ISSUED FOR IDC A 21.11.

2012 MAYM
REASON FOR ISSUE REVISION REV. DATE PREP. BY CHECKED APPROVED

Document Family: No. of pages

SPEC 20
Project: Doc. type:
Engineering Standard
Documentation SA - Specification
Unit: Discipline:
L - Piping/Layout
Client: System no:

00
Document Title:

PIPING DESIGN PREMISE

{Replace with client logo}

Client Doc. No.: Doc. No.: Rev.

4119-SA-00315523 A
PIPING DESIGN PREMISE

Doc. No: 4119-SA-00315523 Rev.: A

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SCOPE 4

2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 4
2.1 Definitions........................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 5

3 PROCESS PIPING 6
3.1 Pipe Design ..................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1 Materials ............................................................................................. 6
3.1.2 Design Pressures ............................................................................... 6
3.1.3 Design Temperatures ......................................................................... 6
3.1.4 Loads .................................................................................................. 6
3.1.5 Isolation Blinds ................................................................................... 6
3.1.6 Visual Inspection ................................................................................ 6
3.2 Line Sizing ....................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1 General Pipe Sized ............................................................................ 6
3.2.2 Fluid Flow Line Sizes ......................................................................... 7
3.3 Layout and Clearance ..................................................................................... 7
3.3.1 Piping Layout ...................................................................................... 7
3.3.2 Accessibility ........................................................................................ 8
3.3.3 Clearances ......................................................................................... 8
3.3.4 Clear Passageways ............................................................................ 8
3.3.5 Earthing .............................................................................................. 9
3.4 Thermal Expansion and Support .................................................................... 9
3.5 Process Drains and Vents............................................................................... 9
3.5.1 Process Piping Drains ........................................................................ 9
3.5.2 Process Vessel Drains ..................................................................... 10
3.5.3 Vents ................................................................................................ 10
3.5.4 Plugs................................................................................................. 10
3.6 Closed Drain System .................................................................................... 10
3.6.1 For Closed Drain requirements see: ................................................ 10
3.7 Strainers ........................................................................................................ 10
3.7.1 Temporary and Permanent Strainers ............................................... 10
3.7.2 Temporary Strainers ......................................................................... 11
3.7.3 Permanent Strainers ........................................................................ 11
3.8 Valves ............................................................................................................ 11
3.8.1 General ............................................................................................. 11
3.8.2 Ball Valves ........................................................................................ 11
3.8.3 Butterfly Valves ................................................................................ 11
3.8.4 Check Valves ................................................................................... 11
3.8.5 Globe Valve ...................................................................................... 12
3.8.6 Miscellaneous Valves ....................................................................... 12
3.9 Pressure Safety Valves (PSVS) .................................................................... 12
3.9.1 Block Valves ..................................................................................... 12
3.9.2 Operational Requirements ............................................................... 12
3.10 Piping to Pumps, Vessels and Equipment .................................................... 12
3.10.1 Pump Piping ..................................................................................... 12
3.10.2 Positive Displacement Type Compressor Piping ............................. 13
3.10.3 Vessel Piping .................................................................................... 13
3.10.4 Heat Exchange Piping ...................................................................... 13

4 UTILITY PIPING 13
4.1 Seawater, Utility Water and Potable Water Piping ....................................... 13
4.1.1 Operational Requirements ............................................................... 13
4.1.2 Utility Water Stations ........................................................................ 14
4.2 Utility Air and Instrument Air Piping .............................................................. 14
4.3 Operational Requirements of Instrument Air:................................................ 14
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4.3.1 Layout Requirements ....................................................................... 14

4.4 Heating Media Piping .................................................................................... 14
4.5 Fire Water System ........................................................................................ 15
4.5.1 Operational Requirements ............................................................... 15
4.5.2 Firewater Piping Layout.................................................................... 15
4.6 Deck Drains ................................................................................................... 15
4.6.1 For Deck Drain requirements see: ................................................... 15

5 MARINE PIPING 15
5.1 General.......................................................................................................... 15
5.1.1 Materials ........................................................................................... 15
5.1.2 Design Pressures ............................................................................. 15
5.1.3 Design Temperatures ....................................................................... 16
5.1.4 Loads ................................................................................................ 16
5.1.5 Isolation Blinds ................................................................................. 16
5.1.6 Visual Inspection .............................................................................. 16
5.2 Steam & Condensate Piping ......................................................................... 16
5.3 Feed Water Piping System ........................................................................... 16

6 PIPING CONNECTIONS 17
6.1 General.......................................................................................................... 17
6.2 Butt Weld Connections .................................................................................. 17
6.2.1 Materials ........................................................................................... 17
6.2.2 Elbows .............................................................................................. 17
6.2.3 Bevels ............................................................................................... 17
6.3 Socket Weld Connections ............................................................................. 17
6.3.1 General ............................................................................................. 17
6.4 Flange Connections ...................................................................................... 17
6.4.1 Materials ........................................................................................... 17
6.4.2 Flange Faces .................................................................................... 18
6.4.3 Flange Bolts ..................................................................................... 18
6.4.4 Weld Neck Flanges .......................................................................... 18
6.4.5 Reducing Flanges ............................................................................ 18
6.4.6 Slip-On Flanges ................................................................................ 18
6.4.7 Flange Blinds .................................................................................... 18
6.4.8 Flange Gaskets ................................................................................ 18
6.4.9 Earthing ............................................................................................ 18
6.5 Threaded Connections .................................................................................. 19
6.5.1 Materials ........................................................................................... 19
6.5.2 Unions .............................................................................................. 19
6.5.3 Vibration ........................................................................................... 19

7 INSPECTION AND TESTING 19

8 PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAMS (P&IDS) 19

8.1 Drawing Layout ............................................................................................. 19

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1 Scope
This specification defines the minimum requirements for the design of piping to be installed on
FPSO.

2 Reference Documents
The design of piping systems and the piping material data sheets shall be in accordance with the
latest edition of the codes and standards listed below. A particular code or standard that will
apply during the course of design and fabrication shall be the latest revision published at the time
of design start.
4119-FD-00318657 Drainage Philosophy
4119-SA-00315525 Piping Support Design Premise
4119-FD-00320243 Piping Stress Analysis Philosophy
4119-SA-00315527 Piping & Valve Material Specification for Topside & Marine
4119-KA-00320257 Controlled Bolt Torquing and Tensioning Procedure
4119-SA-00320245 Painting Specification
4119-SA-00320247 Specification for Pressure Testing and Flushing of Pipes
4119-SA-00320249 Specification for the Examination of Piping and Structural Weld Joints
4119-SA-00320251 Insulation Specification for Pipework and Vessels

American Society Of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS ½ through NPS 24
B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
B16.11 Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges – Ring-Joint, Spiral Wound and
Jacketed
B16.21 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
B16.25 Butt-Welding Ends
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 through NPS 60
B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquids
B31.8 Gas Transmission & Distribution Piping Systems
B31.1 Power Piping
B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Streel Pipe
B36.19 Stainles Steel Pipe

American Petroleum Institute (API)

RP 14C Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation and Testing of
Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production Platforms
RP 14E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Offshore
Production Platform Piping Systems

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RP 14J Recommended Practice for Design and Hazards Analysis for Offshore
Production Facilities
RP 520 Part I & II - Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices
RP 521 Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems
Std 590 Steel Line Blanks

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS)

SP-44 Steel Pipeline Flanges.

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE: MR 01-75 / ISO 15156-1

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 15 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
NFPA 24 Private Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

2.1 Definitions
Conflicts
If conflicts occur between the specification, data sheets and the referenced codes and standards,
the most stringent requirements shall apply.

2.2 Abbreviations
AARH Arithmetric Average Roughenes Height
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BOP Bottom Of Pipe
BWO BW Offshore
CS Carbon Steel
FF Flat Faced
FPSO Floating Production Storage & Offloading
FRP Fibre Reinforced Pipe
MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection
NDT Non Destructive Testing
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NPSH Net Positive Suction Head
PD Positive Displacement
P& ID Piping & Instrument Diagram
PSE Pressure Safety Element

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PSV Pressure Safety Valve

PWHT Post Welded Heat Treatment
RF Raised Face
RT Rediography Test
RTJ Ring Type Joint
SOL Sockolet
SS Stainless Steel
TOL Tredolet
TOP Top of Pipe
UT Ultrasonic Test

3 Process Piping
3.1 Pipe Design
3.1.1 Materials
Pipe, fittings and valves for services specified shall conform to that of the Piping & Valve Material
Specification.
3.1.2 Design Pressures
Operating pressure and design pressure for piping systems and pressure safety device set points
shall be determined by BW Offshore Pte Ltd (BWO) with the Contractors assistance, and shall be
as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
3.1.3 Design Temperatures
Design temperatures downstream of a pressure safety valve (PSV), control valve, or other
pressure reducing shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
3.1.4 Loads
Piping systems shall be designed for lines filled with water for hydro testing, except for flare
headers and any other large diameter vapor lines which may be air tested as approved by BWO.
Piping systems on FPSO’s located in seismically active areas shall be designed to withstand
horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations in addition to gravity and operating loads.
Piping systems on floating facilities shall be designed to meet the motion criteria as defined in the
Structural Design Basis.
Transportation and installation loads shall be considered in the design.
Pipe Stress Analysis Philosophy (4119-FD-00320243) should be referred to for calculation piping
loads.
3.1.5 Isolation Blinds
Permanent Figure of 8 spectacle blinds or spade and spacer shall be provided dividing the piping
as shown on the P&IDs.
3.1.6 Visual Inspection
All pipe spools shall be visually inspected followed by applicable NDT such as RT,UT,MPI etc.
prior to PWHT.
3.2 Line Sizing
3.2.1 General Pipe Sized
Pipe sizes, 1 1/4, 2 1/2, 3 1/2, 5 and 7 inch, shall not be used except with prior approval of BWO.
As a general rule, all run and rack piping shall be 2-inch minimum.

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If non-standard pipe sizes are part of purchased equipment, connecting pipe shall be transitioned
to the next standard size as soon as possible.
Minimum pipe sizes shall be ½ inch or ¾ inch except for the following may dictate:
 Instrument drains and vents
 Instrument tubing lines
 Pressure gauge lines
 Sample lines
 Chemical injection lines
 Rotating equipment components

Minimum pressure ratings for ¾-inch and smaller pipe fittings shall be 3000 psi.
3.2.2 Fluid Flow Line Sizes
Except for vents, flares, relief lines and fiberglass reinforced piping, single and multi-phase fluid
piping shall be sized by the methods outlined in API RP 14E.
Vents, flares and relief line piping shall be sized in accordance with API RP 521.
Fiberglass reinforced pipe shall be sized for a fluid velocity not to exceed 10 ft./sec.
3.3 Layout and Clearance
3.3.1 Piping Layout
The Layout shall be developed with the following aims:
 Ensure that the arrangement and functionality provided by the layout satisfies all
safety, operations and maintenance requirements with minimum impact on space,
weight and cost.
 Piping shall be oriented either facility forward / aft or facility port side / starboard side
 Piping shall not be oriented diagonally in the horizontal or vertical plane without prior
approval of BWO.
 Uninsulated and insulated lines shall be located such that line reference points
(bottom of pipe) are at the same elevation as bottom of pipe of adjacent uninsulated
lines. (i.e. on shoes).
 Piping running facility forward or facility aft shall have a minimum of 600mm vertical
separation (BOP / BOP) or 200mm clear (TOP / BOP) from piping running facility
east or facility west, unless otherwise approved by BWO.
 Space shall be allocated at an early stage for primary and secondary escape routes,
access ways, main pipe/cable racks/trunks and main ductwork as well as main
penetration areas.
 Plated deck penetrations shall:
 Employ seal welded deck penetration sleeves 150mm above deck and
25mm below deck
 Have a minimum 50mm gap between sleeve and pip.
 Grated deck pipe penetration sleeves shall:
 Be tack-welded to grating
 Extend 50mm above and 50mm below grating
 Be split to permit passage of a flange for the pipe
 Gratings shall be galvanized after installation of penetration sleeve
 Piping shall be arranged to achieve the shortest, most efficient and distribution
effective pipe runs imposed by process logic and equipment layout.
 Piping arrangements around process vessels shall permit access to manholes and
openings in vessels with sufficient space to move davit supported covers out of the
way.
 All piping and tubing shall be arranged to facilitate supporting and design shall
provide for servicing or removal of instruments, pump casings, orifice plates, heat
exchanger bundles, filter elements and other equipment parts and appurtenances.
 Layout shall allow for equipment staging areas near cranes, where available, on
each deck.

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 Piping shall consider the following safety concerns:

 Crane lifts and other logistical operations over piping / vessels.
 Direct fired equipment, engine and turbine exhausts and potentially
hazardous mechanical equipment in vicinity.
 Local atmospheric vents, blowdown and relief of hydrocarbons relative to
FPSO orientation, potential ignition sources, seasonal wind directions,
helicopter flights paths and building air intakes.
 Piping layout to avoid obstruction of Deluge Spray Pattern and Flame
detection.
 Piping layout should be such that it should avoid any dead legs.
3.3.2 Accessibility
Access to equipment valves and instruments shall be provided for operations, disassembly and
removal.
Control valves, relief valves, shutdown valves and lubricated valves shall be located such that the
valves may be serviced.
Except for drain and vent valves used solely for construction and start-up purposes, access to
valves, controls and instruments shall be provided from deck level and if necessary, by means of
ladder stairways, walkways or elevated landings.
Gauge glasses, temperature indicators and pressure gauges/instrument local indicators shall be
visible from:
 Deck of skid edge
 Related control instruments
 Ladders

Process sampling and drain connections shall be accessible from deck or elevated platform.
Drain and sampling effluent shall be captured by the open drains system by tubing to drain or skid
pan.
3.3.3 Clearances
The following minimum clearances (with modules) in Table 3.3:1 shall be provided, unless
otherwise specifically approved by BWO:
Table 3.3:1 Minimum Clearances

Application Clearance from Bottom of Pipe or

Bottom of Insulation to Deck
Personnel access, overhead (including bottom 2.1 m
of associated pipe supports)
Lines at grade or deck elevation 203 mm
Meter runs 760 mm

A minimum of 50mm clearance, including insulation and flanges, shall be provided between
adjacent piping runs.
Pipe spacing and bottom elevation shall take into account insulation thickness and movement
due to thermal expansion or contraction.
Lines with orifice meter assemblies shall have sufficient clearance for installation and removal of
orifice plate.
3.3.4 Clear Passageways
Passageways for personnel access and movement and designated escape or evacuation routes
within modules shall be a minimum of 1.2m wide secondary access shall be a min. of 0.75m wide
with overhead clearance indicated in Section 3.3.3.

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Low elevation piping and / or pipe stiles shall not be permitted in designated escape or
evacuation routes. Low elevation piping in other passageways may only be used with BWO
approval. Pipe stile must be used. Dead ends not to exceed 5m in length.
3.3.5 Earthing
In order to prevent dangerous built up of static electric charges resulting from the flow of fluid in
piping, the following items are to be earthed/ grounded to the hull such that the resistance
between any point on the piping and the hull (across joints, pipe to hull) does not exceed 1
MΏ:
 Piping and independent tanks containing fluids having a flash point of 60 deg. C
(140 deg. F) or less.
 Piping that is routed through hazardous area.

This can be achieved if the items are directly, or via their supports, either welded or bolted to the
hull. Bonding straps are required for piping not permanently connected to the hull, such as:
 Piping which is electrically insulated from the hull.
 Piping which has spool pieces arranged for removal.

Bonding straps shall be installed in visible location, protected for mechanical damage and made
of corrosion resistance material.
3.4 Thermal Expansion and Support
For pipe thermal expansion:
 Refer Piping Stress analysis report and/ or applicable code.

For pipe support requirements see:

 4119-SA-00315525 Piping Support Design Premise.

3.5 Process Drains and Vents

3.5.1 Process Piping Drains
Drain valves shall be installed between isolation valves and either side of Pressure Reducing
valves where liquid may be trapped. In addition, if any other places where piping layout feel the
chances of liquid traping or drop out, a drain should be provided. Bleed rings may be used for this
purpose if a location is not otherwise available for a TOL or SOL.
Low point drains shall conform to the following minimum size connection in Table 3.8:1:

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Table 3.8:1 Minimum Size Connections

Line Size Drain Size

Up to 11/2 ¾
2 to 6 1
8 and larger 1 1/2

Operational low point drains in process service shall be piped with block valves to the closed
drains system.
Vent, relief, flare and gas compressor suction lines shall be designed to avoid low point liquid
traps. BWO must approve unavoidable traps, an operational low point drain shall be installed at
low points.
P&IDs shall be revised to include operational high point vents and low point drains after
completion of the piping design layout.
Low point drains shall be installed at the end of the Instrument Air and Utility Air headers.
3.5.2 Process Vessel Drains
Multiple drain valves on horizontal pressure vessels shall:
 Be manifolded together
 Be connected to the closed drain system (this may waived by BWO)
 Have both ends of manifold blind flanged for clean out or local draining to skid pan.

Vessel drain connections not connected to closed drain system shall have a blind flange with a ¾
inch female tap with valve and plug, bolted to outside valve flange.
In sandy service, additional sand clean outs may be specified.
3.5.3 Vents
High points of lines shall have ¾ inch minimum vent connections.
Valve vents shall be installed where periodic vapor accumulation may be detrimental to
downstream equipment such as pumps and heat exchangers.
Vents required during startup or operation shall be equipped with a valve.
Vents required only for hydrotesting may be plugged without a valve. Frequently operated valves
shall be piped to the process vent system.
Elevation of vents to meet Hazardous area requirements.
3.5.4 Plugs
Drain and vent valves not piped to specific locations shall be plugged, capped or blind flanged as
appropriate.
3.6 Closed Drain System
3.6.1 For Closed Drain requirements see:
4119-FD-00318657 Drainage Philosophy
3.7 Strainers
3.7.1 Temporary and Permanent Strainers
Temporary and permanent strainers shall have net open area equal to or greater than 150% of
cross sectional area of inline piping.

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Suction lines to rotating equipment (compressors, pumps, etc) shall have temporary or
permanent strainers.
Piping layout should allow easy removal of strainers for maintenance and replacement.
3.7.2 Temporary Strainers
Temporary strainers shall be provided upstream of pumps, plate heat exchangers, control valves
with noise abatement trim and other items subject to plugging.
Piping shall be arranged to permit removal of temporary strainers from flanged joints without
altering pipe, pipe supports or equipment alignment.
3.7.3 Permanent Strainers
Piping normally carrying fluids containing materials detrimental to the operation of instruments
and equipment shall have permanent strainers upstream of instruments and equipment.
Permanent strainers shall be installed upstream of turbine of PD meter in produced liquid service.
The strainer mesh size shall be as per instrument requirements.
3.8 Valves
3.8.1 General
If piping specification changes at a valve, the valve shall be rated for the higher pressure and
coincident temperature specification. Specification changes shall be indicated on the P&IDs.
The first process valve (root valve) from process piping header or vessel shall be ½ inch or ¾
inch minimum consistent with Section 3.2.1.
Unless otherwise approved by BWO, small valves shall not have bodies that screw apart.
Face – Face and End – End dimensions of butt welded and flanged valves shall be as per ASME
B16.10.
3.8.2 Ball Valves
Except as specified on P&IDs, ball valve shall be used for shutoff service, including block on well
manifolds and vents and drains in pressure classes through ASME 2500 and API 5000. These
valves shall normally be reduced port.
Unless otherwise specified, full port ball valves to be used in the following applications:
 Lines requiring pigging.
 Horizontal lines sloped for continuous draining.
 Inlet to meter runs.
 Inlet and outlet of pressure safety valves (PSVs), rupture disc (PSEs) and blowdown
valves.
 Pump or compressor suction.
 Reduction of pressure drop when necessary to meet design criteria.
 Full port valves shall be identified on P&IDs.
3.8.3 Butterfly Valves
Butterfly valves shall:
 Only be used in low pressure, non-critical water service.
 Be lug type valve installed with cap screws such that the piping may be removed
from either side without releasing the valve.
3.8.4 Check Valves
The following shall apply for the use of check valves in Table 3.11:4:

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Table 3.11:4 Check Valves

Application Check Valve

½ to 2 Swing
½ to 1½ Piston
2 to 24 Dual Plate Wafer
Centrifugal pumps Swing
Reciprocating Pumps Piston
Centrifugal Compressors Piston
Reciprocating Compressors Piston

Swing check valves shall not be used in vertical pipe spools.

3.8.5 Globe Valve
Globe valves shall:
 Be used only where throttling is required.
 Not to be used to provide tight shutoff.
 Be identified on P&IDs.

Manual breakdown valves shall be specified as globe valves.

Bypass valves shall be globe valves.
3.8.6 Miscellaneous Valves
Except for low pressure service where ball valves shall be used, sample valves shall be needle
valves.
Sample valves shall be located upstream of control valves.
Generally chemical injection points should be located as far upstream in a piping run as practical
in order to maximize mixing.
3.9 Pressure Safety Valves (PSVS)
3.9.1 Block Valves
Block valve that may be locked in either open or closed position, can not be fitted on upstream or
downstream of a PSV, if no other 100% standby PSV is available.
Bleed and test valve shall be located between the upstream block in the open position.
PSV’s shall have a downstream full port block valve that will lock in the open position.
3.9.2 Operational Requirements
PSVs shall be mounted at the same elevation or higher than the relief header.
PSVs in hydrocarbon service shall have spare relief valve, or other approved pressure relieving
device, sized for 100% system capacity such that one device may be taken out of service at any
time without affecting the safety of the system. These shall be at all instances of possible
blocked discharge or gas blown by to a lower pressure rating specification. Non-critical or spared
equipment can be taken out of service for PSV service.
3.10 Piping to Pumps, Vessels and Equipment
3.10.1 Pump Piping
Pump suction lines shall be:
 Sized and arranged to meet pump NPSH requirements.

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 Routed to pumps without creating vapor traps in line.

 Routed to low continuously up or continuously down to the pump suction.
Check valves in pump discharge lines shall be located between pump and first block valve.
Piping at pumps shall have flexibility such that expansion or dead loads shall not imposed
excessive strain on pump casings.
If arrangements do not permit easy removal of pump, piping shall have removable spool pieces.
Flanged check valves or flange fittings between discharge and suction block valves and pump
may be used in lieu of spool pieces.
Pump casing and auxiliary drain connections on non-hydrocarbon pumps shall be piped to open
drain headers.
Eccentric reducers on horizontal pump suctions shall be installed with top flat (TF).
3.10.2 Positive Displacement Type Compressor Piping
Suction and discharge piping of positive displacement type compressors shall provide clearance
for removal of unit and pulling rotor without dismantling pipe.
Piping shall not obstruct compressor, instrumentation and seal oil components.
Lube oil return piping shall be sloped for gravity flow and have no pockets from the compressor or
turbine to the reservoir.
3.10.3 Vessel Piping
Vessel vents shall be piped to vent system.
Distance between inlet and outlet nozzles on horizontal separators and surge vessels shall be
maximized.
Piping layout and supports shall not interfere with access to vessel man ways, gauge glasses,
primary level instruments and other facilities for operation and maintenance of units.
Spectacle blinds shall be provided when indicated on the P&IDs and piping arrangement
drawings.
3.10.4 Heat Exchange Piping
Exchanger orientation and piping shall provide for operating access, maintenance clearance,
pulling the tube bundle, rodding or replacement of tubes with no or minimal dismantling of piping.
Cooling water shall be configured such that exchanger remains full of water during a water supply
failure.
Gases shall be self-venting from exchanger.
Valve drains and vents shall be provided on both sides.
Valve chemical cleaning connections shall be provided as necessary.
Process design shall consider relief requirements resulting from possible tubing leaks.

4 Utility Piping
4.1 Seawater, Utility Water and Potable Water Piping
4.1.1 Operational Requirements
Seawater piping where seawater contains oxygen should be FRP/ Yorcalbro/ Internally coated
carbon steel. Where Carbon steel pipe is used, this must be internally coated. If not rubber line or
glass flake coated then suitable epoxy coating must be applied internally based on BWO
approval.
All small, bore pipe should be stainless steel in general. However any other substitute can also be
used based on BWO approval.
Seawater Pump Discharge Piping

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Seawater pump discharge piping shall be arranged to permit disassembly and access by lift
equipment for pulling the motor, column pipe, lineshaft (if applicable) and pump.
Overhead piping shall be arranged to permit disassembly and access by lift equipment for pulling
the pump assembly.
4.1.2 Utility Water Stations
Utility water stations shall have:
 ¾ inch hose connections with ball valve and globe valve.
 15m lengths of hose.

Processes or utilities requiring potable water shall have a hose connection. Permanent pipe
connections to the potable water system shall not be permitted.
Potable water connections shall be provided to living quarters sprinkler system, if applicable, to
flush seawater from the system after use.
All branch connections from the potable water header shall be from the bottom of the header.

4.2 Utility Air and Instrument Air Piping

4.3 Operational Requirements of Instrument Air:
Instrument air supply and distribution piping systems shall be designed in accordance with the
Piping & Valve Material Specification to meet the requirement of miscellaneous instrument items.
Service or utility air systems shall be provided:
 To meet demands of pneumatic tools, pneumatic pumps and air starters.
 For equipment cleaning.
 For backup supply to emergency control system.
 Where indicated by BWO.

Branch connections shall have isolation valves immediately adjacent to air header, and shall be
from the top of the header.
Auto water drain to be provided at low points of piping loops.
4.3.1 Layout Requirements
Utility air stations shall have:
 ¾ inch hose connections complete with ball valve and quick disconnect.
 15m lengths of air hose.

Workshops and designated working areas shall be provided with minimum of two utility air
stations.
4.4 Heating Media Piping
Heating media and steam piping shall be insulated in accordance with Insulation Specification for
Pipework and Vessels (4119-SA-00320251).
Steam piping shall be run to prevent pockets. Condensate shall be collected at low point by use
of steam trap.
Drain point shall be from the bottom of the header and steam take-offs from the top. Steam traps
shall be accessible from deck or platform.
The high operating temperature of this type of piping may require special considerations related
to:
 Expansion

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 Temperature gradients with and without thermal insulation in flanges, gaskets and
bolts
 Bolt pretension loads in flanges
4.5 Fire Water System
4.5.1 Operational Requirements
Sprinkler and water spray system design and arrangement shall be in accordance with NFPA
Standard 13 and NFPA Standard 15 as applicable.
Sizes of distribution mains, laterals and risers shall be calculated to provide required flow rates
and pressures for the highest point in firewater piping system.
Butterfly valves shall not be used as deluge valves.
Lockable deluge isolation valves shall be installed to allow testing of the deluge valve without
deluging equipment.
Each section of piping that can be isolated shall contain high point and low point connections for
flushing and draining each section. A drain or vent shall be located immediately downstream of
the deluge valve.
Branch connections for deluge nozzles shall be attached to distribution header above header pipe
center. No connections shall be permitted on lower portion of the piping.
4.5.2 Firewater Piping Layout
Firewater ring main shall be configured to take advantage of the natural protection afforded by
structural members, buildings and unclassified equipment or vessels.
To benefit from the physical protection and fire protection provided by a flooded deck, firewater
ring mains and laterals on solid decks shall be located below the deck that required firewater
service.
Isolation and by-pass valves serving fire main and laterals shall be accessible from deck level.
Firewater stations shall be:
 Located around perimeter of decks being protected
 Placed to minimize personnel exposure to potential hazards
 Supplied with fire hoses of sufficient length such that hazardous equipment and
classified areas may be served from two stations
 Supplied with monitors where suitable

Carbon steel firewater piping shall be designed in flanged sections to facilitate hot dip
galvanizing.
4.6 Deck Drains
4.6.1 For Deck Drain requirements see:
4119-FD-00318657 Drainage Philosophy

5 Marine Piping
5.1 General
5.1.1 Materials
Pipe, fittings and valves for services specified shall conform to that of the Piping & Valve Material
Specification.
5.1.2 Design Pressures
Operating pressure and design pressure for piping systems shall be determined by BW Offshore
Pte Ltd (BWO) with the Contractors assistance, and shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line
List.

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5.1.3 Design Temperatures

Operating and Design temperatures shall be as specified on the P&ID and/or Line List.
5.1.4 Loads
Piping systems shall be designed for lines filled with water for hydro testing or with air for
pneumatic testing, as applicable.
Piping systems on FPSO’s located in seismically active areas shall be designed to withstand
horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations in addition to gravity and operating loads.
Piping systems on floating facilities shall be designed to meet the motion criteria as defined in the
Structural Design Basis.
Transportation and installation loads shall be considered in the design.
Pipe Stress Analysis Philosophy (4119-FD-00320243) should be referred to for calculation piping
loads.
5.1.5 Isolation Blinds
Permanent Figure of 8 spectacle blinds or spade and spacer shall be provided dividing the piping
as shown on the P&IDs.
5.1.6 Visual Inspection
All pipe spools shall be visually inspected followed by applicable NDT such as RT,UT,MPI etc.
prior to PWHT, as applicable.
5.2 Steam & Condensate Piping
Steam and condensate pipes to be designed to withstand the design internal pressures and
temparatures in accordance with applicable codes and Class rules. In addition they are designed
to take acount of ample expansion and contraction without causing undue strain in pipe.
4119-FD-00320243 - Piping stress analysis should be referred to in calculating piping load and
finalising pipe routing and supports.
Steam pipe penetration through bulkhead and deck shall be designed with allowance for
expansion and minimize the heat transfer to adjacent deck or bulkhead.
Branch off main steam headers shall be from the top of the header to obtain dry steam and avoid
carrying over of condensate.
Each branch line shall have an isolation valve installed near the main header to allow
maintenance work without shutdown of main steam supply.
Condensate piping shall be attached to the lowest point of the equipment serviced and routed to
the steam trap so that condensate will flow by gravity to the trap.
For Steam line, all isolation valves of size 6” and over should have a warming through bypass.
Any Pressure reducing station preferably should not be provided in confined area like Engine
Room, Pump room etc.
5.3 Feed Water Piping System
Feed water pipe between boiler and the required stop valve and screw down check valve,
including these valves, are to be designed for a pressure not less than the smaller of the
following:
 1.25 times the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler
 Maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler plus 15.5 bar (15.8 kgf/ cm sq.,
225 psi)
 In no case is the feed water piping from the feed water pump to the boiler to be
designed to a pressure less than the feed pump relief valve setting or the shut-off
head of the feed pump

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6 Piping Connections
6.1 General
Hydrocarbon piping 2-inch and larger shall be of butt-welded construction.
Except for services described in Section 4.3, pipe sizes 1-1/2 inch and smaller maybe screwed.
Except where instruments may connect, pipe connections shall be ¾ inch minimum.
Thermowells mounted on lines below 4 inch size shall be blown or swage up to 4 inch.
6.2 Butt Weld Connections
6.2.1 Materials
Butt weld fittings for piping shall:
 Conform to ASME B16.9
 Be as specified in the Piping & Valve Material Specification for the particular class of
service intended
6.2.2 Elbows
Mitered elbows:
 Shall not be used in pressurized piping without prior approval of BWO
 May be used in open deck drain systems
 Short radius elbows as per ASME B16.28 shall be used only where space is limited
and with prior approval of BWO
6.2.3 Bevels
Pipe ends for butt-welded of pipe and fittings shall be beveled in accordance with ASME B16.25
and as required by ASME B31.3.
6.3 Socket Weld Connections
6.3.1 General
Unless otherwise approved by BWO, piping 1-1/2 inch or less in diameter shall be socket welded
for the following services:
 Hydrocarbon service above 250°F
 Hydrocarbon service ASME Class 900 and above pressure rating
 Glycol service
 Heating medium fluids
 Lube oil systems

However, for vibration service, socket weld connections are not recommended.
6.4 Flange Connections
6.4.1 Materials
Flanges up to 24 inches for ASME Class 150 – 2500 shall:
 Conform to ASME B16.5
 Be as specified in the Piping and Valve Material Specification for the particular class
of service intended

Flanges 26 inches and larger shall:

 Conform to ASME B16.47 Series A
 Be as specified in the Piping and Valve Material Specification for particular class of
service intended

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At the direction and / or agreement of BWO and Class Society, proprietary end connectors such
as Techlok, Re-Flange, Graylok or Taper Lok may be used to attain weight and space savings as
well as design flexibility.
6.4.2 Flange Faces
Raised face (RF) flanges shall have 125 – 250 AARH smooth finish faces in accordance with
ASME B16.5.
Ring type joint (RTJ) flanges shall have standard grooving in accordance with ASME B16.20.
Flanges mating with flat faced (FF) flanges, such as case steel pump nozzle or Bondstrand
fiberglass flanges shall be flat faced type. A connecting RF flange can be used to mate with a
pumps integral FF flange – Client.
Unless otherwise specified, flange bolt holes shall straddle normal horizontal and vertical
centreline of pipe.
6.4.3 Flange Bolts
Length of stud bolts shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5 plus 6mm.
Bolt threads shall extend 3mm past nuts on both ends when tightened in place.
Bolts and nuts shall be Hot Dip Galvanised.
Refer to Controlled Bolt Torquing and Tensioning Procedure (4119-KA-00320257).
6.4.4 Weld Neck Flanges
Weld neck flanges shall be preferred for all services. Weld neck bore shall match inside diameter
of connecting pipe.
6.4.5 Reducing Flanges
If welded reducers, swage nipples or standard fittings cannot be used, reducing flanges or
flanged fittings may only be used with prior approval of BWO.
6.4.6 Slip-On Flanges
Not to be used on this project.
6.4.7 Flange Blinds
Spectacle blinds, rather than spade-type blinds, shall be used for permanent installation (consider
a max weight limit of 25kg for handling purposes). Thickness of blinds shall be calculated in
accordance with ASME B31.3.
Blind flanges shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5.
Spectacles, blanks and spacers shall be in accordance with API Std. 590 and ASME B31.3.
6.4.8 Flange Gaskets
Insulating flange gasket sets shall be provided to isolate dissimilar materials.
 Piping from pipelines.
 Bridge connected piping between platforms.
 For mating flanges of dissimilar materials (CS to SS).

Full-face gaskets shall be used at flat face flange connections.

Gaskets for RF (Spiral Wound Gasket) and RTJ flanges shall be in accordance with ASME
B16.20.
Flange gaskets shall meet the requirements for the service specified in the Piping & Valve
Material Specification.
6.4.9 Earthing
A proper earthing to be provided between two connecting flanges where it is necessary to do so.

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6.5 Threaded Connections

6.5.1 Materials
Swage and pipe nipples shall be in accordance with piping material specifications for the class of
service stated in Piping & Valve Material Specification.
Forged steel screwed fittings shall:
 Conform to ASME B16.11.
 Be in accordance with individual pipe specifications for the class service stated in
Piping & Valve Material Specification.

Pipe nipples that support gauges, valves or other devices shall be schedule 160 minimum.
Square head plugs, threaded bushings, close thread (all-thread) pipe nipples and street ells shall
not be used.
Swage nipples shall be used instead of threaded bushings.
Threaded pipe connections shall have standard pipe taper threads in accordance with ASME
B1.20.1.
6.5.2 Unions
Screwed piping shall incorporate unions for ease of removal of equipment.
Unions shall:
 Be located on the low pressure side of block valves.
 Not be installed between a pressure vessel and the first block valve.
 Not be used in hydrocarbon services.

6.5.3 Vibration
Threaded piping shall be minimized in hydrocarbon services.
Nipples, regardless of length, connected to a reciprocating pump or other equipment and piping
where vibration is anticipated shall be securely braced.
Piping 1 inch and less shall have adequate support.
Pipe racks with widely spaced pipe rack supports shall incorporate intermediate supports.
Threaded piping is not recommended in vibration services.

7 Inspection and Testing

Refer 4119-SA-00320245 Specification for the Examination of Piping and Structural Weld Joints
Refer 4119-SA-00320245 Specification for Pressure testing and Flushing of Pipes

8 Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&IDS)

8.1 Drawing Layout
P&IDs shall be arranged in a neat and logical manner with piping shown in most direct and
efficient layout. The following shall be adhered to as closely as practical.
P&IDs shall reflect the general process flow left to right on each sheet with the sheets in
sequential order.
Process flow and various inter-connections of pipe shall represent the physical layout of the
process system as closely as practical.
Initial layout of process vessels and equipment shall provide adequate space to add instruments,
controls and accessories as required.

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Drawings shall be kept legible and easy to interpret without resorting to miniature fonts to show
necessary information.
Adequate space shall be provided for transferring equipment information to P&IDs.
Equipment design data shall be collected as early as practical for inclusion in the drawings
consistent with the P&ID legend and drafting practices.
Boundary edges for skid mounted vessels and equipment shall be shown with process and utility
connections shown terminating at the skid edge with the flange or pipe connection size indicated.
Process lines carrying associated gases and vapors shall be arranged across the top of the
process vessels and equipment or at top of sheet, to include vent, relief and blowdown lines.
Process lines handling liquids and two-phase flow shall be shown below the process vessels and
equipment, or at bottom of sheet.
Adequate space across the top of the sheet shall be reserved for inserting equipment and vessel
title blocks and descriptions.
Process lines / instrument loop interconnections carried forward or backward to the next sheet
shall carry line continuation blocks.
Process lines not having a connection to a process vessel, equipment or other process line shall:
 Not be shown on the drawing.
 Be identified on the previous sheet with a line continuation block identifying the
sheet number to which the line will be continued on.

Line continuation block shall be shaped to indicate the direction of flow.

Finalized P&IDs shall be such quality as to permit shot-down reproductions to A3 size
Figure of 8 spectacle blinds shall be shown on P&IDs at flanged locations dividing hydrotest
systems for permanent reference.
P &ID shall indicate Spec break clearly, wherever applicable.

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