Lecture 17 Objectives:

Work and Kinetic Energy theorem II,

Work, Power and KE
1. Solve problems using work-kinetic energy theorem
2. Relate work, power and kinetic energy.
Sample Problem: A skier moving a 8.00m/s encounters
a long, rough horizontal patch of snow having a
coefficient of friction 0.300 with her skids. How far
does she travel on this patch before stopping?
Given: μk=0.300
v1 = 8.00m/s
v2 = 0 (stop)
Required: distance d
Using the work kinetic energy theorem:
1 2
1
𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
Total work done on the skier -> work due to frictional force
(which is negative, opposite direction of force, displacement)
1 2
1
(𝜇𝑘 𝑁)𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠(180) = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
1 2
1
−𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑑 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
Using algebra and substituting the given values:
2
𝑣1
𝑑= = 𝟏𝟏𝒎
2𝜇𝑘 𝑔 3
Sample Problem: Motion with varying force
An air-track glider of mass 0.100kg is attached to the end of a
horizontal air track by a spring with force constant 20.0N/m.
Initially the spring is unstretched and the glider is moving at
1.50m/s to the right. Find the maximum distance d that the
glider moves to the right (a) if the air track is turned on so that
there is no friction and (b) if the air is turned off so that there is
kinetic friction with coefficient μk = 0.47.

Given:
m = 0.100kg
F = 20.0N/m
v1 = 1.50m/s
Required:
(a)d (without friction)
4
(b)d with friction µk = 0.47
5
CASE 1: No friction
As the glider moves from x1 = 0 to x2 = d, it does work on the spring:
1 1 1 1 1
𝑊𝑔/𝑠 = 𝑘𝑥22 − 𝑘𝑥12 = 𝑘𝑑2 − 𝑘 2
0 = 𝑘𝑑2 .
2 2 2 2 2
The amount of work the spring does on the glider is
1 2
𝑊 = −𝑊𝑔/𝑠 = − 𝑘𝑑
2
Using the work-kinetic energy theorem:
1 1
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2
2 2
1 2 1
− 𝑘𝑑 = 0 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
Solving for d and substituting the given values:
𝑚 1.50𝑚 0.100𝑘𝑔
𝑑 = 𝑣1 = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝒎
𝑘 𝑠 20.0𝑁/𝑚
6
 CASE 2: with friction
The magnitude of the kinetic frictional force is:
𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑛 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔

Therefore, work by friction is: 𝑊𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐 = −𝑓𝑘 𝑑 = −𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑑

The total amount of work (friction & spring) on the glider :

1 2
𝑊𝑇 = −𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑑 − 𝑘𝑑
2

Using the work kinetic energy theorem:

1 1
𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2
2 2
1 2 1
−𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑑 − 𝑘𝑑 = 0 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2 7
Substituting the values:
1 2 1
−𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔𝑑 − 𝑘𝑑 = 0 − 𝑚𝑣12
2 2
1 1
− 0.47 0.100𝑘𝑔 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑑 − 20.0𝑁/𝑚 𝑑 2 = − (0.100𝑘𝑔)(1.50𝑚/𝑠)2
2 2

This can be formed into a quadratic equation:

10.0𝑁 2
𝑑 + 0.461𝑁 𝑑 − 0.113𝑁𝑚 = 0
𝑚

Which has the solution:

−(0.461𝑁) ± (0.461𝑁)2 −4(10.0𝑁/𝑚)(−0.113𝑁𝑚)
𝑑=
2(10.0𝑁/𝑚)
𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟔𝒎 𝑜𝑟 − 0.132𝑚

We choose 0.086m because we use d as a positive displacement

(-0.132m does not exist)
With friction, the glider travels with less distance as expected.  8
Given: 𝒗𝒚 = 𝒗𝟎𝒚 − 𝒈𝒕
Weight = 20N
y = 15.0m 𝟏 𝟐
vy(y = 15.0m) = 25.0m/s 𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒗𝟎𝒚 𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕
𝟐
y0 = 0
𝒗𝟐𝒚 = 𝒗𝟐𝟎𝒚 − 𝟐𝒈 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟎
Required:
(a)v0y 𝒗𝟎𝒚 + 𝒗𝒚
𝒚 = 𝒚𝟎 + 𝒕
(b)ymax or h 𝟐
9
Work-kinetic energy equations at s = 15.0m:
𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑊𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 = −𝑚𝑔𝑠 𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖
1 1
−𝑚𝑔𝑠 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12 2
2 2
Solve for v1 and substitute the given values:

𝑣1 = 𝑣22 + 2𝑔𝑕 = 25𝑚/𝑠 2 + 2(9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 ) 15.0𝑚 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎 𝒔

Same work-kinetic energy equations will be used to solve for h:

𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝑊𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 = −𝑚𝑔𝑕 𝑊𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖
1 1
−𝑚𝑔𝑕 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣12
2
2 2
Solve for h and substitute the given values:
1 2 2
1 2
𝑕= 𝑣1 − 𝑣2 = 30.3𝑚/𝑠 − 02 = 𝟒𝟔. 𝟖𝒎
2𝑔 2 9.8𝑚/𝑠2 10
Power is the rate of change in energy per unit time.
For our case, the change in energy is work.
∆𝐸 𝑊
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡

Work (change in energy) is given by: 𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑥

If the rate of change is solved,
𝑑𝑊
𝑃= =𝐹∙𝑣
𝑑𝑡
SI unit of power is watt (W)
1 W = 1 J/s
11
A power climb
A 50.0-kg marathon runner runs up the stairs to the top
of Chicago’s 443-m tall Sears Tower. To lift herself to top
the in 15.0 minutes, what must be her average power
output?

Given:
m = 50.0kg
H = 443m
∆𝒕 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐬

∆𝐸 𝑊
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
12
Work is equal to lifting a mass m against gravity (weight)
multiplied by height h:
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔𝑕 = (50.0𝑘𝑔)(9.80𝑚/𝑠 2 )(443𝑚)
𝑊 = 2.17𝑥105 𝐽
The time is 15.0 min = 900s, so the average power is:
∆𝐸 𝑊 2.17𝑥105 𝐽
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = = = = 241𝑊 𝑜𝑟 0.323𝑕𝑝
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 900𝑠
Another solution:
Calculating the average vertical component of velocity
443𝑚
𝑣𝑎𝑣 = = 0.492𝑚/𝑠
900𝑠
Therefore the average power is:
𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 𝐹∥ 𝑣𝑎𝑣 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑣
𝑃𝑎𝑣 = 500𝑘𝑔 9.80𝑚/𝑠 2 0.492𝑚/𝑠 = 241𝑊 𝑜𝑟 0.323𝑕𝑝 13
Summary:
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝑾𝑻𝒐𝒕 = 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝟐𝒊
𝟐 𝟐
Power is the rate of change in energy per unit time.
∆𝐸 𝑊
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒 = =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
If rate of energy flow is not constant:
𝑑𝑊
𝑃= = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑣 (instantaneous)
𝑑𝑡
Recit 7 (Friday)
1) work (constant and varying F)
2) work-kinetic energy theorem
3) work in F(x) graph
4) Power

15
Homework Answers

16
Homework

17
(1) Calculate work done on the spring
(2) Calculate v2; velocity when it returns to
uncompressed state
Given:
k = 40.0N/cm = 4000N/m m = 70.0kg
X = 0.375 v1 = 0
W = ½ kX2 Wtot = K2-K1 18
(3)