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OPTIMIZATION….
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A = xy (Objective Equation)
2y = 300 – 2x ; y = 150 – x
Now we substitute 150 – x for y in the objective equation so that
the objective equation will have only one independent variable.
Maximizing Area -CONTINUED
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5000
4000
Area (A)
3000
2000
1000
0
0 50 100 150
x
Maximizing Area -CONTINUED
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Since the graph of the function is obviously a parabola, then the maximum value
of A (along the vertical axis) would be found at the only value of x for which
the first derivative is equal to zero.
EXAMPLE 2:
A rectangular garden of area 75 square feet is to be surrounded on three sides
by a brick wall costing $10 per foot and on one side by a fence costing $5 per
foot. Find the dimensions of the garden such that the cost of materials is
minimized.
SOLUTION
Below is a picture of the garden. The red side represents the side that is fenced.
y
x x
y
EXAMPLE 2: -CONTINUED
Now we will determine the constraint equation. The only piece of information we
have not yet used in some way is that the area is 75 square feet. Using this, we
create a constraint equation as follows.
75 = xy (Constraint Equation)
Now we rewrite the constraint equation, isolating one of the variables therein.
75 = xy
75/y = x
Minimizing Cost EXAMPLE 2: -CONTINUED
24
Now we rewrite the objective equation using the substitution we just acquired
from the constraint equation.
The objective equation is: C = 20x + 15y
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Graph of the function 0 50 100 150
y
Minimizing Cost EXAMPLE 2: -CONTINUED
25
26
27
(Volume) A canvas wind shelter for the beach has a back, two
square sides, and a top. Find the dimensions for which the volume
will be 250 cubic feet and that requires the least possible
amount of canvas.
SOLUTION Below is a picture of the wind shelter.
x
y
x
The quantity that we will be maximizing is ‘surface area’.
Therefore, our objective equation will contain a variable
representing surface area, A.
Minimizing Surface Area
28
EXAMPLE 3: -CONTINUED
Sum of the areas of the sides: A = xx + xx + xy + xy
Now we will determine the constraint equation. The only piece of information we
have not yet used in some way is that the volume is 250 ft3. Using this, we create
a constraint equation as follows.
Now we rewrite the constraint equation, isolating one of the variables therein.
EXAMPLE 3: -CONTINUED
Now we rewrite the objective equation using the substitution we just acquired
from the constraint equation.
The objective equation is: A = 2x2 + 2xy
Replace y with 250/x2 : A = 2x2 + 2x(250/x2)
Simplify. 4000
3500
A= 2x2 + 500/x 3000
2500
Area (A)
2000
1500
Now we use this equation 1000
to sketch a graph of the 500
function. 0
-5 5 15 25 35 45
x
Minimizing Surface Area
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EXAMPLE 3: -CONTINUED
It appears from the graph that there is exactly one relative extremum, a
relative minimum around x = 5. To know exactly where this relative minimum
is, we need to set the first derivative equal to zero and solve (since at this
point, the function will have a slope of zero).
A = 2x2 + 500/x
Differentiating we get A΄ = 4x – 500/x2
Then set the function equal to 0. 4x - 500/x2 = 0
4x = 500/x2
4x3 = 500
x3 = 125
x=5
Minimizing Surface Area
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EXAMPLE 3: -CONTINUED
250 = (5)2y; y = 10