Batangas State University

ARASOF Nasugbu Campus

Nasugbu, Batangas

College of Industrial Technology

 Prepared by:
Jellyn M. Conchas

BIT-CPET III

Prepared for:
Mr. Gregorio Apacible

Professor
• Bienvenido N. Santos
• Carlos P. Romulo
• Nick Joacquin
• Jose Garcia Villa
• Francisco Arcellana
Bienvenido N. Santos

Bienvenido N. Santos (1911-1996) is a Filipino-American fictionist, poet and nonfiction

writer. He was born and raised in Tondo, Manila. His family roots are originally from Lubao,
Pampanga, Philippines. He lived in the United States for many years where he is widely
credited as a pioneering Asian-American writer.
Biography

Santos received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of the Philippines where he
first studied creative writing under the tutelage of pioneering fictionist Paz Marquez Benitez.
Santos was a government pensionado (scholar) to the United States at the University of
Illinois, Columbia University, and Harvard University in 1941. During World War II, he
served with the Philippine government in exile under President Manuel L. Quezon in
Washington, D.C. together with the playwright Severino Montano and Philippine National
Artist Jose Garcia Villa.

In 1946, he returned to the Philippines to become a teacher and university administrator. He

received a Rockefeller fellowship at the Writers Workshop of the University of Iowa where he
later taught as a Fulbright exchange professor. Santos has also received a Guggenheim
Foundation fellowship, a Republic Cultural Heritage Award in Literature as well as several
Palanca Awards for his short stories. Scent of Apples, his only book to be published in the
United States, won an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation in 1980.

Santos received honorary doctorate degrees in Humanities and Letters from the University of
the Philippines, and Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay) in 1981. He was also a Professor of
Creative Writing and Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Wichita State University
(Kansas, U.S.A.) from 1973 to 1982. Santos also received an honorary doctorate degree in
Humane Letters from Wichita State University in 1982. After his retirement, Santos became
Visiting Writer and Artist at De La Salle University in Manila.

De La Salle University honored Bienvenido Santos by renaming its Creative Writing Center
after him. Santos received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of the Philippines
where he first studied creative writing under the tutelage of pioneering fictionist Paz Marquez
Benitez. Santos was a government pensionado (scholar) to the United States at the University
of Illinois, Columbia University, and Harvard University in 1941. During World War II, he
served with the Philippine government in exile under President Manuel L. Quezon in
Washington, D.C. together with the playwright Severino Montano and Philippine National
Artist Jose Garcia Villa.

In 1946, he returned to the Philippines to become a teacher and university administrator. He

received a Rockefeller fellowship at the Writers Workshop of the University of Iowa where he
later taught as a Fulbright exchange professor. Santos has also received a Guggenheim
Foundation fellowship, a Republic Cultural Heritage Award in Literature as well as several
Palanca Awards for his short stories. Scent of Apples, his only book to be published in the
United States, won an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation in 1980.

Santos received honorary doctorate degrees in Humanities and Letters from the University of
the Philippines, and Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay) in 1981. He was also a Professor of
Creative Writing and Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Wichita State University
(Kansas, U.S.A.) from 1973 to 1982. Santos also received an honorary doctorate degree in
Humane Letters from Wichita State University in 1982. After his retirement, Santos became
Visiting Writer and Artist at De La Salle University in Manila.
De La Salle University honored Bienvenido Santos by renaming its Creative Writing Center
after him.an

Works

Novels

• The Volcano (1965)

• Villa Magdalena (1965)
• The Praying Man (1977)
• The Man Who (Thought He) Looked Like Robert Taylor (1983)
• What the Hell for You Left Your Heart in San Francisco? (1987)

Short Story Collections

• You Lovely People (1955,1976)

• Brother, My Brother (1960)
• The Day the Dancers Came (1967,1983)
• Toledo is the Love (1969)

• Dwell in the Wilderness (1985)

Poetry

• The Wounded Stag (1956,1992)

• Distances: In Time (1983)
• The March of Death

Nonfiction

• Memory's Fictions: A Personal History (1993)

• Postscript to a Saintly Life (1994)
• Letters: Book 1 (1995)
• Letters: Book 2 (1996)
• My Most Memorable Christmas

Awards, Honors and Prizes

• Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship at the University of Iowa

• Guggenheim Fellowship
• Republic Cultural Heritage Award
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for short fiction (1956, 1961 and 1965)
• Fulbright Program Exchange Professorship
 • American Book Award from Before Columbus Foundation
• Honorary Doctorate in Humanities and Letters, University of the Philippines
• Honorary Doctorate in Humanities and Letters, Bicol University (Legazpi City, Albay,
Philippines)
• Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters, Wichita State University (Kansas, U.S.A.)

Sample Work

Gift Bearers

The morning nears and chill fog wraps the arele

In nothingness and vague murmurings about floods

While men scan the sullen skies,

Wishing for stars

To brighten the dawn of many promises

Prophets have erred and history is now an old man

Rowing for lost toys in a desolate corner

Of another childhood, and we who must tempt the earth

With seed await the caring day with hope, speak on dull voices.

In the awakened sun, spell out the errors

You have made on grotesque leaves grotesque yet

Even as the daylight breaks and prophets speak no more.

Where are the deeper colors that stained cathedral glass?

The thundering threnodies that stood Corinthian walls?

Here now is the new day, but where are those

Who have wondered far, seeking the sound without depth?

For the men who walked the earth bearing gifts,

Are wondering still lost in some forsaken city

Where they rest their burden of gold and frankincense

And myrrh and dose their wearied eyes in sleep,

Dreaming of goodness in the heart and peace of rivers

Winding down a happy valley where a wounded stag

Lies down to die wonder the poplars flecked with morning

Carlos Peña Rómulo

Carlos Peña Rómulo (14 January 1899, Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines – 15 December 1985, Manila,
Philippines) was a Filipino diplomat, politician, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16,
a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He is the co-founder of the Boy Scouts of
the Philippines.

He graduated from the University of the Philippines, (BA) 1918; Columbia University, New York City,
(MA), 1921, Received from Notre Dame University, Indiana, Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa), 1935;
Rollins College, Florida, Doctor of Literature (Honoris Causa), 1946; University of Athens, Greece,
Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris Causa), 1948, University of the Philippines, Honorary Doctor of 'Laws,
April 1949, Harvard University, Doctor of Laws Honoris Causa, 1950.

Rómulo served eight Philippine presidents from President Manuel L. Quezon to President Ferdinand
Marcos as a cabinet member or as the country’s representative to the United States and to the United
Nations.

He served as the President of the Fourth Session of United Nations General Assembly from 1949-1950,
and chairman of the United Nations Security Council. He had served with General Douglas MacArthur
in the Pacific, was Ambassador to the United States, and became the first Asian to win the Pulitzer
Prize in Correspondence in 1942. The Pulitzer Prize website says Carlos P. Romulo of Philippine
Herald was awarded "For his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of
the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia."

He served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to
1946. He was the signatory for the Philippines to the United Nations Charter when it was founded in
1946. He was the Philippines' Secretary (Minister from 1973 to 1984) of Foreign Affairs under
President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952, under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964
and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984.

In his career in the United Nations, Rómulo was a strong advocate of human rights, freedom and
decolonization. During the selection of the UN's official seal, he looked over the seal-to-be and asked,
"Where is the Philippines?" US Senator Warren Austin, head of the selection committee, explained,
"It's too small to include. If we put the Philippines, it would be no more than a dot." "I want that dot!"
insisted Romulo. Today, a tiny dot between the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea can be found on
the UN seal. In 1948 in Paris, France, at the third UN General Assembly, he strongly disagreed with a
proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky, who challenged his credentials by
insulting him with this quote: "You are just a little man from a little country." In return, Romulo
replied, "It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the
blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!", leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down.
He was a candidate for the position of United Nations Secretary-General in 1953, but did not win.
Instead, he returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential
candidate for the Liberal Party, but lost at the party convention to the incumbent Elpidio Quirino, who
ran unsuccessfully for re-election against Ramon Magsaysay. Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at
the convention, but after the convention opened, the president demanded an open roll-call voting,
leaving the delegates no choice but supporting Quirino, the candidate of the party machine. Feeling
betrayed, Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Magsaysay, the
candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party who won the election.

In April 1955 he led the Philippines' delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung. Rómulo,
in all, wrote and published 18 books, which included The United (novel), I Walked with Heroes
(autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise (war-
time memoirs).

He died, at 86, in Manila on 15th of December 1985 and was buried in the Heroes’ Cemetery (Libingan
ng mga Bayani). He was honored as the Philippines’ greatest diplomat in the 20th Century. In 1980, he
was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as "Mr. United Nations" for his
valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace.
Awards and decorations

Rómulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipino in history, which includes 82 honorary degrees
from different international institutions and universities and 74 decorations from foreign countries:

• Philippine Congressional Quezon Service Cross, April 17, 1951

• Philippine National Artist in Literature, 1982
• United States Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 12, 1984
• Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award
• Distinguished Service Star of the Philippines
• Philippine Gold Gross
• Presidential Unit-Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters
• Philippine Legion of Honor (Commander)
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix from the Greek Government
• Grand Cross of the Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes from the Republic of Cuba
• Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence, 1942
• World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award (for work in the United Nations for
peace and world government), March 1947
• Princeton University- Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award ("in
recognition Of his contribution to public life"), May 1947

Anecdotes from Beth Rómulo through Reader's Digest (June 1989)

At the third UN General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948, the USSR’s deputy foreign minister, Andrei
Vishinsky, sneered at Romulo and challenged his credentials: “You are just a little man from a little
country.” “It is the duty of the little Davids of this world,” cried Rómulo, “to fling the pebbles of truth
in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!”

When the UN official seal, which depicts the world, was being selected, Romy looked it over and
demanded, “where is the Philippines?” “It’s too small to include,” explained US Senator Warren
Austin, who headed the committee. “If we put in the Philippines it would be no more than a dot.” “I
want that dot!” Romy insisted. Today, if you look at the UN seal, you will find a tiny dot between the
Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea.

Rómulo was a dapper little man (barely five feet four inches in shoes). When they waded in at Leyte
beach in October 1944, and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep, one of Romy’s
journalist friends cabled, “If MacArthur was in water waist deep, Romulo must have drowned!”

In later years, Romulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall
American generals who disparaged his physical stature. "Gentlemen," he declared, "When you say
something like that, you make me feel like a dime among nickels."
Books

• I Saw the Fall of The Philippines

• Mother America
• My Brother Americans
• I See The Philippines Rise
• The United
• Crusade in Asia (The John Day Company, 1955; about the 1953 presidential election campaign
of Ramon Magsaysay)
• The Meaning of Bandung
• The Magsaysay Story (with Marvin M. Gray, The John Day Company 1956, updated re-edition
by Pocket Books, Special Student Edition, SP-18, December 1957; biography of Ramon
Magsaysay, Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysay's death)
• I Walked with Heroes (autobiography)

Sample Work

I saw the fall of the Philippine

All of us know the story of faster Sunday. It was the triumph of light over. Darkness;
life death. It was the vindication of a leader, only three days before defeated and executed life
a common felon. Today, on the commemoration of that resurrection, we can humbly and
without presumption declare our faith and hope in our own inevitable victory.

We too were betrayed by Judases. We were taken in the night by force of arms, and
though we have done wrong to no man, our people were bound a delivered into the hands of
our enemies. We have been given all to drink and we have stud our blood. To those who look
upon us from afar it must seem that the Filipino people have not descended into hull-into the
valley of death.
Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín,
Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín, usually known as Nick Joaquin (May 4, 1917–
April 29, 2004), was a Filipino writer, historian and journalist, best known for his
short stories and novels in the English language. He also wrote using the pen
name Quijano de Manila. Joaquin was conferred the rank and title of National
Artist of the Philippines for Literature.

Joaquín was born in Paco, Manila, one of the ten children of Leocadio, a colonel
under General Emilio Aguinaldo in the 1896 Revolution, and Salome Marquez, a
teacher of English and Spanish. Being read poems and stories by his mother,
Joaquin taught himself by reading widely at the National Library of the Philippines
and the library of his father, who by that time was a successful lawyer after the
revolution. This developed further his interest in writing.

At age 17, Joaquín was first published in the literary section of the Pre-World War
II Tribune under writer and editor Serafín Lanot. Before publishing in the Tribune,
Joaquin worked as a proofreader of the paper.

After winning a Dominican Order-sponsored nationwide essay competition for La

Naval de Manila, the University of Santo Tomas awarded Joaquín an honorary
Associate in Arts (A.A.) and a scholarship to St. Albert's Convent, the Dominican
monastery in Hong Kong. Upon his return to the Philippines, he joined the
Philippines Free Press, starting as a proofreader. Soon, he was noticed for his
poems, stories and plays, as well as his journalism under the pen name Quijano
de Manila. His journalism was markedly both intellectual and provocative, an
unknown genre in the Philippines at that time, raising the level of reportage in the
country.

Joaquín deeply admired José Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. Joaquín
paid tribute to Rizal by way of books such as The Storyteller's New Medium - Rizal
in Saga, The Complete Poems and Plays of Jose Rizal, and A Question of Heroes:
Essays in Criticism on Ten Key Figures of Philippine History. He also translated the
hero's valedictory poem, "Land That I Love, Farewell!"

Joaquín served as a member of Motion Pictures under President Diosdado

Macapagal and President Ferdinand E. Marcos. According to writer Marra PL.
Lanot, Joaquín was untouched by Marcos' iron fist. Joaqun's first move as National
Artist was to secure the release of imprisoned writer José F. Lacaba. Later, at a
ceremony on Mount Makiling attended by First Lady Imelda Marcos, Joaquín
delivered an invocation to Mariang Makiling, the mountain's mythical maiden.
Joaquín touched on the importance of freedom and the artist. As a result, for the
remainder of the Marcos regime, Joaquín no longer received invitations to address
important cultural events.

Joaquín died of cardiac arrest in the early morning of April 29, 2004. He died in his
home in San Juan, Metro Manila. At the time of his death, he was editor of
Philippine Graphic magazine and publisher of its sister publication, Mirror Weekly,
a women’s magazine. He also wrote columns (“Small Beer”) for the Philippine
Daily Inquirer and Isyu, an opinion tabloid.
WORKS

The Innocence of Solomon

Sheba, Sheba, open your eyes!

The apes defile the ivory temple,

The peacocks chant dark blasphemies;

But I take your body for mine to temple,

I laugh where once I bent the knees.

Yea, I take your mouth for mine to crumple,

Drunk with the wisdom of your fresh.

But wisdom never was contest

And flesh when ripened falls at last;

What will I have when the seasons mint

Your golden breasts into golden dust?

Let me curies and follow the river

Back to its source: I would bathe my bones

Among the chaste rivulets that quiver

Out of the clean primeval stones.

Yea, bathe me again in the early vision

My soul tongued forth before your mouth

Made of a kiss a fierce contrition

Salting the waters of my youth…

Sheba, Sheba close my eyes!

The apes have ravished the inner temple,

The peacocks rend the scared veil

And on the manna feast their fill-

But chaliced drowsily in your ample

Arms, with its brief bliss that dies,

My own deep sepulcher I seal.

Jose Garcia Villa

Jose Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, literary
critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the
Philippines title for literature in 1973, as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in
creative writing by Conrad Aiken. He is known to have introduced the "reversed
consonance rime scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive use of
punctuation marks—especially commas, which made him known as the Comma
Poet. He used the penname Doveglion (derived from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based
on the characters he derived from himself. These animals were also explored by
another poet e.e. cummings in Doveglion, Adventures in Value, a poem dedicated
to Villa.
Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila's Singalong district. His parents were
Simeon Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo, the founding President of
the First Philippine Republic) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He
graduated from University of the Philippines High School in 1925. Villa enrolled on
a pre-medicine course in UP, but then switched to pre-law. However, he realized
that his true passion was in the arts. Villa first tried painting, but then turned into
writing after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson.

Villa was considered the leader of Filipino "artsakists", a group of writers who
believe that art should be "for art's sake" hence the term. He once pronounced
that "art is never a means; it is an end in itself. Villa's tart poetic style was
considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he published Man Songs, a series
of erotic poems, which the administrators in UP found too bold and was even fined
P70 for obscenity by the Manila Court of First Instance. In that same year, Villa
won Best Story of the Year from Philippine Free Press magazine for Mir-I-Nissan.
He also received P1,000 prize money, which he used to migrate for the United
States.

He enrolled at the University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders
of Clay, a mimeographed literary magazine. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts
degree, and pursued post-graduate work at Columbia University. Villa had
gradually caught the attention of the country's literary circles, one of the few
Asians to do so at that time.

After the publication of Footnote to Youth in 1933, Villa switched from writing
prose to poetry, and published only a handful of works until 1942. During the
release of Have Come, Am Here in 1942, he introduced a new rhyming scheme
called "reversed consonance" wherein, according to Villa: "The last sounded
consonants of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are
reversed for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme for near would be run; or
rain, green, reign.

In 1949, Villa presented a poetic style he called "comma poems", wherein

commas are placed after every word. In the preface of Volume Two, he wrote:
"The commas are an integral and essential part of the medium: regulating the
poem's verbal density and time movement: enabling each word to attain a fuller
tonal value, and the line movement to become more measures.

Villa worked as an associate editor for New Directions Publishing in New York
between 1949 to 1951, and then became director of poetry workshop at City
College of New York from 1952 to 1960. He then left the literary scene and
concentrated on teaching, first lecturing in The New School for Social Research
from 1964 to 1973, as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa
was also a cultural attaché to the Philippine Mission to the United Nations from
1952 to 1963, and an adviser on cultural affairs to the President of the Philippines
beginning 1968.
On February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, Villa was found unconscious in his New
York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in Greenwich area. His
death two days later was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar
pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St. John's Cemetery in New York,
wearing a Barong Tagalog.

WORKS

God said,” I made a man Out of clay-

But so bright he, he spun

Himself to brightest day

Till he was all shinning gold,

And oh,

He was handsome to behold!

But in his hands held a bow

Ashamed at me created

Him. And I said,

Would murder me,

Who am thy fountain head

Then I spoke he the man of gold;

I will not

Murder thee! I do but

Measure thee. Hold

Thy peace! And this I did,

But I was curious

Of this so regal head,

Give thy name! - Sir! Genius”

Leaving as heritage this islet this poem,

You and I, his country yours and mine,

This child dreaming on the edges of life.

Zacarias Eugene Francisco Quino Arcellana

Zacarias Eugene Francisco Quino Arcellana (September 6, 1916 — August 1,

2002) was a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and teacher and one of the
most important progenitors of Filipino short stories in English. In 1990, he was
declared National Artist of the Philippines for Literature.

Francisco Arcellana was born September 6, 1916 in Sta. Cruz, Manila to parents
Jose Cabaneiro Arcellana and Epifania Quino. He was the fourth of the 18 children.
Arcellana bloomed early in his craft and prospered from his first schooling in
Tondo until he entered the University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medical
student in 1932. He developed an interest in writing while he was studying at the
Manila West High School (now Torres High School) as an active staff of the the
school organ The Torres Torch.

While in UP, Arcellana received an invitation to join the U.P. Writer's Club from
Manuel Arguilla. This happened after his "trilogy of the turtles" appeared in the
Literary Apprentice. Arcellana also marked the beginning of nontraditional forms
and themes in Philippine literature when he edited and published the Expression
in 1934. He graduated with a degree in philosophy in 1939 and later went into
medical school.

He married Emerenciana Yuvencio with whom he had six children: Francisco Jr.,
Elizabeth, Jose Esteban, Maria Epifania, Juan Eugenio, Emerenciana Jr.

He worked as columnist in the Herald Midweek Magazine while in medical school.

After the war, he returned in the academe as a fellow of the UP Department of
English and Comparative Literature. He became the adviser of the Philippine
Collegian and director of Creative Writing Center from 1979 to 1982.

In 1951, his short story “The Flowers of May” won first prize in the Don Carlos
Palanca Memorial Award for Literature (see Palanca Awards). His work entitled the
“Wing of Madness” made became second prize in the Philippine Free Press literary
contest in 1953. His other noteworthy works include 'The Man Who Could Be Poe”,
“Death is a Factory”, “Lina”, and “Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal”.
In 1956-1957, Arcellana served as a fellow in creative writing at the University of
Iowa and Breadloaf Writers' Conference under a Rockefeller Foundation grant. In
1989, he received a doctorate in humane letters honoris causa from the
University of the Philippines.

He pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form.

For Arcellana, the pride of fiction is "that it is able to render truth that is able to
present reality." He has kept alive the experimental tradition in fiction, and has
been most daring in exploring new literary forms to express the sensibility of the
Filipino people. A brilliant craftsman, his works are now an indispensable part of
tertiary-level-syllabi all over the country.

Arcellana died from renal failure and pneumonia on August 1, 2002 at the age of
85.
WORKS

SONNET

Squat, crafty, little guy

Sat a long time on my chest

Shut out all I know of sky

Fed upon my thinning breast

Broad, heavy, fodeful sword

Swept the air above my head

Was master, sovereign lord

Of both my quick and dead

But heart was body’s merit

And godly soul proved able kept secret sky of spirit

Breast was endless table

To arrest, still the sword

I hold banner o f the sword.