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Calculation 3B (Maximum allowable stem torque in Circular section with opposite flattened
side)
Valve MAST = Min (MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4)
Valve MAST shall be the lowest value maximum allowable torque in drive train component i.e MC1,
MC2, MC3 & MC4
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As an engineer we always ensure reliability and integrity of actuator and its components.
However as far as stem components are concerned we either give little attention to mechanical
integrity of stem or sometimes we leave it to valve vendor and assume
If stem key of an ESDV is failed OR damaged in open position……. What can happen …?
It will not close when there is a close command and this may lead to disastrous situation …
During valve operation, torque delivered by actuator (Pneumatic or electric) at any stage, should not
exceed MAST value. If it happens stem may be subjected to mechanical failure.
In some projects it has happened that MAST value calculated by valve vendor was higher than actual,
even than it resulted in failure of stem.
This is valve manufactures responsibility to calculate and provide valve MAST during engineering
stage and ensure torque delivered by actuator is always less than the valve MAST.
During offer stage valve MAST furnished in performance table shall be considered as basic value.
During engineering stage ideally 3-4 weeks after PO, Valve manufacture must submit Valve MAST
calculation same shall be reviewed and approved by responsible engineer. Requirement of valve
MAST calculation shall be indicated in SDRL
To study the concept of MAST, first we need to know few of the valve internals and the stresses
developed during the valve operation.
2. Stem key: Keys are used to transmit torque from actuator to stem
3. Ball & Stem joint (there are two types of Ball & Stem joint)
b) Ball & stem spliced joint –rectangular section of stem fits into matching groove in the Ball- Type B
Ball valve design – Round (solid) bar Stem with Ball connection using drive / dowel pin (Type A)
Ball valve design – Round (solid) bar Stem with rectangular cross section at the end of stem for
connection with Ball Spliced joint (Type B)
Actuator Coupling
Actuator Coupling
Dowel /drive pin Joint or spliced joint- torsional shear stress+ bearing stress
Forces are generated at the contact surface between the member and the connecting element.
Consequently stresses are produced on the common contact surface (bearing surface).
a) Ball valve with solid circular stem & connection to ball by dowel pins – (Type A).
b) Ball valve with solid circular stem & rectangular cross-section at the end of stem for connection to
ball-(Type B)
(Valve / Actuator mounting bracket design ISO 5211 and stress calculation Not covered in this
presentation).
d) This guide is limited to maximum allowed torque calculation for valve stem & its components only.
e)The torsional and shear stress limits used for calculation of maximum allowable torques are based on
ASME code Section VIII, Div2, Part AD-132 and same is in line with section 7.20.2 (Allowable
stresses) of API 6D.
f) Yield strength (YS)- “ THE ABILITY OF METAL TO TOLERATE THE STRESS WITHOUT
PERMANENT DEFORMATION ” The Yield strength (YS) used in calculation must be as stated in
ASTM for the corresponding material and grade. Engineering unit – N/m2 or Mpa.
Based on Material of construction (MOC) of stem , Stem key & dowel pins the maximum allowed
stress on each individual components are calculated ( Reference ASME code Section VIII, Div2, Part
AD-132 & ASME code Section II, Part D,Ed2010)
The values of maximum allowed stress are then used to calculate maximum allowable torque based on
shape & size of each components (formulas used for calculation of maximum allowable torque is
based on normal formulas of physics)
Sm (Design stress intensity value) = 2/3*YS (ASME code Section II, Part D,Ed2010)
Maximum allowable torsional shear stress on stem = 0.8 *(Sm)=0.53*YS (YS= Yield strength of
Stem MOC, N/mm^2- Available in ASTM for selected grade)
Maximum allowable Avg. primary shear stress on stem key & Dowels = 0.6 *Sm=0.4*YS (YS=
Yield strength of Stem key MOC, N/mm^2 Available in ASTM for selected grade)
This portion of calculation can be alternatively done based on Polar movement of inertia or any
other method, same needs to be reviewed case by case basis.
Calculation 3B (Maximum allowable stem torque in Circular section with opposite flattened
side)
Calculation 4 (Maximum allowable torque on Stem keys)
Where, a = width key
L = length key
n = number key
r = stem radius
b = groove key
Where a, L, r, b in mm and Mc in Nm
Valve MAST shall be the lowest value maximum allowable torque in drive train component i.e MC1,
MC2, MC3 & MC4
Calculation for Stem design with Ball joint using Dowel pins
d= dowel diameter, mm
SPd = [(SL/(dv*Ldv/2))/Ns]
SPd< YS of dowels
This is valve manufactures responsibility to calculate and provide valve MAST during engineering
stage and ensure torque delivered by actuator is always less than the valve MAST.
More read
Piping Stress Critical Linelist: Format and Use, Responsibilities and Method of
Operation
One comment
1.
krushnakant
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