1st Grading Summary of Lessons

Arithmetic Sequences and Series

Some sequences are composed of simply random values, while others have a definite pattern that is used
to arrive at the sequence's terms. The arithmetic sequence (or progression), for example, is based upon
the addition of a constant value to arrive at the next term in the sequence.

Arithmetic Sequences

The fixed amount is called the common difference, d, referring to the fact that the difference between two
successive terms yields the constant value that was added. To find the common difference, subtract the first term
from the second term.

Arithmetic Series
When the terms of a sequence are added together, the sum is referred to as
a series. We will be working with finite sums (the sum of a specific number of
terms).

Arithmetic Series: Sn = a1 + (a1 + d) + (a1 + 2d) + (a1 + 3d) + ... + (a1 + (n - 1)d)

An arithmetic series is the adding together of the terms of an arithmetic sequence.

Formulas used with arithmetic sequences and arithmetic series:

To find any term To find the sum of a certain

of an arithmetic sequence: number of terms of an arithmetic 𝑎𝑛−𝑎1
sequence: +1
𝑑
Used in finding the nth
where a1 is the first term of the sequence, term
d is the common difference,
where Sn is the sum of n terms
n is the number of the term to find.
(nth partial sum),
a1 is the first term, an is the nth term.

Geometric Sequences and Series

Some sequences are composed of simply random values, while others have a definite pattern that is used to arrive at the
sequence's terms. The geometric sequence, for example, is based upon the multiplication of a constant value to arrive at the next
term in the sequence.

The fixed amount is called the common ratio, r, referring to the fact that the ratio (fraction) of second term to the first term yields the
common multiple. To find the common ratio, divide the second term by the first term.

Geometric Sequence: Common Ratio, r:

3, 12, 48, 192, 768, 3072, ... r = 4. A 4 is multiplied times each term to arrive at the next term.
OR ... divide a2 by a1 to find the common ratio of 4.
 Geometric Series: Sn = a1 + (a1r) + (a1r2) + (a1r3) + (a1r4) + ... + (a1rn - 1)

A geometric series is the adding together of the terms of a geometric sequence.

Formulas used with geometric sequences and geometric series:

To find the sum of a certain number of terms of

To find any term a geometric sequence:
of a geometric sequence:

where a1 is the first term of the sequence,

r is the common ratio, where Sn is the sum of n terms (nth partial sum),
n is the number of the term to find. a1 is the first term, r is the common ratio. ( finite)

Note: a1 may be simply referred to as a.

𝒏−𝟏 𝒂𝒏
√
Finding geometric Means with 3 𝒂𝟏
terms:
Finding 2 or more geometric
𝒏−𝟏
√𝒂 𝟏 ∙ 𝒂 𝟑 means/ finding the ratio.

Finding the sum of an infinite

𝒂𝟏
𝒔𝒏 =
𝟏−𝒓

Fibonacci Sequence

it is a series of numbers
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13...
The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it
 The two is found by adding 1+1
 The 3 is found by adding 1 and 2
 the 5 is found by adding 2 and 3
 and so on

Harmonic Sequence

Some sequences are composed of simply random values, while others have a definite
pattern
Harmonic sequence, in mathematics, a sequence of numbers a1, a2, a3,… such that
their reciprocals1/a1, 1/a2, 1/a3,… form an arithmetic sequence (numbers separated by a
common difference). The best-known harmonic sequence, and the one typically meant when
the harmonic sequence is mentioned, is 1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4,…, whose corresponding arithmetic
sequence is simply the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,….
 Polynomial Equation


Sum of monomials

Many terms

Must arranged in decreasing order

N are non negative integer