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Mathematics
Talk Aloud Many students sit and try to do a problem in complete silence inside their heads.
They think that solutions just pop into the heads of ‘smart’ people. You absolutely must learn
to talk aloud and listen to yourself, literally to talk yourself through a problem. Successful
students do this without realising. It helps to structure your thoughts while helping your tutor
understand the way you think.
BackChecking This means that you will be doing every step of the question twice, as you work
your way through the question to ensure no silly mistakes. For example with this question:
3 × 2 − 5 × 7 you would do “3 times 2 is 5 ... let me check – no 3 × 2 is 6 ... minus 5 times 7
is minus 35 ... let me check ... minus 5 × 7 is minus 35. Initially, this may seem time-
consuming, but once it is automatic, a great deal of time and marks will be saved.
Avoid Cosmetic Surgery Do not write over old answers since this often results in repeated
mistakes or actually erasing the correct answer. When you make mistakes just put one line
through the mistake rather than scribbling it out. This helps reduce silly mistakes and makes
your work look cleaner and easier to backcheck.
Pen to Paper It is always wise to write things down as you work your way through a problem, in
order to keep track of good ideas and to see concepts on paper instead of in your head. This
makes it easier to work out the next step in the problem. Harder maths problems cannot be
solved in your head alone – put your ideas on paper as soon as you have them – always!
Transfer Skills This strategy is more advanced. It is the skill of making up a simpler question and
then transferring those ideas to a more complex question with which you are having difficulty.
For example if you can’t remember how to do long addition because you can’t recall exactly
ା ହ଼଼ଽ
ସହ଼
how to carry the one: then you may want to try adding numbers which you do know how
ାହ
to calculate that also involve carrying the one: ଽ
This skill is particularly useful when you can’t remember a basic arithmetic or algebraic rule,
most of the time you should be able to work it out by creating a simpler version of the
question.
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Format Skills These are the skills that keep a question together as an organized whole in terms
of your working out on paper. An example of this is using the “=” sign correctly to keep a
question lined up properly. In numerical calculations format skills help you to align the numbers
correctly.
This skill is important because the correct working out will help you avoid careless mistakes.
When your work is jumbled up all over the page it is hard for you to make sense of what
belongs with what. Your “silly” mistakes would increase. Format skills also make it a lot easier
for you to check over your work and to notice/correct any mistakes.
Every topic in math has a way of being written with correct formatting. You will be surprised
how much smoother mathematics will be once you learn this skill. Whenever you are unsure
you should always ask your tutor or teacher.
Its Ok To Be Wrong Mathematics is in many ways more of a skill than just knowledge. The main
skill is problem solving and the only way this can be learned is by thinking hard and making
mistakes on the way. As you gain confidence you will naturally worry less about making the
mistakes and more about learning from them. Risk trying to solve problems that you are unsure
of, this will improve your skill more than anything else. It’s ok to be wrong – it is NOT ok to not
try.
Avoid Rule Dependency Rules are secondary tools; common sense and logic are primary tools
for problem solving and mathematics in general. Ultimately you must understand Why rules
work the way they do. Without this you are likely to struggle with tricky problem solving and
worded questions. Always rely on your logic and common sense first and on rules second,
always ask Why?
Self Questioning This is what strong problem solvers do naturally when they
get stuck on a problem or don’t know what to do. Ask yourself these
questions. They will help to jolt your thinking process; consider just one
question at a time and Talk Aloud while putting Pen To Paper.
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Table of Contents
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Basic Arithmetic &
Algebra
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 1: Rational Numbers & Surds
ଷ ଶ
1) Calculate the following, expressing 3) How many lots of are there in
ଵ ହ
your answers in their simplest
form
4) Convert the following fractions to
ଷ ହ decimals
a) ସ +
ଵ
ଶ ଵ
a) ସ
b) ଵଵ
+
ଵଷ
ଶ
ଵ ଷ
b) ଷ
c) 1 + 3 ହ
ଵ
ସ ସ
c) ଼
d) ଵଵ
−
ଶଶ
ଵ
ଶ ଵ
d) ଵଶ
e) 2 ଷ − 3 ସ
5) Convert the following fractions to
ହ ଷହ
f) ଽ
−
ଷ
percentages
ଵ
a) ହ
2) Simplify the following, expressing
your answer in simplest form ଷ
b) ସ
ଷ ଼
a) ସ × ଽ ଷ
c) ଼
ଵ ଷଷ
b) ଵଵ
×
ଵଶ ଵ
d) ଷ
ଵ
c) ଶ
×
ଵହ
e) ଵ
ଷ ଽ
d) ଶ ÷ ଵ 6) Convert the following percentages
to fractions in their simplest form
ଵଶ ଷ
e) ଷଽ
÷
ଶ
a) 30%
ଵ ଶ
f) ÷
ଶ ଷ b) 12.5%
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 1: Rational Numbers & Surds
c) 0.4% b) 0.91326
d) 2.5% c) 6139900
a) 0.043176
c) 0.625
b) 0.2565443
d) 0. 1̇ 5̇
c) 0.00012739
e) Use your result from part d
to convert 4.01̇ 5̇ to a d) 1.128755
mixed numeral
11) Simplify the following
8) Solve or simplify the following by expressions, leaving your answer
using the distributive law in surd form
ଷ ଷ
a) ቀହ × 498ቁ+ ( ହ × 2) a) 6√2 + 2√2
b) ଶ ଶ ଵ
ቀଷ × 2ቁ− ( ଷ × ଶ) b) 4√8 + 2√2
c) (ܽ + 1)(ܽଶ) +
c) √27 + 2√3
(ܽ + 1)(2ܽ) + ܽ + 1
d) 2√45 + 3√20
(ିଵ)ଶ௫ାଷ(ିଵ)
d) (ଶ௫ାଷ)ିଶ௫ିଷ 12) Simplify the following, leaving
your answer in surd form
9) Convert the following numbers to
scientific notation, correct to 3 a) √108 − √48
significant figures
b) √32 − √18
a) 42731
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 1: Rational Numbers & Surds
a) √12 × √3 a) √1.69
b) √3 × √27 b) ට5
ସ
ଽ
c) √8 × √50 ଵ ଶ
c) ቀ4 ଷቁ
d) √18 × √8
d) య
√0.027
e) √1.6 × √5
ଷ ଵଶ
f) ට ସ × ට ଶହ
ଶ ସ.ହ
g) ට ଷ × ට ଶ
ଷ
a) ଵି √ଶ
√
b) ସି √
ଷଶ
c)
√ଶାଵ
ସ ଶ
d) +
√ଷିଵ ଵି √ଷ
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Exercise 2
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 2: Inequalities & Absolute Values
௫
c) 6 ≥ݐ42 c) 2( ݔ− 1) − < ݔ ଶ
d) 5 < ݕ− 30 ଵ
d) 3(4 − )ݕ+ 2 ≥ ݕଶ ݕ
௫
e) ଷ
> 9 ௫ ௫
e) ଶ
+
ଷ
≤ 4
ଶ௬
f) ଷ
≤ 10 ି௫ ଶ௫
f) ଷ
−
ସ
> 6
g) − <ݔ6
ିଶ
g) ଷ
+
ିଶ
≤ −4
h) − 2 ≤ ݕ3
ି௧ ௧
h) − 4> + 3
2) Solve the following inequalities ଷ ଶ
a) 2ܽ + 4 ≥ 6 4) Solve
b) 3 − 5 ≤ 10 a) | = |ݔ3
d) − 3 − 4݃ < 3 c) | |ݔ− 2 = 6
e)
௫
+ 4≤ 2 d) − | = |ݔ4
ଷ
ି௫ 5) Solve
f) ଶ
+ 10 > 2
a) | ݔ+ 2| = 7
௫
g) ଷ
< ݔ+ 1
b) | ݔ− 3| = 4
ି௫
h) ଶ
> ݔ− 2 c) | ݔ+ 4| = 10
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 2: Inequalities & Absolute Values
ଷ
d) – | ݔ− 2| = ଶ
9) Solve the following graphically
b) |3 ݔ+ 4| − 5 =
ଵ c) | ݔ− 1| = | ݔ+ 2| + 2
ଶ
ଵ ଶ
d) | ݔ− 2| +
ଶ
= ଷ
7) Solve
a) |ݔଶ + 6 ݔ− 3| = 4
b) |ݔଶ + 2 ݔ− 1| = 2
c) |ݔଶ + 5 ݔ− 2| = − 6
d) |ݔଶ − 13| = 4
a) | ݔ+ 1| = | ݔ− 2|
ଵ
b) ቚ ݔ− ଶቚ= | ݔ+ 3|
ଵ
e) ቚଶ ݔ+ 1ቚ= |2 ݔ− 3| + 1
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Exercise 3
Algebraic Expressions
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 3: Algebraic Expressions
మ
a) (ݔଶ − 4 ݔ+ 3) + 5) If = ݔ , calculate the value of ݔ
మ
(2ݔଶ + 2 ݔ− 6)
when
a) (2 + 5()ݕ2 ݕ− 4) ଵ ଵ
d) ܽ= ଶ
, ܿ= ଶ√
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 3: Algebraic Expressions
per minute
11) Simplify the following expressions
involving the difference of two
8) The volume of a cone is given by the
ଵ squares
formula ܸ = ߨݎଶℎ. What is the
ଷ
radius of a cone of volume 1200
a) ݔଶ − 4
cm3and height 100cm?
b) 4ݕଶ − 9
9) If a set of three resistors is connected
in parallel, the equivalent resistance
(R) of the set is given by the formula
c) 25ଶ − 25
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
= + + . Calculate the ௫మ ଵ
ோ ோభ ோమ ோయ d) ସ
−
ଵ
resistance of the set (in ohms) if:
e) ݕସ − 100ݕଶ
a) ܴଵ = ܴଶ = ܴଷ = 2 ℎ݉ ݏ
f) ݔଶ − 2
b) ܴଵ = 2 ℎ݉ ݏ, ܴଶ =
3 ℎ݉ ݏ, ܴଷ = 4 ℎ݉ ݏ
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 3: Algebraic Expressions
d) 2ݔଶ + 9 ݔ+ 10
15) Simplify
௫ ௫మିସ
e) ଶ
3 ݔ+ 5 ݔ− 12 a) ௫ିଶ
×
௫௬ା௫
ଷ௫ ௫
c) 4ݔଶ − ݕଶ + 8 ݔ− 4ݕ e) ଶ௫ିଵ
÷
ସ௫ିଶ
d) ݔଷ + 1
f)
௫௬
÷
௫మ௬మ
௫ାଵ ସ௫ାସ
e) ݔଷ − 27
16) Simplify
f) ݔଷ + 125 ା ି
a) ଷ
+
ଽ
14) Reduce the following fractions to
their simplest form ଶ௫ାଷ௬ ଶ௬ିଷ௫
b) ଶ
−
ଷ
ଶାଷ௧
a) ଶି ାଶ
଼ାଵଶ௧ c)
+
ଶ
ଷ௫ି௬
b) ସ௬ିଵଶ௫
ସ
d) ௬ −
௬(௬ିଵ)
ଵି௫
c) ଵି௫మ e)
ଵ
+
ଶ
௫మାହ௫ାସ ௫ାଵ
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 3: Algebraic Expressions
ଵ ଵ
f) ௫మିସ
+
௫మାସ௫ାସ
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Exercise 4
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 4: Linear & Quadratic Equations
a) 2 ݔ+ 4 = 10
4) Find the values of x for which
b) 3 ݔ+ 7 = 4
a) 2 ݔ+ 2 > 6
ଵ
c) ݔ− 4 = 5
ଶ b) 4 ݔ− 3 ≤ 9
ଶ
d) ଷ
ݔ+ 6 = 8 c) 2 − 6 ≥ ݔ− 10
ସ
e) 2 − ହ = ݔ− 6 d) ଵ
1 − ଶ < ݔ3
ଵ
f) 11 − ଶ = ݔ11 e) | ݔ− 2| < 5
a) ସ௫ାଵ
௫
= 3 g) | ݔ+ 1| + 1 < 2
b) ଶ௫ି
= −4 5) Solve the following equations by
௫
factorization
ସ௫ିଶ
c) = 8
௫ିଶ a) ݔଶ + 5 ݔ− 6 = 0
ଷ௫ା
d) ௫ିସ
= 10 b) ݔଶ − 5 ݔ+ 6 = 0
భ
௫ିସ
e) మ
= 6 c) ݔଶ + 2 ݔ+ 1 = 0
௫ାଵ
ଶି ௫
భ d) 2ݔଶ + 7 ݔ− 9 = 0
f) ௫ିଷ
య
= 3
e) 6ݔଶ − 14 ݔ+ 8 = 0
3) Solve the following linear equations
f) 10ݔଶ + 6 ݔ− 4 = 0
௫ିସ ௫ିଷ
a) ௫ାଶ
= ௫ାଵ
g) 10ݔଶ − 6 ݔ− 4 = 0
௫ାଵ ௫ାଶ
b) ௫ିଵ
= ௫ି
ଶ௫ିଷ ଶ௫ାଵ
c) ଷ௫ିଶ
= ଷ௫ିଵ
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Chapter 1: Basic Arithmetic & Algebra Exercise 4: Linear & Quadratic Equations
a) 6 − ݔଶ = ݔ
b) 8ݔଶ + 2 ݔ− 1 = 0
c) ݔଶ = 8ݔ
d) ( ݔ− 4) ଶ = 9
e) 2ݔଶ + 4 ݔ+ 4 = 0
f) ݔଶ = 4 ݔ− 2
ଷ ହ
c) ݔ+ ଶ = ݕ− ଶ
and
2 ݔ− = ݕ3
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Real Functions
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The domain of a function is the set of all values of ݔfor which the
values of the function are real
The range of a function is the set of all ݕvalues that result from
applying the function rule to all ݔvalues in the domain
A function can have only one ݕvalue for each ݔvalue in the
domain
The ݔintercepts of a function are the values (if any) at which the
function equals zero
The ݕintercept of a function is the value of the function when
=ݔ0
An asymptote is a value that a curve approaches but never reaches
A discontinuity is a point where a function is not defined
The general equation of a circle is ( ݔ− ℎ) ଶ + ( ݕ− ݇) ଶ = ݎଶ,
where ℎ and ݇ are the co-ordinates of the centre, and r is the
radius
The general equation of a parabola is: ( ݕ− ݇) ଶ = 4 ݔ (ܣ− ℎ) ,
where ℎ and ݇ are the co-ordinates of the vertex. The vertical (or
horizontal) distance from the vertex to the focus, and from the
vertex to the directrix is A. The focus lies within the parabola, the
directrix is a line that lies outside the parabola
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 2: Real Functions Exercise 1: Range, Domain & Variables
1) State the domain and range (from 4) Find the range and domain of the
the set of real numbers) of the following functions
following functions
a) ݂( ݔ( = )ݔ+ 1) ଶ
a) ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ − 1
b) ݂( ݔ( = )ݔ− 2) ଶ
b) ݂(ݔ√ = )ݔ
c) ݂( ݔ( = )ݔ+ 4) ଶ
ଵ
c) ݂(= )ݔ ௫
d) ݂( ݔ( = )ݔ+ ܿ) ଶ
ଵ
d) ݂(= )ݔ
√௫
5) Which of the following are not
functions; give reasons for those
e) ݂( ݔ = )ݔ+ 1
considered non-functions
3) Find the range and domain of the 6) Find the range and domain of the
following functions following functions
ଵ
a) ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ a) =ݕ ௫
ଵ
b) ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ + 1 b) =ݕ ௫
+ 1
d) ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ + ܿ
d) =ݕ
ଵ
+ ܿ
௫
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Chapter 2: Real Functions Exercise 1: Range, Domain & Variables
ଵ
a) =ݕ ௫మ
ଵ
b) =ݕ ௫మାଵ
ଵ
c) =ݕ ௫మିଵ
ଵ
d) =ݕ ௫మା
a) |ݔ| = ݕ
b) ݔ| = ݕ+ 1|
c) ݔ| = ݕ− 2|
d) ݔ| = ݕ+ ܿ|
e) |ݔ| = ݕ+ 1
f) |ݔ| = ݕ− 2
g) |ݔ| = ݕ+ ܿ
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Exercise 2
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Chapter 2: Real Functions Exercise 2: Properties of Graphs of Real Functions
For each question below, sketch the graph of the function, and determine the following
properties.
x intercept
y intercept
Where the function is increasing
Where the function is decreasing
Where the function is positive, negative, and zero
Any horizontal or vertical asymptotes
The maximum and minimum values of the function
If there are any discontinuities
Use the last equation in each question to generalize the above properties of functions of
that type
ଵ
1) Linear functions b) =ݕ ௫ାଵ
a) = ݕ2ݔ c) =ݕ
ଵ
௫ିଶ
b) = ݕ3 ݔ+ 1
d) =ݕ
ଵ
+ 1
௫
c) = ݕ4 ݔ− 2 ଵ
e) =ݕ ௫
− 2
d) ݔܽ = ݕ+ ܾ
ଵ
f) =ݕ ௫ା
+ ܾ
2) Quadratic functions
4) Radicals
a) ݔ = ݕଶ
a) ݔ√ = ݕ
b) ݔ = ݕଶ + 1
b) ݔ√ = ݕ+ 1
c) ݔ = ݕଶ − 2
c) ݔ√ = ݕ− 2
d) ݔ = ݕଶ + ܿ
d) ݔ√ = ݕ+ 1
a) =ݕ
ଵ
௫
f) ݔ√ = ݕ+ ܽ
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Chapter 2: Real Functions Exercise 2: Properties of Graphs of Real Functions
g) ݔ√ = ݕ+ ܾ
5) Absolute value
a) |ݔ| = ݕ
b) ݔ| = ݕ+ 1|
c) ݔ| = ݕ− 2|
d) |ݔ| = ݕ+ 1
e) |ݔ| = ݕ− 2
f) ݔ| = ݕ+ ܽ|
g) |ݔ| = ݕ+ ܾ
6) Miscellaneous functions
ଵ
b) = ݕ ௫మ
ଵ
c) = ݕ
√௫
ଵ
d) = ݕ |௫|
e) ݔ = ݕଷ + ܿ
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Exercise 3
Geometric Representation
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Chapter 2: Real Functions Exercise 3: Geometric Representation
௫మ
1) Write the equation of the following a) =ݕ ସ
circles
b) = ݕ2ݔଶ − 4 ݔ+ 4
a) Centre at the origin, radius of
1 units
c) 6ݔ = ݕଶ + 4 ݔ+ 16
ଷ
c) ݔଶ + ݕଶ − 2 ݔ− 2 ݕ− ଶ
= 0
e) Vertex at (0, 0), focus at
(0, 1.5)
d) ݔଶ + 4 ݔ+ ݕଶ − 4 = ݕ2
f) Vertex at (0, -1), focus at
e) ଶ ଶ
ݔ+ 6 ݔ+ ݕ+ 2 ݕ+ 9 = 0 (2, -1)
e) ଷ ଵ
Vertex at ቀସ , − ଶቁ, directrix c) ݔଶ + ݕଶ + 4 ݔ− 6 ݕ+ 10
=ݕ3
d) = ݕ10ݔଶ − 6 ݔ+ 3
ଵ ଵ
c) Focus at ቀଶ , − ଶቁ, directrix
=ݕ ଶ
ଷ
e) Focus at ቀ2, ସቁ, directrix
=ݕ− ସ
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Exercise 4
Graphing Inequalities
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Chapter 2: Real Numbers Exercise 4: Graphing Inequalities
1) Sketch and label the region bounded f) The inequalities > ݔ0,
by ݔ√ > ݕ, and < ݕ− ݔ+ 4
a) The x axis, the y axis, and the 3) Sketch and label the region bounded
inequality < ݕ− 2 ݔ+ 3 by
b) The x axis and the inequalities a) The inequalities ݔଶ + ݕଶ < 1,
< ݕ− ݔ+ 2 and ݔ < ݕ+ 2 > ݔ0, and > ݕ0
ଵ
c) The inequality > ݕ− ଶ ݔ+ 4 b) The inequalities ݔଶ − 4 ݔ+
ݕଶ < 0 and > ݕ1
d) The inequalities < ݕ4 and
>ݕ0 c) The inequalities ݔଶ + ݕଶ < 4
and > ݕ− ݔ
e) The inequalities | < |ݔ2 and
<ݕ
ଵ
ݔ+ 1 d) The inequalities ݔଶ + ݕଶ +
ଶ
2 ݔ− 2 > ݕ7, > ݔ− 4, and
<ݕ4
f) The inequality > ݕ3 ݔ− 3
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Chapter 2: Real Numbers Exercise 4: Graphing Inequalities
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Basic Trigonometry
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Useful formulae and hints
sin ݔis the vertical distance of the point from the origin
cos ݔis the horizontal distance of the point from the origin
Bearings are measured from North in a clockwise direction
Angle of elevation is measured from the ground looking up and is
equal to the angle of depression.
Angle of depression
Angle of elevation
Sine rule: = = , where ܣ, ܤ, ܥare the angles opposite
ୱ୧୬ ୱ୧୬ ୱ୧୬
sides ܽ, ܾ, ܿrespectively
Cosine rule: ܽଶ = ܾଶ + ܿଶ − 2ܾܿcos ܣ
ଵ
Area of a non-right angled triangle is ܾܽsin ܥ
ଶ
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 1: Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
1) For each point on the unit circle write a co-ordinate pair that represents (cos ݔ, sin )ݔ,
where x is the angle measurement shown on the appropriate point
c) sec = ݔ
c) sec ݔfor ݔbetween 0 and
360°
d) cot = ݔ
b) cos(90° − ߠ) = ___________
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 1: Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
d) sin(2ߠ) = _______
e) (tan 30° + csc 60°) cos 30°
e) cos(2ߠ) = _______
f) ଵ
sinଶ 27° + ቀୱୣୡଶ° × cos 27°ቁ
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Exercise 2
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 2: Angles of Elevation & Bearings
d) 135° b) South-East
e) 180° c) North-West
f) 240° d) North-East
d) A man travels on a bearing of 330° for x km, then on a bearing of 210° for y km
e) A man travels due South for x km, then travels due East for y km, he then walks
back to his starting point for z km.
a) A man travels due East for 3 km, then travels due South for 4 km. What is the
shortest distance back to his original starting position?
b) A man travels North-East then turns and travels due South for 15 km until he is
due East of his starting position. How far due East of his starting position is he?
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 2: Angles of Elevation & Bearings
c) A man travels on a bearing of 45° for 10 km; he then travels on a bearing of 225°
for 12 km. What is the shortest distance back to his original starting position?
d) A man travels on a bearing of 330° for 4 km and then on a bearing of 210° for 4
km. How far and on what bearing is his shortest path back to his original starting
position?
e) A man travels due South for 6 km, then due East for 6 km. On what bearing must
he travel and for what distance to take the shortest path back to his starting
position?
a) Two friends Bill and Ben leave from the same point at the same time. Bill walks
North-East at 4 km per hour for 2 hours. Ben walks at a rate of 3 km per hour for
2 hours South-East. How far apart are they at this time?
b) Fred travels due East then walks on a bearing of 300° for 8 km until he is due
North of his original starting position. How far away from his original position is
he? How far due East did he walk?
c) Alan and Ken each start rowing a boat from the same position. Alan rows due
west for 10 km, whilst Ken rows for 20km at which time he is directly South of
Alan. On what bearing did Ken row, and what distance was he away from Alan
when he was due south of him?
a) A 3 meter ladder leans against a wall and makes an angle of 50° with the ground.
How high up the wall does the ladder reach?
b) The light from a tower shines on an object on the ground. The angle of
depression of the light is 75°. If the tower is 20 metres high, how far away is the
object from the base of the tower?
c) A 4 meter pole casts a 10 metre shadow. What is the angle of elevation of the
pole from the end of the shadow?
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 2: Angles of Elevation & Bearings
d) From the top of a cliff the angle of depression to a boat on the ocean is 2°. If the
cliff is 100 metres high, how far out to sea is the boat?
e) A fire fighter has to use his 20 metre ladder to reach the window of a burning
apartment building. If the window is 15 meters from the ground, on what angle
would the ladder be placed so it can be reached?
f) A peg on the ground sits between two poles. The first pole is 2 metres high and
the other is 7.66 metres high. From the peg a rope of length 4 metres is attached
to the top of the first pole. Another rope of length 10 metres is attached to the
top of the second pole. What angle is made between the two ropes?
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Exercise 3
46
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 3: Non-right Angled Triangles
1) Solve the following using the sine rule. Note for questions where the angle is unknown,
round your answer to one decimal place, and ensure all possible solutions are found.
(Diagrams are not drawn to scale)
a) x 4
30° 80°
b)
6
40° 70°
c)
x y
50° 50°
10
d)
10 45° 12
θ
e)
6 13.5
θ 20°
f)
2 12
θ 4°
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 3: Non-right Angled Triangles
2) Solve the following using the cosine rule. Note for questions where the angle is
unknown, round your answer to one decimal place, and ensure all possible solutions are
found. (Diagrams are not drawn to scale)
a) 10 40° 5
b)
x 12
60°
13
c)
2 x
35°
30
d)
20 12
θ
25
e)
16 16
θ
24
f)
50° 12
θ θ
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Chapter 3: Basic Trigonometry Exercise 3: Non-right Angled Triangles
3) Find the area of the triangles in question 2 by using the sine formula
4) Solve the following by using the sine rule or cosine rule; draw a diagram to help solve
a) A post has been hit by a truck and is leaning so it makes an angle of 85° with the
ground. A surveyor walks 20 metres from the base of the pole and measures the
angle of elevation to the top as 40°. How tall is the pole if it is leaning toward
him? How tall is the pole if it is leaning away from him?
b) Boat A travels due east for 6 km. Boat B travels on a bearing of 130° for 8 km.
How far apart are the boats?
c) A mark is made on the side of a wall. A man 40 metres from the base of the wall
measures the angle of elevation to the mark as 20°, and the angle of elevation to
the top of the wall as 60°. How far is the mark from the top of the wall?
d) What is the perimeter of a triangle with two adjacent sides that measure 15 and
18 metres respectively, with the angle between them 75°?
e) The pilot of a helicopter hovering above the ocean measures the angle of
depression to ship A on its left at 50°, and the angle of depression to ship B on its
right at 70°. If the ships are 200 metres apart, how high above the ocean is the
helicopter hovering?
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Lines & Linear
Functions
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Useful formulae and hints
The roots of an equation is/are the point(s) where the equation
equals zero
Parallel lines have the same gradient
If the gradient of a line is ܽ, the gradient of a line perpendicular is
ଵ
−
The general equation of a line is ݔ ݉ = ݕ+ ܿ, where ݉ is the
gradient and ܿis the y-intercept
If lines do not have the same gradient they must intersect at a
point
If two equations have the same gradient and pass through the
same point, the equations represent the same line
The distance between two points ( ݔଵ, ݔଶ)and( ݕଵ, ݕଶ) is
݀ = ඥ( ݔଶ − ݔଵ) ଶ + ( ݕଶ − ݕଵ) ଶ
The midpoint between two points ( ݔଵ, ݔଶ)and( ݕଵ, ݕଶ) is
ݔଵ + ݔଶ ݕଵ + ݕଶ
݉ = ൬ , ൰
2 2
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 4: Lines & Linear Functions Exercise 1: Algebraic Properties of Lines
1
e) 4 ݔ+ 2 = 0 = ݕ2ݔ 3 = ݕ3 ݔ+ 2
2
− 3 = ݕ6 ݔ+ 2 − 4 ݔ = ݕ− 5
f) 3 ݔ+ 1 = 0 2
− ݔ = ݕ− 8 3 = ݕ− ݔ+ 2
3
ଵ
g) ݔ+ ଶ
= 0
4) Write the equation of the following
ଵ
h) 2 ݔ− ଼
= 0 lines
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Chapter 4: Lines & Linear Functions Exercise 1: Algebraic Properties of Lines
ଵ
i) Having a slope of − ଶ and b) Parallel to the line ݔ = ݕ− 4
passing through the point and passing through the point
(2,1) (0,3)
ଷ
j) Having a slope of − ସ and c) Parallel to the line
passing through the point 2 = ݕ3 ݔ+ 1 and passing
(3,0) through the point (-2,4)
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Exercise 2
Intersection of Lines
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Chapter 4: Linear Functions & Lines Exercise 2: Intersection of Lines
ଵ
e) ଵ
ݔ− 4 ݕ+ 3 = − ଶ ݕand c) ଶ
ݔ+ 3 = ݕ− 3 and
ଶ
ݔ = ݕ+ 1
ݔ− 4 ݕ+ 3 = ݕ
ଶ
ଵ
a) Two lines that intersect at a f) =ݕ ଶ
ݔ+ 5 and 2 ݕ− ݔ+
point 4= 0
a) The line that has a slope of -2, and passes through the point of intersection of the
lines = ݕ2 ݔ− 1 and = ݕ3 ݔ− 2
b) The line that passes through the origin, and also passes through the intersection
ଵ
of the lines 2 ݔ− = ݕ2 and ଶ ݕ+ 1 = ݔ
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Chapter 4: Linear Functions & Lines Exercise 2: Intersection of Lines
c) The line that passes through the intersection of the lines 2 ݕ+ = ݔ5 and
– ݔ+ = ݕ4, and is also perpendicular to the second line
d) The line that passes through the point (-2,-1) and also passes through the
ଵ ଵ
intersection of the lines = ݕ ݔ+ 2 and ଶ ݕ− = ݔ− 1
ଶ
e) The line that passes through the intersection of = ݕ2 ݔand = ݕ− 3 ݔ+ 5, and is
also parallel to the first line
5) Shade the region(s) of the number plane as defined in the following questions
ଵ ଵ
b) The region where ݔ > ݕ+ 2 and − ଶ > ݕ ଶ
ݔ+ 4
c) The region where 2 ݔ+ < ݕ4 and ݔ− 2 < ݕ− 3
ଵ
d) The region where( – ݔ− > )ݕ0 and ଶ < ݔ− ( ݕ+ 1)
a) The region bounded by the inequalities 2 < ݕ3 ݔ− 1, – > ݕ2 ݔ− 10 and
3 ݔ > ݕ+ 2
b) The equations of the lines that pass through each of the following pairs of points
d) Show in your diagram and by substitution into the inequalities that the point (3,2)
lies within the triangle.
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Exercise 3
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Chapter 4: Linear Functions & Lines Exercise 3: Distance & Midpoints
ହ ଷ ଵ
1) Find the distance between the b) ( ଶ , ଶ ) and ( 6 , ଶ )
following pairs of points. Leave
answer in surd form if necessary. c) ଵ ଷ
( 0 , − ଶ ) and ( ଶ , 4 )
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Chapter 4: Linear Functions & Lines Exercise 3: Distance & Midpoints
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ
e) (2,2) and (-1,1) f) ( ଶ , ଶ ) and ( − ଶ
,− ଶ)
7) Find the perpendicular distance from
f) (1,1) and (-3,3) each line to the point given
6) Find the midpoints of the line a) = ݕ2 ݔ+ 2 and the point
segments joining the following pairs (1,2)
of points
ଵ ଵ ଷ
b) 3 ݕ− = ݔ1 and the point
a) ( ଶ , ଶ ) and ( ଶ , 0) (-1,3)
ହ ଷ ଵ
b) ( ଶ , ଶ ) and ( 6 , ଶ ) c) = ݕ− ݔand the point (2,0)
c) ଵ ଷ
( 0 , − ଶ ) and ( ଶ , 4 ) d) 2 ݕ+ ݔ− 2 = 0 and the point
(-2,1)
ଷ ଵ
d) (− , ) and (2, -2) ଵ
ଶ ଶ
e) ଶ
ݔ = ݕ− 2 and the point
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ (1,-1)
e) ( ଶ , − ଶ ) and ( − , )
ଶ ଶ
8) Draw the line segment (A) connecting the points (1, 2) and (3, 8). Also draw the line
segment (B) connecting the points (-2,-10) and (1,-1). Find the midpoint of each line
segment, the length of each line segment, and the equation of the line joining the
midpoint of A to the midpoint of B.
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Quadratic
Polynomials
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Useful formulae and hints
Completing the square puts an equation into the form
ݔ ( = ݕ+ ܽ) ଶ + ܾ
The determinant of a function of the form ݔܽ = ݕଶ + ܾ ݔ+ ܿis
Det = ܾଶ − 4ܽܿ
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 1: Graphical Representation of Properties
e) ݔ = ݕଶ − 4 ݔ+ 3
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 1: Graphical Representation of Properties
5)
a) From your previous answers, what is the relationship between the solutions to a
quadratic equation and the point(s) where the graph of the equation intersects
the x axis?
b) From your previous answers, what is the relationship between the solutions to an
inequality and the graph of the equation?
6) By graphing the quadratic equations determine which values of ݔmakes the following
inequalities true
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 2: Identities& Determinants
ହ
f) = ݕ3ݔଶ + 5 ݔ− ସ
c) (1,3) (-2,18) (-1,9)
g) ସ
ݔଶ − ଷ ݔ−
ଵ
ଷ
d) (2,-2) (-1,9) (0,6)
ଵ
i) − 2ݔଶ − 6 ݔ− 5 f) ( ଶ,-1) (1,0) (2,6)
ଷ ଽ
2) Express each of the following in the g) (2,4) ( ଶ , ସ ) (-3,9)
form ݔ(ݔܣ− 1) + ݔܤ+ ;ܥ
where: ܽ = ܣ, ܿ = ܥ, ܽ݊݀ = ܤ h) (1,2) (-2,20) (0,2)
(ܽ + ܾ)
ଵ
i) (1,-5) (2,7) ( ଶ, -8)
a) ଶ
ݔ = ݕ+ 5 ݔ+ 6
ଵ
b) ݔ = ݕଶ − 2 ݔ+ 8
j) (1,64) (-1,4) ( ଷ , 36)
e) = ݕ4ݔଶ + 3 ݔ− 5
a) ݔସ + ݔଶ − 6 = 0
f) ݔ = ݕଶ
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 2: Identities& Determinants
b) ݔ− 4ݔଷ + 4 = 0
c) 4ݔସ + 2ݔଶ − 8 = 0
e) ( ݔ+ 2) ଶ = 4ݔଶ + 1
f) ( ݔ− 3) ଶ + 2 = ( ݔ+ 1) ଶ − 1
g) ( ݔ− 4) ଶ − 12 = ݔ+ 1
h) 4௫ − 2(2) ௫ + 1 = 0
i) 16௫ − 5(4) ௫ + 6 = 0
j) 81௫ − 4(3) ଶ௫ + 3 = 0
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Exercise 3
Equations of Parabolas
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 3: Equations of Parabolas
ଵ
b) Focus at (0,ଶ), axis = ݔ0, d) Focus at (0,3), axis = ݔ0,
directrix = ݕ−
ଵ directrix = ݕ− 1
ଶ
ଵ
d) Focus at (1,ଶ), axis = ݔ1, a) ݔ = ݕଶ
ଵ
directrix = ݕ− ଶ
b) ݔ = ݕଶ + 4
3) Find the equations of the parabolas
defined by the given focus, axis and c) ݔ = ݕଶ − 3 ݔ+ 2
directrix.
d) = ݕ2ݔଶ + 3 ݔ− 2
a) Focus at (0,-4), axis = ݔ0,
ଵ ଶ ଵ
directrix = ݕ6 e) =ݕ ଶ
ݔ − ସݔ+ 1
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Chapter 5: Quadratic Polynomials Exercise 3: Equations of Parabolas
f) = ݕ4ݔଶ − 6 ݔ+ 2
6) Find the general equation of the parabola with axis = ݔ2, and vertex at the point (2, ݕ)
by considering the values of ݕto be
a) -1
b) -4
c) 1
d) 0
e) 3
ଵ
f) ଶ
7) Find the general equation of the parabola with axis = ݔ− 3, having a focal length of A by
considering the values of A to be
a) 2
b) 4
c) 1
d) -3
e) 0
f) -2
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Plane Geometry
73
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Useful formulae and hints
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Exercise 1
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
1) From the diagram below, give examples of the following pairs of angles
a) Vertically opposite
b) Alternate interior
c) Corresponding
d) Co-interior
e) Alternate exterior
B C
A D E
F
G
2) Identify which diagrams show parallel and which show non parallel lines; give reasons for
your answers
a)
70°
70°
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
b)
110° 70°
70°
c)
80°
110°
d)
100°
70°
3) For each of the diagrams below, state which of the lines A, B and C are parallel to each
other, giving reasons for your answers. Assume that the transversals are parallel to each
other
a)
120°
60°
B
60°
A
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
b)
70°
C
60°
B
60°
c)
130°
C
50°
B
50°
d)
100° 60°
C
B
60°
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
a)
ݔ°
b)
ݔ°
38°
c)
ݔ°
2ݔ°
51°
d) 5ݔ°
4ݔ°
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
e)
3ݔ°
7ݔ°
2ݔ°
f)
70°
ݔ°
5)
a) Find the size of an interior angle of a regular pentagon
c) What is the sum of the external angles of a regular nonagon (Taking one angle per
vertex only)?
a) AB || CD
A
60° 40°
ݔ° D
B
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 1: Angles Formed by Transversals
b)
110° ݔ°
ݔ° 80°
c) AB || CD
A B
50°
ݔ°
C D
ݔ°
d) AB || CD
AD BC
AD = AC
55°
A
B
ݔ°
C D
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Exercise 2
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 2: Similarity & Congruency
1) Determine if each pair of triangles is similar. If so, state the similarity conditions met
a) B E
13°
112°
55°
D F
A
C
112°
b)
A B
8cm
10cm
C
25cm
20cm
D E
A
c) AB || DC
80°
80°
D
B C E
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 2: Similarity & Congruency
d)
S
V
ଶ
30cm 5cm 6 cm
ଷ
20cm
W
U 10cm
R 15cm T
e)
30cm
A B
12cm
16cm
C
40cm
30cm
D 77.5cm E
f)
B
A
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 2: Similarity & Congruency
2) A tower casts a shadow of 40 metres, whilst a 4 metre pole nearby casts a shadow of 32
metres. How tall is the tower?
3) A pole casts a 4 metre shadow, whilst a man standing near the pole casts a shadow of 0.5
metres. If the man is 2 metres tall, how tall is the pole?
4) A ladder of length 1.2 metres reaches 4 metres up a wall when placed on a safe angle on
the ground. How long should a ladder be if it needs to reach 10 metres up the wall, and
be placed on the same safe angle?
5) A man stands 2.5 metres away from a camera lens, and the film is 1.25 centimetres from
the lens (the film is behind the lens). If the man is 2 metres tall how tall is his image on
the film?
3 cm 4 cm
3 cm ݔ 4 cm
10 cm
7) State which of the following pairs of triangles are congruent, and the reasons for their
congruency
a)
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 2: Similarity & Congruency
b)
c)
d)
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 2: Similarity & Congruency
e)
f)
g)
88
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Exercise 3
Pythagoras’ Theorem
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 3: Pythagoras’ Theorem
a)
3 cm ݔcm
4 cm
b)
8 cm ݔcm
6 cm
c)
6 cm ݔcm
9 cm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 3: Pythagoras’ Theorem
d)
ݔcm 12cm
22 cm
e)
13.5 cm
ݔcm
6 cm
f)
11.5 cm
7.5cm
ݔcm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 3: Pythagoras’ Theorem
a)
ݔcm 13cm
12 cm
b)
7 cm 25 cm
ݔcm
c)
11 cm 25cm
ݔcm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 3: Pythagoras’ Theorem
d)
10 cm
ݔcm
e)
ݔcm
12 cm
f)
ݔcm
4 cm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 3: Pythagoras’ Theorem
3) A man walks 5 km east then turns and walks 8 km south. How far is the shortest distance
to his starting position?
4) A ladder 2 meters long is placed against a wall and reaches 1.5 meters up the wall. How
far is the foot of the ladder from the base of the wall?
5) A farmer wishes to place a brace across the diagonal of a rectangular gate that is 1.8
metres long and 0.6 metres wide. How long will the brace be?
6) A square room measures 11.7 metres from corner to corner. How wide is it?
7) The size of television sets are stated in terms of the diagonal distance across the screen.
If the screen of a set is 40 cm long and 30 cm wide, how should it be advertised?
8) A student has two choices when walking to school. From point A, he can walk 400
metres, then turn 90° and walk a further 200 metres to point B (school), or he can walk
across the field that runs directly from A to B. How much further does he have to walk if
he takes the path instead of the field?
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Exercise 4
Area Calculations
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 4: Area Calculations
a)
6cm
10cm
b)
5cm
3cm 8cm
c)
10cm
7cm
d)
10cm
5cm
4cm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 4: Area Calculations
e) Perimeter = 12 cm
a)
6 cm
4 cm
2cm 12 cm
b)
22 cm
8 cm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 4: Area Calculations
15 cm
8 cm
2 cm
d)
3 cm
3) A badge is in the shape of an equilateral triangle with a perimeter of 18cm. What is the
area of the badge?
4) A rhombus has one diagonal measuring 8cm and the other measuring 6cm. What is its
area?
5) What height must an isosceles triangle of base 2cm be in order to have an area the same
as an equilateral triangle of side length 4cm?
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 4: Area Calculations
a)
6cm
4cm
b) 8cm
6cm
20cm
c)
14cm
8cm
30cm
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Chapter 6: Plane Geometry Exercise 4: Area Calculations
8 cm
2cm
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Year 11 Unit 2
Mathematics
Derivative of a
Function
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Useful formulae and hints
A function f is continuous at a point a if the following conditions
are satisfied.
o f(a) is defined
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Exercise 1
Continuity
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Chapter 7: Derivative of a Function Exercise 1: Continuity
ଵ
1) Graph the following functions in the 4) Let ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ, ݃(= )ݔ ଵି௫ ,
, ℎ(= )ݔ
domain − 3 ≤ ≤ ݔ3 ୡ୭ୱ௫
, ݔ = )ݔ(ݎଷ − 1
௫
State whether the following
a) ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ functions are continuous, and give
reasons
b) ݂( = )ݔ2 ݔ+ 3
ଵ
ଵ
a) ݇(ݔ = )ݔଶ + ଵି௫
c) ݂(= )ݔ ଵା௫
ୡ୭ୱ௫
ଵ
b) ݇(ݔ = )ݔଶ − ௫
d) ݂(= )ݔ
√௫
c) ݇(ݔ = )ݔଶ(ݔଷ − 1)
௫మିଵ
e) ݂(= )ݔ ௫ାଵ
ଵ ୡ୭ୱ௫
d) ݇(= )ݔ ଵି௫
+ ௫
ଵ
f) ݂(= )ݔ ଶି௫
ଵ
e) ݇(= )ݔ ଵି௫
− ݔଶ
2) Using your graphs in question 1 as a
guide, state whether functions are ௫యିଵ
f) ݇(= )ݔ ଵି௫
continuous or discontinuous over the
domain. Give mathematical proof ୡ୭ୱ௫
g) ݇(= )ݔ ௫
+ (ݔଷ − 1)
ଶ
a) ݂(= )ݔ ௫మି௫
௫ାଵ
b) ݂(= )ݔ ௫ାଷ
ଵ
d) ݂(= )ݔ ௫మିଵ
|௫|
e) ݂(= )ݔ ௫
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Exercise 2
Secant to a Curve
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Chapter 7: Derivative of a Function Exercise 2: Secant to a Curve
a) (-4,16)
4) Calculate and hence construct a table
of the limits of the gradient of the
b) (-3,9) secant to the function ݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ at
the following points
c) (-2,4)
a) (-1,1)
d) (-1,1)
b) (2,4)
e) (0,0)
c) (-4,16)
ଵ ଵ
f) ቀଶ , ସቁ
d) (3,9)
ଷ ଽ
g) ቀଶ , ସቁ
e) (10,100)
h) (2,4)
5) Formulate a rule for the value of the
gradient of the secant to the curve
i) (3,9)
݂(ݔ = )ݔଶ at any point
j) (4,16)
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Exercise 3
Methods of Differentiation
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Chapter 7: Derivative of a Function Exercise 3: Methods of Differentiation
ଵ
3) Graph each of the functions from c) ݂(= ) మ
question 1 and their derivatives (use
the same graph for each function ଵ
d) ݂(= )ݐ
√௧
and derivative)
ଵ
4) ௗ௬
Find ௗ௫ for each of the following
e) ݂(ܽ) = √ܽ +
functions
f) య
݂( ݔ√ = )ݔ− ିݔଵ
a) ݔ = ݕଶ
b) ݔ = ݕଶ − 2 ݔ+ 12
c) = ݕ2ݔଶ − 2ݔ
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Chapter 7: Derivative of a Function Exercise 3: Methods of Differentiation
a) ݔଶ൫√ݔ൯
ଵ
b) ௫
(2 ݔ− 3)
ଵ
c) ௫మ
(ݔଶ − 4)
ଵ
d) 2ିݔଵ ቀଶ ݔଷቁ
ଷ௫
e) ଶ
(2ݔଶ − 1)
௫మ ଵ
f) ସ
ቀݔଶ − ସ ݔቁ
a) ݂(ݔ( = )ݔଶ − 2) ଶ
b) ݂(ݐ( = )ݐଶ + 1) ିଵ
ାଵ
c) ݂(ܽ) = ିଷ
௫యିସ௫ାଶ
d) ݃(= )ݔ ௫
ଵ
e) ℎ(= )ݖ (௫మିଵ)మ
௫మ
f) ݂(= )ݔ ௫ିଶ
g) ݂(ݔ√ = )ݔଶ − 3
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