Pressure Equipment Directive - SMOE

Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC
An Introduction
Vishnumurthi Ragavendhra Rao

06 August 2014
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New Approach and Global Approach
1. New Approach and Global Approach

2. EU Product Directive/ CE Marking
3. Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC (PED)
4. Scope and Definition
5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
10. Annex I – ESRs
11. Conformity Assessment Modules
12. Documentation – General Guideline
13. Questions and Answers
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 Basis: Article 95 paragraph 3 of the EC Treaty

(http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12002E095:EN:HTML)
– The Commission, in its proposals envisaged in paragraph 1 concerning health, safety,

environmental protection and consumer protection, will take as a base a high level of
protection, taking account in particular of any new development based on scientific
facts. Within their respective powers, the European Parliament and the Council will also
seek to achieve this objective.
 Three important reference documents:
1. Council Resolution of 07.05.1985, where a 'New Approach to technical
harmonization and standards' is seen as an essential condition for
improving the competitiveness of European industry.
2. Council Resolution of 21.12.1989 on a Global Approach to certification and
testing, which states the guiding principles for Community policy on
conformity assessment.
3. The Global Approach was completed by Council Decision 93/465/EEC. This
Decision lay down general guidelines and detailed procedures for conformity
assessment that are to be used in New Approach directives.
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Guidance
 The Web:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-standards/harmonised-standards/new-approach_en.htm
 The Blueguide:
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/single-market-goods/files/blue-guide/guidepublic_en.pdf
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Implementation
EEA Member States Enforcing EU Product Directives:
European Union Members (EU: 28MS)

Germany, France, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Ireland,
Portugal, Greece, Luxembourg, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Czech Republic, Cyprus,
Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria,
Romania and Croatia
European Free Trade Association (EFTA: 4MS)

Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland
European Economic Area (EEA)

EU+EFTA (-Switzerland)
However Switzerland is linked to the European Union by the Swiss–EU bilateral agreements.
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EU Product Directive

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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 A Law passed by the EU that must be implemented by all EEA member states.
The law (Directive) is binding upon the member state as to the objective to be
achieved, with limited leeway as to how to achieve it.
 Intended to remove technical barriers to trade by establishing a commonly
accepted level of safety.
 Applies to
Example: Directive 97/23/EC covering Pressurised Equipment
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Machinery Low Voltage Pressure ATEX Directive EMC Directive

Directive Equipment
Directive
Directive
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‘New Method’ Directives
List of directives based on New Approach and Global Approach

 Directives based on the principles of the New Approach which provide for CE
marking
 Directives based on the principles of the New Approach or the Global Approach,
but which do not provide for CE marking
 Directives based on the principles of the New Approach and the Global Approach
 Proposals for directives based on the principles of the New Approach or the Global
Approach)
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Definitions
 Placing on the market

“The making available, against payment or free of charge, of a product covered
by the Directive, and intended for a user, in the Community market for the
purpose of distribution and/or use on the Community territory ”
 Putting into service
“The first use on the Community territory, by its end user, of a product referred to
in the Directive ”
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Definitions (contd.)
 Manufacturer
“Any natural or legal person who designs or
manufactures a product or who has such a
product designed or manufactured, and markets
that product under his name or trademark ”
 Authorised representative
“Any natural or legal person established within the
Community, appointed by the manufacturer by a
written mandate, to act on his behalf in respect of
certain obligations of the manufacturer “
 Importer
“Any natural or legal person established within the
Community, who places a product from a third
country on the Community market “
Ref.: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/single-market-goods/free-movement-non-harmonised-sectors/
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Definitions (contd.)
 European Commission: Executive arm of the of the European Union, responsible

for development and enforcement of EU Directives
 Notified Body: a third party body, appointed by the national authority of an EEA
member state, for performing conformity assessment for specific EU Product
Directives
(http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/newapproach/nando/index.cfm?fuseaction=notifiedbody.main)
 Recognized Third Party Organization: a third party appointed by the national

authority of an EEA member state, specifically for approval of welding and NDE
procedure and personnel approval.
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Product Directive/ National Legislation
Placing on the market and putting into service (free movement)

Making available for the first time and first use by the end user within the
Community
European Legislation (addressing safety)

Specific directives 97/23/EC (PED) & 2009/105/EC (SPVD)
General product safety directive 2001/95/EC (GPSD)
Operation of the equipment (mainly national competence)

E.g. labour safety, installation, periodic inspections, repairs
EU legislation sets minimum requirements for labour safety

National legislation must not conflict with PED
http://www.dsb.no/no/Ansvarsomrader/Farlige-stoffer/Brannfarlig-reaksjonsfarlig-og-trykksatt-stoff/Veiledninger/
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Principles
 Products placed on the Community market shall comply with all applicable
legislation (product directives).
 The manufacturer, having detailed knowledge of the design and production
process, is best placed to carry out the complete conformity assessment
procedure. Conformity assessment should therefore remain the obligation of the
manufacturer alone.
 Standards and presumption of conformity
– EC directives define the "essential requirements", e.g., protection of health and
safety, that goods must meet when they are placed on the market.
– The European standards bodies have the task of drawing up the corresponding
technical specifications meeting the essential requirements of the directives,
compliance with which will provide a presumption of conformity with the
essential requirements. Such specifications are referred to as "harmonised
standards". See list on http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/european-
standards/documents/harmonised-standards-legislation/list-references/index_en.htm
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Principles (contd.)
‘Harmonized’ Product Standard: A technical standard, reviewed and approved

by the European Commission, which, when used in full, satisfied all Essential Safety
Requirements of relevant EU Product Directives.
‘Harmonized’ Support Standard: A technical standard, reviewed and approved

by the European Commission, which satisfies specific requirements of EU Product
Directives, such as issues related to welding, material specifications, NDE Operator
qualifications. Example: EN ISO 15614 series (welding procedure qualification)
Each harmonized standard will contain an annex stating which essential safety requirements it satisfies. The
advantage of using these standards is that no additional justification is required that essential
safety requirements have been met and providing the standards have been correctly applied the design of the
equipment can not be challenged.
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Annex ZA
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Principles (contd.)
 Liability for defective products (producer liability)

– The advantages of the Single market in facilitating the availability in all member
States of a wide range of products from all corners of the Union must be made
available within a framework which assures citizens of the safety of those
products and the possibility to claim compensation in case of damages caused
by defective products. Since 1985, the EU Internal Market counts on a
framework of product liability set up to satisfy both concerns.
– Directive 1985/374 and Directive 1999/34 apply to any product marketed in the
European Economic area and is of direct concern for both citizens and
producers in that area. By striking a fair balance of risk among citizens and
producers, this legislation aims to converge consumers’ interests with Single
Market policies (namely free exchange of goods and elimination of competition
distortions).
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Non-compliant Product
User
Authority
Market
Manufacturer
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CE Marking
The CE mark, denoting: “Communauté Européenne” confirms

that a product complies with all relevant EU Product Directives.
CE Marking declares the completion of conformity assessment

and that the equipment or assembly complies with the
provisions of the Directive and meets the Essential Safety
Requirements.
To be accompanied with the identification number for the

Notified Body responsible for surveillance (assessment of the 0575
production), e.g. for DNV 0575
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Declaration of Conformity
Content requirements given in the

individual directive
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5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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PED Coverage
 Began Transition period 29 November 1999
 Became Mandatory from 29 May 2002
 Applies to Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Pressure and Safety Accessories
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Where to find information

 Pressure Equipment Sector homepage in European Commission
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/pressure-and-gas/documents/ped/index_en.htm
 231 Guidelines help in interpreting the PED
1. Scope and exclusions of the directive
2. Classification and categories
3. Assemblies
4. Evaluation assessment procedures
5. Interpretation of the essential requirements on design
6. Interpretation of the essential requirements on manufacturing
7. Interpretation of the essential requirements on materials
8. Interpretation of other essential requirements
9. Miscellaneous
10. General/Horizontal issues
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Scope and Definition

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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The PE Directive applies to:
 The design, manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and

assemblies with a maximum allowable pressure (PS) greater than 0,5 bar
 Every type of pressure equipment is covered if not specifically listed as excluded
in Article 1, Sec. 3 (items 3.1 to 3.21)
 Also (as for all other directives) does not cover “in-service” (guideline 1/3)
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 'Pressure equipment` means vessels, piping, safety accessories and pressure

accessories. Where applicable, pressure equipment includes elements attached to
pressurized parts, such as flanges, nozzles, couplings, supports, lifting lugs, etc.
 'Vessel` means a housing designed and built to contain fluids under pressure
including its direct attachments up to the coupling point connecting it to other
equipment. A vessel may be composed of more than one chamber. (article 3/9,
guideline 2/19)
 'Piping` means piping components intended for the transport of fluids, when
connected together for integration into a pressure system. Piping includes in
particular a pipe or system of pipes, tubing, fittings, expansion joints, hoses, or
other pressure-bearing components as appropriate. Heat exchangers consisting of
pipes for the purpose of cooling or heating air shall be considered as piping.
(guideline2/4)
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 'Safety accessories` means devices designed to protect pressure equipment

against the allowable limits being exceeded. Such devices include: devices for
direct pressure limitation, such as safety valves, bursting disc safety devices,
buckling rods, controlled safety pressure relief systems (CSPRS), and limiting
devices, which either activate the means for correction or provide for shutdown or
shutdown and lockout, such as pressure switches or temperature switches or fluid
level switches and 'safety related measurement control and regulation (SRMCR)`
devices.
Note:
Safety Accessories are normally Category IV. If purchased, should be CE marked by device manufacturer
(97/23/EC Annex II, cl 2)
EN ISO EN ISO 4126-1, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 1: Safety valves
EN ISO EN ISO 4126-3, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 3: Safety valves and bursting
disc safety devices in combination
EN 764-7, Safety systems for unfired pressure equipment
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 'Pressure accessories` means devices with an operational function and having

pressure-bearing housings. (valves, meters, etc.)
 'Assemblies` means several pieces of pressure equipment assembled by a
manufacturer to constitute an integrated and functional whole.
Example for Assembly

Boiler  Assemblies
The means of providing the boiler with feed water and the means of preparing and
feeding the fuel to the boiler are not part of this minimum assembly. They can bear
a CE marking separately or be integrated in the assembly if the manufacturer
wishes so.
EN 12952 series (guideline 3/4)
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 Flanges, fittings, plain pipe lengths, heads and other equipment that don’t have
an identifiable pressure housing (such as Thermowells) are considered as
“components” of pressure equipment and not equipment themselves, so they can
not be CE marked for compliance with PED. (guideline 4/9, 7/19)
Example for components of pressure equipment

cover, collar, gasket, flange, bolt : “components” of pressure equipment
Question: What guidance can be given regarding the application of the Directive to component parts of pressure equipment
such as flanges, dished ends and nozzles ?
Answer: If these component parts are incorporated to an item of pressure equipment, the relevant requirements of the
directive will apply.
However, these component parts do not meet the definition of pressure equipment in Article 1.2.1, therefore they shall not
bear the CE mark.
It is the responsibility of the pressure equipment manufacturer to ensure that the component parts enable the pressure
equipment to meet the essential safety requirements of the directive. (guideline 1/22)
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Case study I
 safety valve  safety accessory
 cover, collar, gasket, flange, bolt  components of a pressure equipment
 sight glass with its frames  components of a pressure equipment
 flanges, fittings, plain pipe lengths  components of a pressure equipment
 thermowells  components of a pressure equipment
 valves, meters  pressure accessory
 connecting together piping components (flanges, pipes, fittings, reducers for
example)  item of piping (guideline 2/31)
Note: Related standards

Standard joints at CEN level:<Harmonized standards>
EN 1092 standards for PN designated flanges / EN 1759 – 3 / 4 standards for class designated flanges
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Case study II
 pressure cookers, portable extinguishers, breathing apparatus, skid mounted

systems, autoclaves; air conditioner, compressed air supply in a factory,
refrigerating system, shell boilers, water tube boilers, distillation, evaporation or
filtering units in process plants, oil heating furnaces  assemblies (guideline 3/8)
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Notable Exclusions: (from Article 1, Section 3)

 Simple pressure vessel (SPVD), e.g portable air compressor
 Items specifically designed for nuclear use, failure of which may cause an
emission of radioactivity;
 Pressure equipment consisting of a flexible casing, e.g. tyres, air cushions, balls
used for play, inflatable craft, and other similar pressure equipment
 Transmission pipelines to or from an installation (onshore or offshore), but
includes compression or pressure reduction stations
 Radiators and pipes in warm water heating systems
 Public water distribution networks
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Classification

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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Classification
 Pressure equipment shall be classified by category in accordance with Annex II,

according to ascending level of hazard
 Most vessels and piping are classified on the basis of:

– their maximum allowable pressure (PS), and
– their volume V or their nominal size (DN), as appropriate, and
– the group of fluids for which they are intended,
Nominal Size (DN) means a numerical designation of size which is common to all
components in a piping system other than components indicated by outside
diameters or by thread size.
Note: Consideration Volume and DN

In some cases both volume and DN are considered appropriate. In such cases, the pressure accessory must be
classified in the highest category.
In the case of valves, DN is normally the more appropriate.(guideline 2/17)
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Classification
Classification of fluid group
Group 1 Group 2
 Explosive All other fluids, including steam

 Extremely flammable
 Highly flammable
 Flammable
 Very toxic
 Toxic
 Oxidizing
(guideline 2/7)
Commission Directive 2001/59/EC adapting to Council Directive 67/548/EEC

relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=en&numdoc=32001L0059&model=guichett
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Classification
Classification of fluid group
VESSELS STEAM PIPING

GENERATORS
State of Gas Liquid Gas Liquid

Contents
or liquid whose or liquid
vapour whose vapour
pressure> 0,5 pressure> 0,5
at TS at TS
Fluid Dang Oth. Dang Oth. Dang Oth. Dang Oth.

Group
Refer to Table Table Table Table Table 5 Table Table Table Table
table 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9
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Classification
Article 3.3 products

 Pressure equipment and/or assemblies below or equal to the limits in sections 1.1, 1.2 and
1.3 and section 2 respectively must be designed and manufactured in accordance with the
sound engineering practice of a Member State in order to ensure safe use. Pressure
equipment and/or assemblies must be accompanied by adequate instructions for use and
must bear markings to permit identification of the manufacturer or of his authorized
representative established within the Community. Such equipment and/or assemblies must
not bear the CE marking referred to in Article 15.
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Classification
Table 1
Vessel for Group 1 gases or liquid
whose vapour pressure at the maximum
allowable temperature is greater than
0,5 bar above normal atmospheric
pressure
Unstable gas and falling within

categories I or II on the basis of Table
1, must be classified in category III
Typical examples of unstable gases: acetylene

(UN 1001), methyl acetylene (UN 1060),
vinylfluoride (UN 1860). Refer to Directive
67/548/EEC (guideline 2/21)
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Classification
Table 2
Vessels for Group 2 gases or liquid

whose vapour pressure at the maximum
allowable temperature is greater than
0,5 bar above normal atmospheric
pressure
Portable extinguishers and bottles for

breathing equipment must be classified
at least in category III
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Classification
Table 3
Vessels for Group 1 liquid whose vapour

pressure at the maximum allowable
temperature is not greater than 0,5 bar
above normal atmospheric pressure
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Classification
Table 4
Vessels for Group 2 liquid whose vapour

pressure at the maximum allowable
temperature is not greater than 0,5 bar
above normal atmospheric pressure
Assemblies intended for generating

warm water at temperatures not greater
than 110°C, which are manually fed with
solid fuels and have a product or
pressure and volume greater the 50 bar
litres must be subjected to either Module
B1 (for ESR’s 2.10, 2.11, 3.4, 5 (a) (b),
or Module H
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Classification
Table 5
Steam Generators
The design of pressure cookers must be

subject to a conformity assessment
procedure equivalent to at least one of
the category III modules
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Classification
Table 6
Piping for Group 1 gases or liquid

whose vapour pressure at the
maximum allowable temperature is
greater than 0,5 bar above normal
atmospheric pressure
Unstable gas and falling within

categories I and II must be classified
in category III
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Classification
Table 7
Piping for Group 2 gases or liquid whose

vapour pressure at the maximum allowable
temperature is greater than 0,5 bar above
normal atmospheric pressure
All piping containing fluids at a temperature

greater than 350°C and falling within
category II must be classified in category III
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Classification
Table 8
Piping for Group 1 Liquids
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Classification
Table 9
Piping for Group 2 Liquids
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Classification
Case Study III
Determine the equipment category within PED (annex II) for the following
equipment:
Equipment: Well production test separator

Pressure: 350 PSI (24.13 bar)
Volume: 200 Gallon (757 litre)
Contents: Group 1 fluid
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Classification
Case Study III
Evaluation Information:
Equipment Type = Vessel
Fluid state: = Liquid & Gas
Fluid group: =1
Annex II table =1
PS x V = 18,266 (24.13 x 757)
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Classification
Case Study III
PS = 24.13 bar
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49
Classification
Case Study III
PS = 24.13
V = 757 Litre
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Classification
Case Study III
PS x V = 18,266
PS x V > 1000
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Classification
Case Study III
PS x V = 18,266
PS x V > 1000
= category IV
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Materials

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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Materials
Manufacturing Requirements
Designer must select materials that are suitable for the expected application and
intended lifetime
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Materials
Provide list of materials Materials

that demonstrates source:
Harmonized
Standard
Materials European Approval

of Material
Particular Material
Appraisal
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Materials
Harmonised Standards
EN 10213 Pt 1
EN 10213 Pt 2 Steel castings
EN 10028 Pt 1 EN 10213 Pt 3
EN 10028 Pt 2 EN 10213 Pt 4
EN 10028 Pt 3
EN 10028 Pt 4 Steel Plates
EN 10028 Pt 5 EN 10222 Pt 1
EN 10028 Pt 6 EN 10222 Pt 2
EN 10028 Pt 7 EN 10222 Pt 3 Steel forging
EN 10222 Pt 4
EN 10269 EN 10222 Pt 5
Fasteners
EN 12482 Aluminium
EN 12420
EN 12451 Copper EN 10216 Seamless &
EN 12452 EN 10217 welded tubes
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Materials
EAM
European Approval of Materials is a technical document defining the characteristics of

materials intended for repeated use in the manufacture of pressure equipment the type of which
is NOT already covered by a harmonised standard. Notified bodies issue these documents. The
notified body shall determine and perform the appropriate inspections and tests to certify the
conformity of the types of material with the corresponding requirements of the PED.
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Materials
Particular Material Appraisal (PMA)is the process by which the manufacturer

ensures that each proposed material (that is not in a harmonized standard or
covered by EAM) is:
 Conforms to the applicable Essential Safety Requirements, or;
 Achieves an “equivalent level of safety” to ESR’s
 For pressure equipment in Category III and IV, a Notified Body must also perform
this appraisal
NOTE: It is always the manufacturer’s responsibility to confirm the material is suitable for it’s intended use.
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Materials
Main issues concerning PMA’s
Approval of ASME materials for use with PED:

 Impact toughness
 Ductility
 Forming- and welding
 Not affected by ageing
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Materials
Approval of ASME materials for use with PED:

Generally, ASME/ ASTM materials for use, through particular material appraisal
when:
 Materials supplied meet mechanical requirements of PED (where appropriate)
 ASME or suitable recognized design and fabrication code is used in it’s entirety
 ASME welding procedures are used, often in conjunction with EN ISO 15614
series supplemental testing.
NOTE: Some Notified Bodies will not accept ASME material properties or chemistry
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Materials
PMA Example
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Materials
Materials must have appropriate properties for all reasonably foreseeable operating
and test conditions, in particular concerning ductility and toughness. Where
appropriate, material characteristics should meet: (accordance with 97/23/EC
Annex I clause 4 and clause 7.5)
 Elongation after rupture exceeds 14%
 Charpy impact energy is not less that 27J, at temperature not higher than lowest
scheduled operating temperature, but not higher than 20°C
 Sufficiently chemically resistant to the fluid contained in the equipment
 Not sufficiently affected by ageing
 Suitable for the intended processing procedures
 Selected in order to avoid significant undesirable effects when put together with
other materials
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Materials
Material Documentation
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Materials
Case Study IV
Who is responsible for the PMA?
For PED Category I and II, the PMA is under the responsibility of the
equipment manufacturer
For PED Category III and IV, the PMA is appraised by the nominated
Notified Body
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Welding

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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Welding
Welding (joining) Procedures
 The properties of welded joints must meet the minimum properties for the base
materials joined
 Welding procedures must be supported with qualification tests
 Welding procedures and personnel for (pressure welds) on Category II, III
and IV equipment must be approved by either a Notified Body or a Recognized
Third Party Organisation (Annex I 3.1.2)
NOTE: Third Party Organizations may appoint organisations according to Article 13 of the Directive, for specific tasks
related to approval of welding procedures, personnel, and NDE operators. These appointments are listed with the
Commission, in the same way as Notified Body appointment.
WQ= Welder Qualification
WPS= Welding Procedure Specification
PQR= Procedure Qualification Record
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Welding
Welding Consumables (guideline 7/12)

 Manufacturers of welding consumables shall provide inspection documents
affirming compliance with the specification.
 Based on section 4 of Annex I and guideline 7/5 manufacturers of welding
consumables shall provide test report "2.2" as an inspection document in
accordance with the standard EN 10204.
 The traceability requirement of Annex I section 3.1.5 applies also for welding
consumables. It can be maintained by procedural methods that cover receipt,
identification, storage, transfer to production, temporary storage and use in
production, availability of correct inspection documents at the final inspection (see
also guideline 7/4).
NOTE :Welding consumables are treated as materials and must fulfil the relevant requirements of: 4.1, 4.2(a),
4.3 First paragraph, Certificate of conformance required
Welding consumables are defined by trade name, designation and relevant EN classification standard.
Inspection documents of welding consumables should give test results, for technical characteristics
according to designation and classification standard, such as:
 Chemical composition of welding filler metal or all-weld metal as appropriate
 Tensile properties of all-weld metal: tensile and yield strength, elongation
 Impact properties of all-weld metal at temperature according to designation. Test results are based on non
specific inspection and testing. They can be given for example as typical values based on quality control
tests.
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Welding
Welding (joining) Procedures
 Welding procedures and personnel qualifications are normally to be in accordance

with Harmonized Standards, such as EN 287 (Qualification test of welders)/ EN
ISO 15614 (Specification and qualification of welding procedure), or equivalent
standards. (guideline 6/8)
 When Notified Body approval is required, the Notified Body is responsible to
determine the extent with which they must witness or conduct the appropriate
tests. (guideline 6/1)
Note: EN ISO 15614-1 replaced EN 288-3 (Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials )
EN 287-1 was to be replaced by EN ISO 9606-1, but agreement could not be reached.
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NDE

2. EU Product Directive
5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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NDE
NDE Operator Qualification
 NDE Operators must be approved by a third-party organization recognized (RTPO)

by a Member State for Category III and IV equipment.
 EN ISO 9712: specifies qualification and certification requirements for NDE
personnel
 Harmonised standard for NDT operator qualification to PED: EN ISO 9712
NOTE: Operators with certificates from other schemes than EN ISO 9712 will in most cases not be approved by a RTPO
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Final Assessment

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
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Final Assessment
Final Assessment: Inspection and Testing
Final Inspection
 Equipment must undergo a final inspection and documentation review. Final
inspection must be carried out internally and externally on every part of the
equipment (at the appropriate stage of manufacturing).
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Final Assessment
Final Assessment: Inspection and Testing

Testing:
Final assessment of equipment must include be pressure testing:
 Hydrostatic testing
PT  1,43PS
and whichever is greater
fa
Pt  1,25 PS 
f ts
 If hydrostatic testing is harmful or impractical, other recognized tests may be
carried out, but may require additional NDE to be carried out. (e.g.. pneumatic
pressure test guideline 8/16)
Pt is the test pressure measured at the highest point of the vessel in test position;
Ps is the maximum allowable pressure of the vessel;
fa is the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases of the part at test temperature;
fts is the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases of the part at maximum allowable temperature;
Pt , Ps , fa and fts shall have consistent units.
73 DNV GL © 2013
Final Assessment
Final Assessment: Applying harmonised standards
EN 13445 series: Unfired pressure vessels

EN 13445-5
Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing
EN 13480 series: Metallic industrial piping

EN 13480-5
Metallic industrial piping — Part 5: Inspection and testing
74 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
75 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
General Requirements
 Eliminate or reduce hazards

 Apply protective measures for hazards not eliminated
 Inform users of residual hazards and required special measures necessary
 Design to prevent danger from known or clearly foreseeable misuse
The manufacturer is under an obligation to analyse the hazards, in order to identify those which apply to his equipment;
the he must design and construct it taking account of his analysis.
76 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Hazard Analysis
Start
Determine
Equipment
Boundaries
Identification Risk Reduction

of Hazards
No
Is
Risk
Evaluation
Equipment
Safe? Yes
END
78 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
General Design Requirements
Design for Adequate Strength: (loading appropriate to intended use, including):

 Internal/external pressure
 Ambient and operating temperatures
 Static pressure and mass of contents in operating and test conditions
 Traffic, wind, earthquake loading
 Reaction forces and moments which result from the supports, attachments,
piping, etc.
 Corrosion and erosion, fatigue, etc.
 Decomposition of unstable fluids
 Various loading which can occur at the same time must be considered
79 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Design Requirements
Two methods for adequate design strength:
Calculation Method: (ref. 2.2.3)

Allowable stresses must be limited having regard to reasonably foreseeable failure
modes under operating conditions. Safety factors must be applied. Requirements
may be met by applying one or more of the following methods:
 design by formula
 design by analysis
 design by fracture mechanics
80 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Design Requirements
Experimental Design Method (ref. 2.2.4)

Allowed when the PS x V is less that 6000 bar/L, or PS x DN is less than 3000 bar
Design may be validated all, or in part by an appropriate test program, carried out
on a representative sample of the equipment or category of the equipment. The
test program must include:
 A pressure strength test, at a pressure with a defined safety margin in relation to
MAP
 Appropriate tests when risk of creep or fatigue exists (determined on the basis of
service conditions)
 Additional factors identified in General Design Requirements (2.1.1)
81 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Design Requirements
 Adequate means of draining and venting (2.5)

 Adequate allowance for corrosions or chemical attack (2.6)
 Wear (2.7)
 Suitable components when used on assemblies (2.8)
 Provisions for filling and discharging (2.9)
 Protection against exceeding the allowable limits(2.10)
82 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Provisions to ensure safe handling and operation
Particular attention must be paid to:

 closures and openings
 dangerous discharge of pressure relief blow-off
 devices to prevent physical access while pressure or vacuum exists
 surface temperature taking into consideration the intended use
 decomposition of unstable fluids
 pressure equipment with an access door must be equipped with a device enabling
the user to easily ascertain that the opening will not present any hazards and, if
the device can be operated quickly, a device to prevent it being opened whenever
pressure or temperature of fluids presents a hazard.
83 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Safety Accessories
 Must be designed and constructed to be reliable and suitable for the intended
duty: SIL (safety integrity level)
 Be independent of other functions
 Comply with appropriate design principles, such as, fail-safe modes, redundancy,
diversity and self-diagnosis
 Pressure limiting devices must not allow the equipment to see short duration
pressure surge exceeding 10% of allowable working pressure.
 Temperature monitoring devices must have an adequate response time,
consistent with the measurement function.
Note: Safety Devices are normally Category IV. If purchased, should be CE marked by device manufacturer
84 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Marking and Labelling

Marking requirements:
 Manufacturer’s name, address
 Year of manufacture
 Identification according to it’s nature,(type, series, serial no., etc.)
 Essential min/max allowable limits
Further information as necessary for safe installation, operation, maintenance,

periodic inspection, etc.:
 Volume (in litre)
 Nominal size (for piping, piping accessories)
 test pressure
 Safety device set pressure
 Tare mass (in kg)
 Maximum filling mass (in kg)
85 DNV GL © 2013
Annex I - ESRs
Operating Instructions
Equipment placed on the market must be accompanied by instructions for use,

including:
 Information necessary for safe, mounting/assembly of pressure equipment,
putting into service, use, maintenance
 Instructions must cover information affixed to the equipment, including drawing,
diagrams, etc. as need to understand the instructions
 Hazards arising from misuse, limitations, etc.
 Although not specifically mentioned in the Directive, the instructions must be in
an official EU language, and in the language of intended use.
86 DNV GL © 2013
Conformity Assessment Modules

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
87 DNV GL © 2013
Conformity Assessment Modules
Module for
Conformity Assessment Process
Type Pressure Equipment Category Conformity
per Annex III of the PED
Assessment
I A Internal Process Control
Internal Process Control with Monitoring
A1
Piping by Notified Body
II D1 Production Quality Assurance
E1 Product Quality Assurance
B1+D EC Design Production Quality Assurance
E.g.
Pressure B1+F Examination + Product Verification
and Breathing Equipment
Vessels, III B+E Product Quality Assurance

Portable Extinguishers
Pressure EC Type
Accessories, B+C1 Examination + Conformity to Type
Pressure
H Comprehensive Quality Assurance
Assemblies
B+D EC Type Production Quality Assurance
Examination +
Accessories
B+F Product Verification

Safety
IV G EC Individual Testing
Full Quality Assurance with Design Examination
H1 and Special Surveillance of the Final Product
examination
88 DNV GL © 2013
Documentation – General Guideline

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
89 DNV GL © 2013
TCF Content – Design Review
ESR-EVALUATION
RISK ANALYSIS
To be drawn up if non harmonised
standards are used
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Description of the pressure equipment DRAWINGS
- Pressure (Highest/lowest) Shall contain information showing:
- Temperature (Highest/lowest) - All manufacturing details
- Volume - Joint efficiencies
- Fluid (Specification, Fluid group, Density) - Marking plate
Following information can be presented
on the drawings alternative on separate
documentation:
- WPS
- Forming procedures
CALCULATIONS - Heat treatment
Description of the relevant load cases: - Coating&Painting
- Fatigue (Number of/allowable number of load - Brazing
cycles) - Inspection schedule
- Creep (Max operation time in creep range) - Tests to be done
- Static loads - Materials
- Dynamic loads - Marking of welds
Design Standard and Method
Special regulations
Customer Specifications
90 DNV GL © 2013
TCF Content – Manufacture Control
MATERIAL CERTIFICATION INFORMATION SHOWING (IF WPS

Including welding NOT SHOWN ON DRAWINGS) Approved by
consumables - WPS NB/RTPO for Cat II,
- Forming procedures III and IV
- Heat treatment
- Coating & Painting
PMA
- Brazing LIST OF WELDERS
If non-harmonised
- Inspection schedule and Approved by
standard materials are
record NB/RTPO for Cat II,
used
- Tests to be done III and IV
- Materials
TEST REPORTS - Marking of welds
NDT-RECORDS
NDT-operators shall
be approved by RTPO
PROOF TEST REPORT for Cat III and IV
Inclusive proof test
procedure
OPERATION MANUAL
91 DNV GL © 2013
Assemblies - Documentation
1. P & ID
 P & ID should as a minimum include:
– document number
– document revision
– tag on equipment
– flow direction
– reference to other P & ID
– specification on piping
– shutdown functions
– control system should be comprehensible
– position on valves in normal operation
– Legend/ symbol description
2. Piping specification/ design pressure and temperature for the piping used
3. Flexibility analysis of the piping system
92 DNV GL © 2013
Assemblies - Documentation
5. Process datasheet for Pressure Relieving Devices or any other form which
includes information about required rate, set pressure and maximum allowable
overpressure
6. Risk analysis/ HAZOP/ Safety Analysis Tables
7. Vendor documentation on Pressure Relieving Device including relieving rate and
maximum allowable pressure
8. Line sizing calculation upstream and downstream of Pressure Relieving Devices
according to EN 764, Part 7, Section 8.2.2 and 8.2.3 or equivalent
9. If not shown on the P & ID the ESD system is needed and in addition the cause
and effect diagram
10.Functionality description of the system
11.Piping isometric drawings - composite & detailed
93 DNV GL © 2013
TCF Content
General condition on all documentation:
Traceability!
94 DNV GL © 2013
Questions

5. Classification
6. Materials
7. Welding
8. NDE
9. Final Assessment
95 DNV GL © 2013
www.dnvgl.com
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96 DNV GL © 2013

Pressure Equipment Directive - SMOE

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Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC

Vishnumurthi Ragavendhra Rao

1 DNV GL © 2013 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

1. New Approach and Global Approach

 Basis: Article 95 paragraph 3 of the EC Treaty

– The Commission, in its proposals envisaged in paragraph 1 concerning health, safety,

EEA Member States Enforcing EU Product Directives:

European Union Members (EU: 28MS)

European Free Trade Association (EFTA: 4MS)

European Economic Area (EEA)

1. New Approach and Global Approach

Machinery Low Voltage Pressure ATEX Directive EMC Directive

List of directives based on New Approach and Global Approach

 Placing on the market

 European Commission: Executive arm of the of the European Union, responsible

 Recognized Third Party Organization: a third party appointed by the national

Placing on the market and putting into service (free movement)

European Legislation (addressing safety)

Operation of the equipment (mainly national competence)

EU legislation sets minimum requirements for labour safety

‘Harmonized’ Product Standard: A technical standard, reviewed and approved

‘Harmonized’ Support Standard: A technical standard, reviewed and approved

 Liability for defective products (producer liability)

The CE mark, denoting: “Communauté Européenne” confirms

CE Marking declares the completion of conformity assessment

To be accompanied with the identification number for the

Content requirements given in the

1. New Approach and Global Approach

Where to find information

1. New Approach and Global Approach

The PE Directive applies to:

 The design, manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and

 'Pressure equipment` means vessels, piping, safety accessories and pressure

 'Safety accessories` means devices designed to protect pressure equipment

 'Pressure accessories` means devices with an operational function and having

Example for Assembly

Example for components of pressure equipment

Note: Related standards

 pressure cookers, portable extinguishers, breathing apparatus, skid mounted

Notable Exclusions: (from Article 1, Section 3)

1. New Approach and Global Approach

 Pressure equipment shall be classified by category in accordance with Annex II,

 Most vessels and piping are classified on the basis of:

Note: Consideration Volume and DN

Classification of fluid group

 Explosive All other fluids, including steam

Commission Directive 2001/59/EC adapting to Council Directive 67/548/EEC

Classification of fluid group

VESSELS STEAM PIPING

State of Gas Liquid Gas Liquid

Fluid Dang Oth. Dang Oth. Dang Oth. Dang Oth.

Article 3.3 products

Unstable gas and falling within

Typical examples of unstable gases: acetylene

Vessels for Group 2 gases or liquid

Portable extinguishers and bottles for

Vessels for Group 1 liquid whose vapour

Vessels for Group 2 liquid whose vapour

Assemblies intended for generating

The design of pressure cookers must be

Piping for Group 1 gases or liquid

Unstable gas and falling within

Piping for Group 2 gases or liquid whose

All piping containing fluids at a temperature