Scribd Logo
Carica

Benvenuto in Scribd!

  • Classical To Early Medieval 6, Rome-Constantinople, Stalley 3

    Caricato da

    therenam825
    10 visualizzazioni11 pagine
    Classical to Early Medieval Art, Rome to Constantinople

    Titolo originale

    Classical to Early Medieval 6, Rome-Constantinople, Stalley 3

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formati disponibili

    PDF o leggi online da Scribd

    Hai trovato utile questo documento?

    Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

    Segnala questo documento
    Classical to Early Medieval Art, Rome to Constantinople

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    10 visualizzazioni11 pagine

    Classical To Early Medieval 6, Rome-Constantinople, Stalley 3

    Caricato da

    therenam825
    Classical to Early Medieval Art, Rome to Constantinople

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    di 11
    Symbolic Architecture Lang buildings orcongregational worship werent the onlarchitc tural regirementso he erly Church Bapim vasa important ce Say ein ts iy which aly tek pl Bw separate iding, oral a separate oom, In ation, fll nnn fiery trons, pve mason were equi y aust aod powefl member ofthe Christian community ‘Then there wat the dese to proven the meroey of aint and martyr through the ‘onstruction af monuments which would lori theiracievementy ‘las of ulding gener known a mara. What unites these di ferent eategorierbaptneres, mao, na mary ‘wee slmor invariably centrale in deg in other soos rence eratel «ental verted ai Siglo gemmeteea Ferman, cls, octagon, cos shapes anda warty of ply sgons—were all exploited to produce designs which were remashable Feetheirvisaimpactandsubtey The forms adopted foreach ype of bling ere not dice them were ocasons when viral the sume lye was employed foreach ofthe thee eaten, dente thse dierent functions “The geomerrical purty of ertrzed buildings made them pari bly since to symbolic iterpretaton, As the medieval word regard almost every = ‘rl for were ven noite with speci Cision bi In ‘aay cases the ynbolic mening ofthe structure, in fet ona faphy, proved to be more important than it wiitarian function, — Unnveling the yes of meaning in medieval architerrre ha prove 1 compler proces: seainge were ac iunutale, andy nx modern Scholarship has emphasized, interpretation could dir acoeing 0 ‘hesitation of th onkooke. Ththe ely Church bupim war ull adminitered bythe local bishop at Estero Pentecot, the catechumen normally bengal co. Within the bapistery. the ceremony tok place sound re cing, seria the loo, with two or thee step allowing access dove eto the ‘rate (29). Once canted ben immersed, they were anointed Ind ecived white robot ignyenty into anew pred Most, tupisteries wore aie atnghtormad buns, sometimes square rcclarin plan, tog by the ith century the most popula ‘ape mst octagon, Insome ass altering rectangularan sei ‘ica niches opened of the central pace, as at Lome, ote fof Mila [30] ehewiere che octagon was incorporated into a square, | ‘with niches sito the For anges. This wa the ease at rj, outers rane, whet cight grmitecolamon define he intricate ‘ctgom above which ail drum and adore. The more abo fate nterons were furnished with Mind acades and engaged ean, shin the Ortodor baptistery at Ravean, Some bapistsis were ‘ore ambitious indesign, employing a doube-shell strstr, with Jnterioecolonaade Such wa the care tthe Lateran in Roe, where the bupistery bad an octagonal cove defined by eight featndng, «alu Perhaps the ies bpestery stat at Nocera cast of Naples, Inher there ight inner ings mae up of pied ou 29} ‘Thisbelong tthe sth centr, and ike most pssst wasn cvedby dame "The provision of lage water basin within avaited chamber ba led scholars to ase thatthe Christin bapisery was ape rs the Meiteranean bith hous, While thee are certainly pale, there are equalysueng inks with fincrryardtetre. Phir may sound sping morbid, bu is inporat to emer hat da ing the te of bapa candidate expetinced what wi feared a ‘mystical dest, Being born again in Crist. St Pal inhi eching ‘equated baptism with Christ's death an reuestion, ain that was Inadeexplicwhea the ceremony was il at Eater ei ot ial toseewly the ctagon boca a ivourte shape, Bightwaranyebolot ‘myeneation-theworldartedon he eighth day of Creation —andit sesaluossymbol of seein, for Cheese oe the dad on the "th dy ofthe Pasion. St Arsbiose and oes Eaely Chistian fi ‘hers crphasin tha, pital regeneration, bpm was repr tented by the numer eight. Bue the symbaiom of haps ‘tended beyond mere numerology. The bain of wate ae enclosed ty tbocion’orcanopy sat Nocera, was interpreted asthe Fountain of Lifes Phe meaning’ made very dean a Caraingian gospel book, In whiha bapa ater basi, sounded by Sight hin alumni sieved by the anials of Pradie[28) Hese was an allusion to he are wit of he ver oF, which in Chitin aching sete Uvith the blood that Chr sad o the eos. "The syn of bap tim oerited at many levels, which inthe mins of onlnkers were ‘weet the architetue and dvortion ofthe bapistery el. “These a hemy convention of bapiteris in northern Tea where they are snow variably ble of bck. The distribution ex Tens long the mouth coast of Face nals into Dalai, North of the Alpe bapisteris are ae and its caro that fe ace o have boca eect the sever and eighth entre, when mae cone” lone were taking ple among the Germanic peoples of the noch, eshte numbers weston reat and ine to shot As infu bap ‘i gray became the nwt, separate baptteres were sandoned nl place fonts et up inthe nae ofthe church, One i elas mated or explo the plan of St Cal (ye) (123) ein cies, howe clang toch talon of separate bung, ad the towns Florence, Psa, Cremona and Pisa ble monumental examples i the deveath and telth cena, These wee fr gander ha any ‘hing regi bythe ste of Lupo, «pont which undertnes the strength of religious and histo eration ver the pata ele iments of they. “Turning to Chrtan mavsoles, the oustanding example in Rome is the church of Santa Costanza, bult for Constantine daughtey, ‘Constantina (ed apparently on the site of an ear bapeseery. Originally attached to the church of Sun Agnes, twas devgned on ‘concentric rnp, withthe central civ pace being surousded tyra colonnade,fllowed by an ambulatory, and, utd the main vl, «cla portico (ee later now destroyed (32)- The co ade, fxmed of pire of Corinthian clunny, has an exteoninary Signing ikea group of mourners moving ina dg, crear roces- Sion [a1 iste cltestory windows throw Fight into the cen ‘pace whichis corre by hemisphere deme. Ahoug cular in an, the tiling inches sue alsin to the Crom the aches on the four canna pints are ighly wider tan the others and they orrespoa opts et within the outer wal, Conan pend lye tomy which stood under the aster ac, is now inthe \ Vascar eamcum (0 copy remain in the church), While Sante (Contin wa a Christian ing, design omed nach othe wd ion of Roman perl masoe,noest the eombinaton ofthe ci ‘le and the dome. Beeween the fourth and sixth cet, sim tmanola, though usly much smaller in seal were al to the aks of Ol St Peter ander great cemetery churches of Rome ‘Two well preserved mason at Raven istate the vatey of centralized fos that were pen to Chis patos. One wast About 424 (perhap ily ara chpl rather than a masala, Gall Plt, ssterofthe emperor Honoris. Contre beside the shurchof Santa Croce, sarhitetua terete rather overshadowed by the fame ofits monic devotion Its of ck, with ceed ‘owes, adits plan's that of Grck rs, Vry diferent in desig s the mausoleum of Theodore, the Ostogotic king who di in 6, ‘Constracted f ale masonry, usual n Ravenna ie atwo-torey struct, with 3 tended tae supporting pineal drum (33) ‘The exer ofthe epider was orgnallyfarnthed with clones and arches, making it somewhat ee doa than it appears Te ‘loony lover chamber har coor-shaped pln, he the tore above ‘scrub. The monumeatseleratel Fr domed oct out ot single Hocoflstianlimestone, fet acess a ourdefoin ens of ‘quanyng, crag, and eorotion. The peed spur round he roof were pressmabl intended okepin ing the stone thoughts ion that hey wert neverskaed off: Although the gener shape ‘easier mausolen of an ear age certain details ofthe desi, inching aged wousnirs andthe uso tone ater then bic sex the ilrement of craftsmen fom the Eas. Ite woth noting thatthe mausoen of Contain, Gal Placa, and Theadorc were planned, sespectely, on the bss of concentric ils, an egal ftmed cos and ile within a decagon, geome range which iGreranindiaionof the divert offen architecture in the Easy (Chetan world. Closely relate i desig were the maria, churches designed to commemorate the burial places of seta mare to shelter thee relics and to honour plies sociated with he ie of Cri. During the four entry concerns forthe memory of thve who had been led or executed for thei ih ale the new chit cont dence of dhe Chusch, meant that marys begat appa many part of te empire. At Bethichem an octagon attached oa bse, ‘easier the grotto which marked the sit ofthe Nativity and in shout another octagon enowm the bom) wos ested onthe Mount of Oves fom where Chis scendd into Heaven, This a an inne dur coe, suppted on 16 calamas, encrling the foo Dnt of Chis, the Iter mincuouly preserved ater more than thre entries "The most sacred margin of al howe, hat truced over the tomb Chis, the Holy Spur in Jerse ‘The constuction af church on di site was no easy tale The oc «tomb hy buved under a Roman empl, which ft had robe de ‘moliched tak begun in 35.00 the onder of Constantine. Fo some Sime the tomb waft the open, coneed ony bya balding, bt leeween 5nd 380 8 was enveloped by ange centralize building, ow asthe Anasasis Rotunda (nazis eng the Grek word fo resurection ‘Unorenatly ony Fagen ofthis orginal ding sie. vex uri hy dhe Peratan King Contes Pri ad then 109) the Arab ruler Caliph AI Hakim made ptenaticaempt denol inhi, Reconstructed og under the drston ofthe Byantine em poe Constantine Monomachus, the Rou war again rage hy fire in 88. Despite his bled his descriptions by easy ie gi misllaneous daving and steal accumulating ody ofa ‘hicelogcal evidence have allowed scholars to estan the oad ‘utes of the bung 25 appeared in 0 and after rr the ‘hurt was mich copied nthe Wet during text Mile Ages it Inimporante dating ther inp ofits cts hi “The Rownda was designed a2 double-shll constriction, wth an ‘outer polygonal walland an ine rade suppocteon pier and aches [4] The central spc, erlosng the tomb as ussuounded yan aie a ‘ter omy, ambulatory. There were 20 support inal pea ears, the Taner rer feeigh Tope were placed togetber ca he four main 235 which gave the impression to she vtrs thot they foe & Sold Sctch wal with an opening inthe sent. Benen the twin Pics came the cols aranged in group ofthe. The symbolism ipl the rs cohnas mit hae been deiserateanditwancertily ot ns on nee genrstions of pilgrims. The inne ig supported 2 ‘wooden of conc in shape, apparently wih ole ro ia the ete provide acne link between the tomb andthe sven. The ‘ute valof the sbultory included de apa projetons, ped ‘nthe northeen, western, and other ides, ponding ser al son tothe Cros as at Santa Costanzs,On the easter ide the amb latory was interes port wich communseatd ety ith ‘hecental space ofthe Rotunda, Thepuriceopenal ato scouryar, the south-east comer of whch the Rocko Calvary Subst modiintiom were induced t0 the design ofthe Ropu when irae econ ner Constantine Monarchs ino. Phe main clamna were ediced hal hi orgina height ‘nd agallery was insted above the ambulatory. Bath the xulstony snd the gllery were valed in stone. The portico wie eplaced by + Thug apse whichorsiel removed when the cuch war extend by ‘he Crusades in the nel centry The present contion of the Anastass Rounds, patched and ead ovr the years ery di apinting giving Fe inication of re balling tha pected the (Ceuader when thy ative in Jensen 1099, "Theres general agresmentamiongcholr that he design ofa ‘ya owed sch to Roman massoles, The cer Fo, the presence of ices inthe wall nd the maboary done canal be enced to ths source Ina finery context the cle auggstd bth pereton ard ‘eri, while the shape of hemispherical dome evoked though of ‘hecosten. As marty wee the males o th xn it ws at tal for Chistian chicos to exploit these wellestablished ta ins Oe eed oases nasoen Were frre an sore places they developed rt quas-templeswhish provided. ‘locusfarte alte deceased empeoe The icrthit some of these ‘hraa were asacted with the enemies of the Church didnot seem > snater Honialy the hoge domed male at Split, bul for the ‘mparor Dicleta, a pereotor of Christians, ha often been com ped wih Chrstian arte. Buc the achitetere ofthe Christan building ee ofr wider range of sures, paral in these of “doubler” dein with interior colonnades and esl thee invite comprston with pce acitectur, garten bling and the srtatbath houses, nithe tha wth the radtonal mausoleum, ‘usally complex its oomety the chute of Sam Lavezain Misr, builabout zy. By shisine Min had become one othe pe puis of the enpizeande produce ancaiing arty of Chitin buildings. San Locena, which was founded oad the wall ofthe

    Potrebbero piacerti anche