Practica Nº1

5 −1 2
A=[ 4 2 3]
−5 −5 2
2 −2 3
B = [ 0 3 3]
1 −2 5
1 2 3
C=[ ]
4 5 6
1
D = [ 5]
0

1. Dadas las matrices A, B, C y D calcular:

a) -2A+3B
5 −1 2 2 −2 3 −10 2 −4 6 −6 9 −4 −4 5
= -2[ 4 2 3] + 3[0 3 3]= [ −8 −4 −6] + [0 9 9 ]= [−8 5 3]
−5 −5 2 1 −2 5 10 10 −4 3 −6 15 13 4 11

b) ½(A*B)
17
6 − 2
11
5 −1 2 2 −2 3 12 −17 22
11 33
= ½ {[ 4 2 3] ∗ [0 3 3]} = ½ [ 11 −8 33 ] = 2
−4 2
−5 −5 2 1 −2 5 −8 −9 −20 9
[−4 −
2
−10]

c) B(-A)
2 −2 3 5 −1 2 2 −2 3 −5 1 −2 13 21 −4
= [0 3 3 ] {− [ 4 2 3 ]} = [0 3 3 ] * [−4 −2 −3 ] = [ 3 9 −15]
1 −2 5 −5 −5 2 1 −2 5 5 5 −2 28 30 −6

d) 3A*At-B*Bt
5 −1 2 5 4 −5 2 −2 3 2 0 1
=3[ 4 2 3]*[−1 2 −5] - [0 3 3] * [−2 3 −2]
−5 −5 2 2 3 2 1 −2 5 3 3 5
30 24 −16 17 3 21
= 3 [ 24 29 −24] - [ 9 18 9 ]
−16 −24 54 21 −9 30
90 72 −48 17 3 21 73 69 −69
= [ 72 27 −72] - [ 9 18 9 ] = [ 69 69 −81]
−48 −72 162 21 −9 30 −69 −63 132
e) C-A

= ∄
f) (D)(A)(B)( Ct)

3𝑋1
D A
3𝑋3
B
3𝑋3
B =
3𝑋2
∄
 4
g) 4/5(D*B*C)t = 5
(D t *B t *C t)

2 0 1 1 4
4
= 5 {[1 5 0] ∗ [−2 3 ∗
−2] [2 5]}
3 3 5 3 6
1 4
4
= 5 [−8 15 − 9] * [2 5]
3 6
4 44
= [−5 − 11] = [−4 − ]
5 5

h) (6C*5D)t
1
1 2 3
= 6[ ] 5[5]
4 5 6
0
5
6 12 18
=[ ] [25]
24 30 36
0

330 𝑡
= [ ] = [330 870]
870
2. Calcula, en cada caso la matriz X que verifica la igualdad
3 −1 5 4 0 6
a)[ ]+𝑋 = [ ]
1 0 3 0 2 2
4 0 6 3 −1 5
X=[ ]-[ ]
0 2 2 1 0 3
1 1 1
X=[ ]
−1 2 −1
−1 4 −5 4
b) 2 [ ] − 3X = [ ]
−3 −2 0 −1
−5 4 −2 8
-3 X = [ ]-[ ]
0 −1 −6 −4
−3 −4
-3 X = [ ]
6 3
1 −3 −4
X= [ ]
3 6 3
4
1
X=[ 3 ]
−2 −1
3. Dadas las siguientes matrices A y B, determinar el orden y los elementos de la matriz X.
1 4 −2 4 −3
𝐴=[ ] ,𝐵 = [ ],𝐶 = [ ]
2 −3 2 −3 4
a) A*X=1/2B
1 4 𝑋1 𝑋2 1 −2 4
[ ][ ]= [ ]
2 −3 𝑋3 𝑋4 2 2 −3

1 4 𝑋1 𝑋2 −1 2
]= [
[ ][
− 2]
3
2 −3 𝑋3 𝑋4 1

𝑋1 + 4𝑋3 = −1 (1)
𝑋2 + 4𝑋4 = 2 (2)
2𝑋1 − 3𝑋3 = 1 (3)
3
{2 𝑋2 − 3𝑋4 = − (4)
2

1y3 2y4

𝑋 + 4𝑋3 = −1 (−2) 𝑋2 + 4𝑋4 = 2 (−2)

{ 1 { 3
2𝑋1 − 3𝑋3 = 1 2𝑋2 − 3𝑋4 = −2

−2𝑋2 − 8𝑋4 = −4
−2𝑋1 − 8𝑋3 = 2 3
{ 2𝑋1 − 3𝑋3 = 1 2𝑋1 − 3𝑋4 = − 2
−11𝑋3 = 3 11
−11𝑋4 = − 2
{

3 1
𝑋3 = − 11 𝑋4 = 2

𝑋3 en 1 𝑋4 en 2

3 1
𝑋1 + 4 (− 11) = −1 𝑋2 + 4 (2) = 2
12
𝑋1 = −1 + 11 𝑋2 + 2 = 2
1
𝑋1 = 𝑋2 = 0
11

1
0
11
∴ 𝑋2𝑥2 [ 3 1]
− 11 2

b) At(B)X=C

1 2 −2 4 −3 2𝑋1 − 2𝑋2 = −3 (/2)

[ ][ ] = [ ] {
4 −3 2 −3 4 −14𝑋1 ∓ 28𝑋2 = 4
3
2 −2 𝑋 −3 𝑋1 − 𝑋2 = − 2 (1)
[ ] [ 1] = [ ] {
−14 28 2𝑥2 𝑋2 2𝑥1 4 2𝑥1 −14𝑋1 ∓ 28𝑋2 = 4 (2)
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑜 𝑋1 𝑑𝑒 1 𝑋1 𝑒𝑛 2
3
𝑋1 = 𝑋2 − 2 (3) −14𝑋1 ∓ 28𝑋2 = 4
3
−14 (𝑋2 − 2) ∓ 28𝑋2 = 4

−14𝑋2 − 21 ∓ 28𝑋2 = 4
14𝑋2 = 25
25
𝑋2 =
14

𝑋2 𝑒𝑛 3
3
𝑋1 = 𝑋2 −
2
25 3 4/14
𝑋1 =
14
−
2
∴ 𝑋 = [25/14]
4
𝑋1 =
14

c) A+3/4X=4/3B
3/4X=4/3B-A

3 4 −2 4 1 4
X= [ ]− [ ]
4 3 2 −3 2 −3

8 16
3
−3 1 4
3
X = [ 8 ]− [ ]
4
−4 2 −3
3

11 4
3
−3 3
X = [ 2 ]
4
3
1

11 4
−
3
X = 4 [ 23 3
]
1
3

−44 16
X=[ 8 4 ]
3
d) Halla las matrices X y Y del siguiente Sistema:
2𝑋 + 𝑌 = 3/2𝐴 (1)
{
𝑋 − 𝑌 = 2𝐵𝑡 (2)
3
3X = 𝐴 + 2𝐵𝑡
2
3 1 4 −2 2
3x = [ ]+2[ ]
2 2 −3 4 −3
3
6 −4 4
2
3X = [ 9] + [ 8 ]
3 −2 −6

5
− 10
3X = [ 2 21]
11 − 2

5
1 −2 10
X= [ 21]
3
11 − 2

5 10
−
X = [ 116 3
7]
3 2

X en 2
X – Y = 2𝐵𝑡
Y = X - 2𝐵𝑡
5 10
−6
- [−4
3 4
Y = [ 11 7] ]
8 −6
3 2

19 4
6 3
Y=[ 13 19]
− 3 2

𝑚 0 5
4. Determina los valores para los cuales 𝑋 = [ ] verifique 𝑋 2 − 2 𝑋 + 𝐼 = 0.
0 2
𝑚 0 𝑚 0 5 𝑚 0 1 0 0 0
[ ] [ ]- [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
0 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 1 0 0
2 5
0] - [2 𝑚 0 1 0 0 0
[𝑚 ] +[ ]=[ ] Los vectores que hacen que cumplan
0 4 0 5 0 1 0 0
la condición de la ecuación son :
2 5 1
𝑚 - 2
𝑚 +1=0 𝑚1 = 2 ; 𝑚2 = 2

0-0+0=0
0–0+0=0
4–5+1=0
5. Hallar la potencia n-ésima de:
1 1
a) 𝐴 = [ ]
0 0
𝑎 0
b) 𝐴 = [ 2 ]
𝑎 0
𝑎 0 0
c) 𝐴 = [𝑎 𝑎 𝑎]
𝑎 0 0
1 0 1
d) 𝐴 = [0 1 0]
1 0 1
1 0 1
e) 𝐴 = [0 3 0]
0 0 0
5 −1 2
2
6. Dada la siguiente función F(X) = 𝑋 3 − 2𝑋 2 − 3 𝑋 + 4, y la matriz A=[ 4 2 3],
−5 −5 2
determinar F(A).