wall Reinf Provided Provided Horizontal Provided Shear
flexural
Location thickness Flexural flexural flexural Shear Reinf Horizontal Reinf ratio
Reinf 2 2
[mm] Ratio Reinf Reinf mm Ratio Shear Reinf [mm /m]
[mm^2/m] 2
(ETABS) [mm /m]
2 Layer
Basement 300 0.0182 5610 5800 1650 22 @ 450 1720
(25 @ 175
2 Layer
Second 300 0.0046 1380 1470 750 16 @ 450 884
(13 @ 175)
Page 68
Figure 46: Final Analytical Model used for Analysis, Source: ETABS
Page 69
Appendix C
 Borehole layout:
Figure 47 Borehole layout
Page 70
 SPT test:
Table 19 N-values for each borehole

Borehole #1 Borehole #2 Borehole #3
SPT SPT SPT
B.H.
Depth 15cm 15cm 15cm N 15cm 15cm 15cm N 15cm 15cm 15cm N
0
0.5 7 9 11 20 5 8 10 18 4 7 9 16
1 17 19 20 39 16 18 18 36 10 16 17 35
1.5 25 25 50 25 25 50 18 25 25 50
2 9 13 14 27 8 15 14 29 17 19 16 35
2.5 7 11 11 22 7 9 11 20 6 9 12 21
3 6 7 9 16 5 4 6 10 5 8 7 15
3.5
4 5 6 6 12 4 6 5 11 3 6 5 11
4.5
5 4 5 4 9 3 6 3 9 4 4 6 10
6 3 4 5 9 4 5 5 10 5 5 4 9
7 3 5 5 10 4 6 5 11 3 4 6 10
8 4 5 5 10 3 6 5 11 4 6 6 12
9 6 7 9 16 5 6 8 14 7 7 10 17
10 5 6 11 17 5 17 21 38 14 17 19 36
11 18 22 25 47 20 21 25 46 19 25 25 50
12 17 25 25 50 22 25 25 50 20 25 25 50
13 19 25 25 50 24 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
14 15 25 25 50 20 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
15 20 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
16 22 25 25 50 21 25 25 50 24 25 25 50
17 20 25 25 50 20 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
18 25 25 25 50 24 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
19 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
20 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50 25 25 25 50
Page 71
 Calculation of corrected SPT blow counts and friction angle of the soil:
After obtaining the N values from the SPT test (table8), the corrected SPT blow counts and the friction angle of the soil were calculated, as
shown in table 23, table Figure 27: , and table Figure 27.
The following formulas were used in calculating each entity shown in the tables:
  av KN / m 2    sandsat Z1   sandsat   water Z 2
Where:
σav (Kpa) = the vertical effective pressure of soil
γsand sat Z1 = the effective vertical pressure of the above soil
Z2(m) = the depth of soil Layer
γwater = unit weight of water = 9.8 KN/m3
10
 CN = (Liao and Whiteman’s relationship (1986))
·ó av
Where:
CN = correction factor
 (N1)60 = CNN60
Where:
(N1)60 = the corrected SPT blow counts
 Φ (deg) = 27.1 + 0.3(N1)60 – 0.00054[(N1)60]2 ( Peck, Hanson, and Thornburn (1974))
Where:
Page 72
Φ (deg) = the friction angle of the soil
 Es (Kpa) = Modulus of elasticity of soil = 800 N60
Table 20 SPT calculation of B.H.1

B.H.1
B.H. Depth N σav (Kpa) Cn (N1)60 Φ(deg) Es(Kpa)
0
0.5 20 8 3.54 50 45 40000
1 39 16 2.50 50 45 40000
1.5 50 24 2.04 50 45 40000
2 27 32 1.77 48 40 38184
2.5 22 40 1.58 35 36.88 27828
3 16 48 1.44 23 33.74 18475
3.5 14 56 1.34 19 32.52 14967
4 12 64 1.25 15 31.48 12000
4.5 10 72 1.18 12 30.56 9428
5 9 75.1 1.15 10 30.16 8308
6 9 81.3 1.11 10 30.04 7985
7 10 87.5 1.07 11 30.25 8552
8 10 93.7 1.03 10 30.14 8265
9 16 99.9 1.00 16 31.76 12806
10 17 106.1 0.97 17 31.90 13203
11 47 112.3 0.94 44 39.34 35481
12 50 118.5 0.92 50 45 40000
13 50 124.7 0.90 50 45 40000
14 50 130.9 0.87 50 45 40000
15 50 137.1 0.85 50 45 40000
16 50 143.3 0.84 50 45 40000
17 50 149.5 0.82 50 45 40000
18 50 155.7 0.80 50 45 40000
19 50 161.9 0.79 50 45 40000
20 50 168.1 0.77 50 45 40000
Page 73

B.H.2
B.H. Depth N σav (Kpa) Cn (N1)60 Φ Es(Kpa)
0
0.5 18 8 3.54 50 45.00 40000
1 36 16 2.50 50 45.00 40000
1.5 50 24 2.04 50 45.00 40000
2 29 32 1.77 51 41.06 41012
2.5 20 40 1.58 32 36.05 25298
3 10 48 1.44 14 31.32 11547
3.5 10 56 1.34 13 31.01 10690
4 11 64 1.25 14 31.12 11000
4.5 10 72 1.18 12 30.56 9428
5 9 75.1 1.15 10 30.16 8308
6 10 81.3 1.11 11 30.36 8872
7 11 87.5 1.07 12 30.55 9408
8 11 93.7 1.03 11 30.44 9091
9 14 99.9 1.00 14 31.20 11206
10 38 106.1 0.97 37 37.43 29513
11 46 112.3 0.94 43 39.10 34726
12 50 118.5 0.92 50 45.00 40000
13 50 124.7 0.90 50 45.00 40000
14 50 130.9 0.87 50 45.00 40000
15 50 137.1 0.85 50 45.00 40000
16 50 143.3 0.84 50 45.00 40000
17 50 149.5 0.82 50 45.00 40000
18 50 155.7 0.80 50 45.00 40000
19 50 161.9 0.79 50 45.00 40000
20 50 168.1 0.77 50 45.00 40000
Page 74

B.H.3
B.H. Depth N σav (Kpa) Cn (N1)60 Φ Es(Kpa)
0
0.5 16 8 3.54 50 45 40000
1 35 16 2.50 50 45 40000
1.5 50 24 2.04 50 45 40000
2 35 32 1.77 50 45 40000
2.5 21 40 1.58 33 36.47 26563
3 15 48 1.44 22 33.34 17321
3.5 13 56 1.34 17 32.15 13898
4 11 64 1.25 14 31.12 11000
4.5 10 72 1.18 12 30.56 9428
5 10 75.1 1.15 12 30.49 9231
6 9 81.3 1.11 10 30.04 7985
7 10 87.5 1.07 11 30.25 8552
8 12 93.7 1.03 12 30.74 9917
9 17 99.9 1.00 17 32.05 13607
10 36 106.1 0.97 35 36.93 27960
11 50 112.3 0.94 50 45 40000
12 50 118.5 0.92 50 45 40000
13 50 124.7 0.90 50 45 40000
14 50 130.9 0.87 50 45 40000
15 50 137.1 0.85 50 45 40000
16 50 143.3 0.84 50 45 40000
17 50 149.5 0.82 50 45 40000
18 50 155.7 0.80 50 45 40000
19 50 161.9 0.79 50 45 40000
20 50 168.1 0.77 50 45 40000
Page 75
The Fence Diagram:
Figure 48 Fence diagram of the soil
Page 76
Bearing Capacity calculations:
The General Bearing Capacity’s Equation By Meyerhof (1963):
With those factors to be calculated as follows:
a. Shape Factors: (L>B)
b. Depth Factors:
Df/B < 1
Page 77
Df/B> 1
c. Inclination Factors:
Page 78
Table 23 bearing capacity calculation
Qcol(max) kpa 1300 2300 3800 1100

Mcol(max) kN.m 50 50 50 50
Φ (deg) 30 30 30 30
B (m) 2.5 3.5 3 2
L (m) 2.5 3.5 5.5 3
Nq 18.4 18.4 18.4 18.4
Nγ 22.4 22.4 22.4 22.4
q (Kpa) 18 18 18 18
Fqs 1.55 1.55 1.3 1.37
Fγs 0.6 0.6 0.78 0.73
Fqd 1.116 1.08 1.10 1.145
Fγd 1 1 1 1
Fqi 1 1 1 1
Fγi 1 1 1 1
qu(soil) 818 911 872 755
F.S. 3.7 4.7 3.7 3.8
Settlement calculations:
Since the soil in this project is sand, there will be no consolidations. So the settlement calculations are considered for immediate settlements for
shallow foundations by the usage of Shmertmann’s method:
Shmertmann’s method:
Z2
Iz
Se = C1C2 (Q - q)  Es Z
0
Where:
Page 79
IZ = strain influence factor
IZ = 0.1 at Z = 0
IZ = 0.5 at Z = 0.5B
IZ = 0 at Z = Z2 = 2B
Es (KN/m2) = Modulus of elasticity of soil = 800 N60
C1 = a correction factor of the depth of embedment = 1 – 0.5 [q/ (Q – q)]
C2 = a correction factor to account creep in soil = 1 + 0.2 log (tyears/0.1), in this case tyears = 5
Q (KN/m2) = stress at the Level of Foundation
q (KN/m2) = γ Df = effective stress at the level of the bottom of the foundation
Table 24 immediate settlements of the footings

size of the footing
(mxm) 2.5 x 2.5 3.5 x 3.5 3 x 5.5 2x3
∑Iz/Es *∆z 0.00015 0.00022 0.00018 0.00012
q (kpa) 18 18 18 18
qcol(max) 221 193 235 201
C2 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34
C1 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.95
Se(mm) 16 19 20 11
Page 80
Figure 49 designed footings on SAFE
Page 81
Figure 50 layout of the foundation
Page 82
Appendix D
Quantities take off:
A. Superstructure:
The volume of the concrete for slabs, shear walls, beams, and columns were obtained from TEKLA as shown in table 18. Then, the volume of
ramp and ribbed were added to slabs, and also the volume of piers to columns. The total volume for each beams, slabs, columns, and shear walls are
shown in table Table 11.
Table 25 volume of concrete for superstructure items

Item L(m) B (m) A (m2) H (m) V(m3) Quantity Vt (m3)
Beams1 18.7 0.7 13.09 0.4 5 2 10
Beams2 15.827 0.7 11.079 0.4 4 3 13
Beams3 15.826 0.7 11.078 0.4 4 1 4
Beams4 15.7 0.7 10.99 0.4 4 1 4
Beams5 9.2 0.7 6.44 0.4 3 54 139
Beams6 6.8 0.7 4.76 0.4 2 102 194
Beams7 5.8 0.7 4.06 0.4 2 12 19
Beams8 5.4 0.7 3.78 0.4 2 78 118
Beams9 5.2 0.7 3.64 0.4 1 17 25
Beams10 5 0.7 3.5 0.4 1 12 17
Beams11 4.7 0.7 3.29 0.4 1 12 16
Beams12 4.4 0.7 3.08 0.4 1 42 52
Beams13 3.4 0.7 2.38 0.4 1 120 114
Beams14 3 0.7 2.1 0.4 1 8 7
Beams15 2.2 0.7 1.54 0.4 1 26 16
Ribbed1 5.8 0.3 1.74 0.075 0 612 80
Ribbed2 5.45 0.3 1.635 0.075 0 204 25
Ribbed3 5.2 0.3 1.56 0.075 0 602 70
Ribbed4 5 0.3 1.5 0.075 0 460 52
Ribbed5 4.7 0.3 1.41 0.075 0 1116 118
Page 83
Ribbed6 3.4 0.3 1.02 0.075 0 1122 86

Ribbed7 2.5 0.3 0.75 0.075 0 42 2
Ribbed8 2.2 0.3 0.66 0.075 0 40 2
Ribbed9 1.7 0.3 0.51 0.075 0 20 1
Columns1 0.4 0.3 0.12 4 0 396 190
Piers 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.5 0 66 4
Slab 1580 0.07 111 7 774
Ramp 171 0.07 12 1 12
Shearwall1 13.4 0.2 2.68 26.5 71 1 71
Shearwall2 5.4 0.2 1.08 26.5 29 2 57
Shearwall3 5 0.2 1 26.5 27 1 27
Shearwall4 4.7 0.2 0.94 26.5 25 2 50
Shearwall5 3.4 0.2 0.68 26.5 18 3 54
Shearwall6 2.5 0.2 0.5 26.5 13 3 40
Shearwall7 1.7 0.2 0.34 26.5 9 4 36
Table 26 total volume of concrete for superstructure items

Item Vconcrete (m3)
Columns 200
Beams 800
Slabs 1300
Shearwalls 350
Page 84
B. Earth work:
1. Sheet Piling:
For excavation, there will be sheet piles around the perimeter of the excavation area for 4m depth.
A = (56 + 40.5) x 2 x 4 = 800 m2
2. Excavation:
The area of excavation is shown in figure 25. The depth of excavation is 4m.
V = (56 x (40.5 + 28.5)/2) x 4 = 8000 m2
Figure 51 excavation area
Page 85
3. Backfill:
There will be a backfill for a 1 meter strip surrounding the building.
V = (56 + 40.5) x 2 x 4 = 800 m3
C. Masonry:
1. Exterior wall:
A = (52 + 30) x 2 x 24 = 4000 m2
2. Interior wall:
The interior wall’s length was estimated to be 10 times the width of the hospital.
A = (10 x 30) x 24 = 7200 m2
D. Roof insulation:
Area of roof = 1550 m2
E. Finishes:
1. Wall’s painting:
A = (4000 + 7200) x 2 = 22400 m2
A = 1550 x 6 = 9300 m2
F. Handicap ramp access:
For the entrances of the building 10m length of 1m wide handicap ramp was estimated.
G. General requirements:
1. Offices and storage Boxes:
Page 86
Two offices and storage boxes were estimated to be needed for the construction of the hospital
2. Scaffolding:
A = (52 x 20) = 1050 m2
H. Doors and windows:
1. Doors:
From the architecture plans provided the number of doors needed is equal to 312 doors.
2. Windows:
It was estimated that for every 33 m2 of the exterior wall 1 window would be provided.
Number of windows = (52 + 30) x 2 x 20 / 33 = 100
I. Roads and pavement:
1. Asphalt:
The amount of asphalt needed was estimated to be the difference between the total area of the Land, and the area of the building.
A = 10000 – 1550 = 8500 m2
2. Curbs and gutters:
The length of the curbs and gutters needed along the road was estimated to be 2000m.
J. Stairs:
From the architectural plans the area of the stairs was estimated to be 1000 m2.
K. Footings:
The layout of the footings and the dimensions of the footings are shown in figures 26, and 1. The thickness of each footing is equal to 1m.
Page 87
V = (2.5 x 2.5) x 24 + (3.5 x 3.5) x 11 + (3 x 5.5) x 15 + (2 x 3) x 2 = 550 m3
Figure 52 layout of footings
Page 88
Figure 53 dimension of footings
Page 89
Unit cost estimate:
Table 27 unit cost estimate excel sheet
Page 90
Page 91

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Fall 2008

Analysis and Design of hospital in the following areas:

Transportation Engineering, Structure Engineering,

Geotechnical Engineering, and Construction Management

Final Design Project Report

II. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING .................................................................................... 4

A. PURPOSE & SCOPE 4

B. CHOOSING HOSPITAL LOCATION 4

C. ACCESSIBILITY & SETTING OUT PLAN 4

III. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................................... 18

A. OVERVIEW AND SCOPE 18

B. STUDYING THE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING 19

C. DEFINING THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 20

F. UTILIZING THE DATA 38

IV. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ..................................................................................... 39

E. FOUNDATION DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: 41

V. CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING ...................................................................................... 46

A. OVERVIEW OF THE ESTIMATING: 46

C. QUANTITY TAKE OFF: 47

D. UNIT COST ESTIMATION: 48

E. WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE: 49

VI. WORKS CITED ................................................................................................................. 56

Figure 1: Location of EMA Hospital. Source (maps.google.com) .......................................... 1

Figure 2: Project Area (Approximately 1 km2) ....................................................................... 2

Figure 4: Location of Hospital Connected to Local Road ....................................................... 6

Figure 5: U-turn(Ambulance) .................................................................................................. 8

Figure 6: Leaving U-turn ......................................................................................................... 9

Figure 7: Two-way Aisle-90º (AutoCAD Drawing) ............................................................. 12

Figure 8: Two-way Aisle-60º (AutoCAD Drawing) ............................................................. 12

Figure 9: Design Basement Parking Layout (AutoCAD Drawing) ....................................... 13

Figure 10: Hospital Layout .................................................................................................... 14

Figure 11: Thickness of Pavement ........................................................................................ 15

Figure 12: Design Parameters................................................................................................ 16

Figure 13: Calculating Thickness of Layers .......................................................................... 17

Figure 14: Flowchart showing the structural Desgin process. ............................................... 18

Figure 15: Architectural Number Columns 137. ................................................................... 19

Figure 16: Required Number Columns 76............................................................................. 19

Figure 17: Plan View of Structure System, Initial Desgin. ................................................... 20

Figure 19: Table 12 supplementary ....................................................................................... 23

Figure 20: ETABS Wind Load Input..................................................................................... 23

Figure 22: Wind Loads distribution on building. Source: ETABS........................................ 25

Figure 23: Defining the seismic loading on ETABS ............................................................. 26

Figure 24: Seismic lateral loads on each floor....................................................................... 27

Figure 27: Ribbed slab Flooring System (Unit is in "mm") .................................................. 29

Figure 28: ETABS model Plan View .................................................................................... 30

Figure 31: Vertical Deflection Control, Source: SAFE. ........................................................ 33

Figure 33: New Shear wall location: Source: ETABS .......................................................... 36

Figure 34: Maximum Lateral Deflection, Source: ETABS ................................................... 37

Figure 35 friction angle vs. depth .......................................................................................... 40

Figure 36 SPT blow counts versus depth .............................................................................. 41

Figure 37 section of the 3.5m x 3.5m single footing ............................................................. 43

Figure 38 the at rest lateral earth pressure of the soil ............................................................ 44

Figure 39 section of the tie back anchor sheet pile ................................................................ 44

Figure 40 cost curve .............................................................................................................. 51

Figure 41 construction site layout.......................................................................................... 52

Figure 42: Architectural Drawing for Basement floor........................................................... 57

Figure 43: Architectural Drawing for Ground floor .............................................................. 58

Figure 44: Architectural Drawing for First floor. .................................................................. 59

Figure 45: Architectural Drawing for Second up to 4th floor ............................................... 60

Figure 47 Borehole layout ..................................................................................................... 70

Figure 48 Fence diagram of the soil ...................................................................................... 76

Figure 49 designed footings on SAFE ................................................................................... 81