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Secondary
“Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.” Association for the Advancement of Creative
Musicians (1965– ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed, www.blackpast.org/aah/association-
advancement-creative-musicians-1965.
This source gave a couple paragraphs of information that gave information that touched on all parts of
the organization. It was a purely objective look on the AACM, and what it was, and still is.

“Free Jazz.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/free%20jazz.

Though the information wasn't very much, this site gave a very concrete definition of what Free Jazz
is. It had no extra frills to distract from the information, and it was very to-the-point.

“Home.” AACM Chicago, AACM, www.aacmchicago.org/.

The original AACM website, with links to all of their recent, and modern endeavors. It gave
information on how much they've changed throughout the years.

KENNEY, William Howland. Chicago Jazz: a Cultural History, 1904-1930. Oxford University Press, 1993.
The book provided a very extensive overview of Jazz from the time periods sited above. The book
gave information on Jazz of all sorts, from all over Chicago, and then what the music meant for that
group of people.

Kenny, William H. “Jazz.” Jazz, 1993, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/665.html.

A small article about Jazz in the early 1900s. It gave detail about what jazz was like, during that time,
and then related the AACM to the previously described events. Gave reasons why the AACM was
formed, and what it did for Chicago.

Lewis, George E. A Power Stronger than Itself: the AACM and American Experimental Music. University of
Chicago Press, 2009.
Resources that directly addressed the AACM we hard to come by, though, this book was very
meticulous, and very detailed about every single one of the AACM's experiments. It also gave
background information about what Jazz was before.

Radano, Ronald M. “Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.” Association for the
Advancement of Creative Musicians, 1993, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/17.html.
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A short, but surprisingly in-depth article on the AACM. Provided an overview of the corporation, and
what it represented.

Reich, Howard. “AACM Celebrates a Golden Anniversary.” Chicagotribune.com, 27 Feb. 2015,

www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/reich/ct-aacm-essay-20150227-column.html.

A secondary source that gave information on how the AACM started out. It also provided an overview
of what the AACM had first intended to do.

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians.”
Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 July 1998,
www.britannica.com/topic/Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Creative-Musicians.
This source was a good overview. Though it didn't go into too much detail, it still had some
information that couldn't be found on other websites.

“What Is Jazz?” Jazz in America, www.jazzinamerica.org/LessonPlan/5/1/250.

This website was extremely in-depth about all sorts of Jazz. It had information on all the little bits that
went into each style of Jazz. It gave information on what started Jazz, as well.

Primary
Black Belt, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/140.html.

Though this image isn't directly tied to the AACM, it still shows a part of Chicago where a lot of the
Jazz clubs existed. The Black Belt of Chicago was a big part of Jazz maturing.

Blue Note Jazz Club c. 1950. 2005, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11148.html.

This image showed me JUST how popular Jazz and Jazz clubs were, at the time. It depicts multiple
people waiting to get into an obviously crowed Jazz club, that seems to be all lit-up, and showy.

Chicago's Prairie Avenue Elite in 1886, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1767.html.

This image is a map depicting a part of the South Side of Chicago in earlier years. So, the map shows
what it was, before all of the Jazz clubs were opened.

Conzen, Michael P. Blues/Jazz Clubs in Chicago. 2005,

www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1764.html.
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This is a map of all of the Blues and Jazz clubs in Chicago. This map depicts the number of Jazz clubs
in Chicago, over three time periods. It is clearly defined that the number of Jazz clubs greatly
increases around the time of the AACM's creation.

Third Annual Charlie Parker Memorial Jazz Concert, 1957. Chicago Historical Society, 2005,
www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/11218.html.
This is a poster advertising a Jazz concert. It is a simple poster, with very friendly words, which would
suggest that the concert is relaxed, and very inclusive.