LOADING / UNLOADING

EQUIPMENT

Course no 5.6
 LOADING / UNLOADING EQUIPMENT

The ships cranes are used to move heavy weights in both

vertical and horizontal direction and to load / unload different
objects.

Cranes are basically classified by their method of working:

• Cargo Winches or Derricks
• Jib Cranes
• Gantry Cranes
 1. Cargo Winches or Derricks

The derrick is the equipment consisting of one mast hinged freely at the
bottom, held at the head by guys or braces, with or without a boom. It
is controlled by several lines powered by manual-hauling or winches in
order to move the pole in all directions.

The derrick’s main parts

• A boom is a timber or metal strut, pivoted or hinged at the lower end

at a location fixed in height on a frame mast, and with its upper end
supported by chains or ropes to the upper end of the frame mast.
• Mast means the upright member of the derrick.
• A guy is a rope used to steady or secure the mast in the desired
position.
• The topping line is a reeved rope between the head of the mast and the
boom upper end for raising and lowering the boom.
• The hoisting wire rope for raising and lowering the load is reeved through
sheaves at the boom upper end.
• Swing means the rotation of
the mast and/or boom for
movements of loads in a
horizontal direction about
the axis of rotation.
• Reeving referring to ropes
and wires in which the rope
travels around drums and sheaves.
• A winch is a mechanical
device used to pull in or let out
or otherwise to adjust the
"tension" of a rope or wire rope.
Different types of derricks
 2. Jib Cranes

Cranes have replaced derricks on many modern ships. Positioned between the
holds on platforms which can be rotated through 360 degrees, deck cranes
provide an immediately operational unit requiring only one man to operate
them. Double gearing is a feature of most designs, providing a higher speed
at lighter loads.
 How does it work?
A general cargo crane has three separate drives that provide the
principal movements:
• A hoisting motor for lifting the load.
• A luffing motor for raising or lowering the jib.
• A slewing motor for rotating the crane.
 Jib Cranes main parts
• A boom
used as a mechanical shipboard app
liance, is a structural unit used to
lift, transfer, or support heavy
weights. A boom is used with other
structures that support it, and
various ropes, which control it.
• Kingpost connects to the platform
and is the centerline of rotation for
the upper structure.
• Sheaves and Ropes. The hoisting
and topping ropes are led from the
drums over the
sheaves to the head of the boom:
• Boom hoist: raises and lowers the
boom;
• Boom suspension: the collection of wire ropes, sheaves and other rigging
components of the maneuvers used to support the boom;
• Auxiliary (fast line): the secondary rope system capable of lifting a lower
capacity than the main block.
• The machinery Platforms carry the power equipment and the operator’s
station. These platforms are mounted on the king post above the deck.
• The drums of the hoisting and
topping winches are generally grooved
for the proper size of the wire rope.
The hoisting system uses single or
multiple lines as required. The topping
system uses multiple lines as required.
• The cab is the place where the
operator maneuvers the crane's controls.
• The gantry is a frame to which the
boom support ropes are reeved.
• The pedestal is the substructure
where the upper structure is mounted on.
 3 Gantry Cranes

The gantry crane provides a base for the ship board cranes; each gantry is an open
steel construction consisting of a horizontal span supported on two pairs of
legs. The gantry, if it is fully assembled on board, straddles the ship’s holds,
each pair of legs resting on rails switch run the length of the deck to port and
starboard at the hatch cover.

Types of gantry
 Gantry cranes main parts

• Quay crane(1);
• dock's edge (2);
• the beam of a ship (3),
• Rotatable boom (4);
• crane superstructure (5);
• wheels (6),
• Gantry (7)
• Wire rope reeving. the sheaves are disposed at the
pinnacle (8) of the superstructure to guide wire rope
reeving (9) which is used to lift the outboard or cantilevered
end of the boom to the upright raised stowed position.
Hinge point (10),
Movable trolley (11),
operator's cab (12),
cargo container (13)
 Boom Types

Knuckle boom (or articulated boom) Telescopic booms

Flying jibs Trolley

 Crane functions and technical specifications

• Lift the load at a suitable speed.

• Hold the load from running back.
• Lower the load under control.
• Take up the slack on the slugs without induced stress.
• Drop the load smartly on the hold.
• Allow more power when overloaded on starting up again and
automatically lower the power when the load is relieved.
• Have good acceleration and retardation.
Type of loading/ unloading equipment
used by different ships
Port-container ships
LNG tanks
Petroleum tanks
LPG tanks
Oro/Obo ships
General cargo
Type of loading/ unloading equipment
from the purpose point of view
Hatch covers
Loading/ unloading the containerized cargo
The rescue boat
How are the rescue boat maneuvered?
Handling the ladders
Shore- loading/unloading equipment
 Oil Hose Crane
Maker Oriental Precision and
Engineering Co. Ltd

No. of sets 5 tone

SWL 24 m

Max. lift 5 m/min

Hoisting speed 3.75/ 1.7 m
Working radius Manual
Slewing 50

Max. heel 20
Max. trim 5.5 kW
Fig.
Motor rating 16 mm Ø x 68 m, stainless steel
 Rescue Boat Davits
Type PBR-ZOL-0,8-3,2/3,0 - 800

SWL 8 kN
Persons onboard 6
Boat winch type WL 8
Slewing Hydraulic pump

Slewing angle 800

Max. lowering 40 m
height
Min. Ø of hoisting Ø = 1 mm
rope
Electric supply 3x380 V, 50 Hz
Fig.
Rescue boat Weight 925 kg