Immigration

The American history of regulating the immigration from various nations dates back in 1860s to the late
20th century. Between 1860s to 20th century over 50 million immigrants entered America1. These
immigrants hailed from the eastern and southern Europe as compared to those from the northern
Europe. The immigrants had different religious, cultural, and ethnic differences. Due to the increased
immigration during the 1860s to 20th century there are impacts that the immigrants introduced to the
United States. The immigration contributed to several social, political and economic processes that are
very foundational to United States. These impacts include increased in demographic status and
Competition for labor among various organizations of the United States. The increased labor led to the
increased in economic growth of the United States. Immigration led to increase in competition for the
jobs between the American citizens and the immigrants.2 Job competition was characterized by greater
individual skills and experience among the immigrants. However, increased job competition became a
key challenge for the American who views the immigrants as a threat to their career and economy.
Moreover, the immigration into United States during the 1860s and 20th century led to the emergence
of new cultures due to intermarriages and increased cultural interactions between the American citizens
and the immigrants. For example, the Americans and the southern Europeans intermarried. However,
more significantly, the 1860s immigration led to severe conflicts between the American and the
immigrants. The Americans considered the immigrants as illiterate individuals who would only be
employed in the American farms and homesteads. As a result, the immigrants were subjected to many
working hours with low wages. Based on this the immigrants reacted through forming resistant groups
to advocate for their rights that were severely opposed through brutal killings. As a result, the hostility
of the Americans to the immigrants increased in in the early 20th century with increased cases of anti-
Semitism and racial ideology. Evidently, the immigration of 1860s led to severe conflicts in the United
States that continues to be witnessed in the 21st century3. Immigrants have played major role in the
transition of the American society to the urban business economy in the early 20th century. During the
19th century the foreigners from Scandinavia and Germany helped in settling the America’s frontier as
Irish and other immigrants served as main source of labor. The increased labor led to establishment of
better infrastructure and education system for the United States. Consequently, the immigrants
improved the union forces of the United States during the emergence of civil wars. The 1860s
immigration saw America employ many immigrants to the union forces to increase its boundary and
security .consequently there was a rapid expansion of the industrial economy. However, based on
higher immigration rate into the United States the immigration laws were introduced. The immigration

1
Abramitzky, Ran, and Leah Boustan. "Immigration in American economic history." Journal of Economic
Literature 55, no. 4 (2017): 1311-45.

2
Nunn, Nathan, Nancy Qian, and Sandra Sequeira. "Migrants and the Making of America: The Short and
Long Run Effects of Immigration During the Age of Mass Migration." (2017).

3
Abramitzky, Ran, and Leah Boustan. "Immigration in American economic history." Journal of Economic
Literature 55, no. 4 (2017): 1311-45.
laws aim at reducing the immigration to American. Moreover, the immigration laws are essential in
reducing the industrial competition between America and other nations such as Germany. The
immigration laws significantly prohibited some immigrants from distinct nations such as china from
migrating to America. Some of these immigration laws include the immigration restriction league (MRL)
that advocates for effective literacy tests in slowing the higher tides of immigration. The established of
Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 served as the key step towards the closed society. As a result, the act
altered the immigration of Chinese into America. Consequently, the 1965 amendment of the
immigration and the nationally act (Hart-Cellar act) became a major surprise to many experts and policy
makers on immigration issues.4 The act repealed the national immigration quotas that were
discriminatory to the children of the southern and eastern European immigrants. The immigration laws
significantly controlled the emergence of illegal immigration and increased sources of conflicts between
the immigrants and the Americans. The effective application of the immigration laws led to the
deployment of backlash immigration in the United States. The backlash immigration determines how
race changes the American politics. The white backlash considers immigration as the sources for
competitive politics in the United States. With the increased resistance from the immigrants there
emerge effective political groups among the foreigners advocating for fair treatment.as a result, there
emerge political competition between the immigrants and the Americans. However, the immigration
affected the political traits of the non-immigrants through the direct geo-social exposure to the
foreigners in their remote areas and through direct exposure on various medial. Based on the average
measures of the socio-economic achievements, intermarriages, and the residential locations, the
immigrants have currently been assimilated into the American society. Despite the period of higher
mass immigration coming to an end during the 1920s, the immigrants were responsible for the growth
and development of the current popular America culture and prosperity. However, the current legal
immigration to America has significantly fluctuated as compared to the early 1860s.currently the united
states has embarked on effective control of the legal immigration to stop the clandestine immigration.
Therefore, the current immigration system into the United States emerged from the effects of the 1860s
immigration.

4
Nunn, Nathan, Nancy Qian, and Sandra Sequeira. "Migrants and the Making of America: The Short and
Long Run Effects of Immigration During the Age of Mass Migration." (2017).
 Bibliography

Abramitzky, Ran, and Leah Boustan. "Immigration in American economic history." Journal of Economic
Literature 55, no. 4 (2017): 1311-45.

Nunn, Nathan, Nancy Qian, and Sandra Sequeira. "Migrants and the Making of America: The Short and
Long Run Effects of Immigration During the Age of Mass Migration." (2017).