Mode of Syntoms Treatment Preventio Epidemolog

Transmission n y

1.Pulmonary 1.Early symptoms of 1. The 1.With

Tuberculosis active TB can include antimycobacteri proper TB
weight loss, fever, al rifapentine treatment
TB is primarily an night sweats, and (Priftin), which someone
airborne disease. The loss of appetite. was previously with TB
bacteria are spread Symptoms may be approved for will very
from person to person
vague, however, and use against quickly
in tiny microscopic
go unnoticed by the active not be
droplets when a TB
sufferer coughs, affected person. For pulmonary TB infectious
sneezes, speaks, sings, some, the disease caused by and so can
or laughs. Only people either goes into Mycobacterium no longer
with active TB can remission (halts) or tuberculosis, spread the
spread the disease to becomes chronic and has now been disease to
others. more debilitating approved by the others.
with cough, chest US Food and The
2. Swine Flu pain, and bloody Drug second
Transmission sputum (saliva). Administration main part
(FDA) for use, in of TB
Swine influenza 2. fever; cough, sore
combination preventio
(novel H1N1 and throat, watery eyes,
with isoniazid, n is to
H3N2v) spreads from body aches,
in the treatment prevent
person to person, shortness of breath,
either by inhaling the of latent TB people
headache, weight
virus or by touching infection. with latent
loss, chills, sneezing,
surfaces contaminated 2. TB from
runny nose,
with the virus, then developin
touching the mouth or coughing, dizziness,
2. g active,
nose. Infected abdominal pain, lack
3. There is no and
droplets are expelled of appetite and
prescription infectious,
into the air through fatigue. The 2009
coughing or sneezing. medication to TB
outbreak has shown
H3N2v does not treat measles. disease.
an increased
spread as easily from The virus and
percentage of 2.
person to person as symptoms
H1N1. This poor patients reporting
typically
transmission rate is diarrhea and
disappear within
likely why there have vomiting as well.
two to three
been so few
individuals infected 3. Fever. weeks.
with H3N2v. However, your
Dry cough. doctor may
3.Measles is Runny nose. recommend:
transmitted primarily Sore throat. acetaminophen
from person to to relieve fever
person by large Inflamed eyes and muscle
respiratory droplets (conjunctivitis) aches.
but can also spread Tiny white spots 4. Early food-
by the airborne with bluish-white borne, pediatric,
route as aerosolized
droplet nuclei. centers on a red and wound
Infected people are background found botulism can be
usually contagious inside the mouth on treated with
from 4 days before the inner lining of effective
until 4 days after the cheek — also antitoxin types
rash onset. called Koplik's spots. to block the
action of the
4.Botulism 4. Foodborne neurotoxin.
botulism Botulism
Clostridium
neurotoxin is
botulinum. Difficulty swallowing
Foodborne botulism listed as a
or speaking,Dry potential
is acquired by the mouth,Facial
ingestion of biological
weakness on both
inadequately cooked weapon.
sides of the
food or processed or face,Blurred or Botulism
refrigerated foods in double neurotoxin is
which toxin has vision,Drooping used in dilute
formed, particularly eyelids,Trouble concentration to
canned and alkaline breathingNausea, treat medical
foods. Sources of vomiting and and cosmetic
spores include soil abdominal conditions.
and foods such as cramps,paralysis 5.
honey.
6. Antibiotics
Wound botulism generally aren't
recommended
Difficulty swallowing because they
5.Campylobacteriosi
or speaking,Facial can increase the
s weakness on both risk of serious
,sides of the
Infection occurs most complications. If
face,Blurred or
commonly by the you have a
double
ingestion of the vision,Drooping serious E. coli
organism via eyelids,Trouble infection that
contaminated food or breathing,Paralysis has caused
water, particularly hemolytic
raw or undercooked uremic
5. The onset of
meats (especially syndrome, you'll
disease symptoms
poultry) or raw milk,
usually occurs two to be hospitalized
and from contact with
five days after and given
pets (especially
infection with the supportive care,
puppies and kittens),
bacteria, but can including IV
range from one to
farm animals and ten days. The most fluids, blood
infected infants. common clinical transfusions and
symptoms of kidney dialysis
6.E. coli Campylobacter 7. Hepatitis A
infections include Treatment.
It is transmitted to diarrhoea There are no
humans primarily (frequently with
specific
through consumption blood in the faeces),
medicines to
of contaminated abdominal pain,
fever, headache, cure infection
foods, such as raw or
undercooked ground nausea, and/or with hepatitis A.
meat products, raw vomiting. Most people
milk and require no
contaminated raw 6. abdominal treatment
vegetables and cramping,sudden, except to relieve
sprouts. severe watery symptoms.
diarrhea that may However, if
7.Hepatitis A change to bloody symptoms
stools,gas,loss of become severe
virus is transmitted appetite/nausea, or dehydration
primarily by the develops, the
faecal-oral route; that Vomiting, person should
is when an uninfected
seek medical
person ingests food (uncommon) care
or water that has
emergently.
been contaminated Fatigue,fever.
with the faeces of an 8. Treatment.
infected person. There is no
specific
8.Norovirus medicine to
7. Hepatitis A
Infection treat people
signs and
symptoms, which with norovirus
Norovirus is the typically don't illness.
leading cause of appear until Norovirus
illness and you've had the infection cannot
outbreaks from virus for a few be treated with
contaminated food weeks, may antibiotics
in the United States. include: because it is a
Most of these viral (not a
outbreaks occur in Fatigue,Nausea and bacterial)
the food service vomiting,Abdomin infection. If you
settings like al pain or have norovirus
restaurants. Infected discomfort, illness, you
food workers are especially in the should drink
frequently the area of your liver plenty of liquids
source of the on your right side to replace fluid
outbreaks, often by beneath your lower
touching ready-to- ribs,Clay-colored lost from
eat foods, such as bowel throwing up and
raw fruits and movements,Loss of diarrhea.
vegetables, with appetite,Low-grade 9. Symptoms of
their bare hands fever. salmonellosis
before serving them. include
However, any food 8. diarrhea, fever,
served raw or Nausea,Vomiting. and abdominal
handled after being cramps. They
cooked can get Abdominal pain or develop 12 to
contaminated with cramps.
72 hours after
norovirus.
infection, and
Watery or loose
the illness
Norovirus outbreaks diarrhea,Malaise.
can also occur from usually lasts 4 to
foods, such as Low-grade fever. 7 days. Most
oysters, fruits, and people recover
vegetables, that are Muscle pain. without
contaminated at treatment. But
their source. 9. Symptoms of diarrhea and
salmonellosis include dehydration
diarrhea, fever, and may be so
abdominal cramps. severe that it is
9. Salmonellosis They develop 12 to necessary to go
Transmission is 72 hours after to the hospital.
usually person-to- infection, and the 10. Replacing lost
person or animal-to- illness usually lasts 4 fluids from
person via the faecal– to 7 days. Most
diarrhea may be
oral route, through people recover
all the
ingestion of the without treatment.
But diarrhea and treatment you
organisms via
dehydration may be need,
contaminated or
improperly cooked so severe that it is particularly if
foods. Foodborne necessary to go to your general
transmission occurs the hospital. health is good
particularly with: raw and your
and undercooked 10. Frequent bouts shigella
eggs and egg of watery diarrhea infection is mild.
products. are the main Avoid drugs
symptom of intended to
10.Shigellosis shigellosis. treat diarrhea,
Abdominal
such as
Organisms are spread cramping, nausea,
loperamide
through the fecal-oral and vomiting may
also occur. Many (Imodium) or
route, and
people who have atropine
transmission is
shigellosis also have (Lomotil),
typically through one
of three mechanisms: either blood or because they
ingestion of mucus in their stool, can make your
contaminated foods and they may run a condition
(washed with fecally fever. Symptoms worse.
contaminated water, usually begin within 11. Acetaminophen
or handled with poor 3 days of coming in may be used to
hygiene, commonly in contact with Shigella.
treat fever and
tossed salads,
relieve other
chicken, and 11. Sudden, high
shellfish)(2); drinking symptoms.
fever.
contaminated. Aspirin,
Severe headaches. nonsteroidal
11. Dengue fever. is Pain behind the anti-
transmitted by the eyes. inflammatory
bite of an infective Severe joint and drugs (NSAIDs),
female Anopheles muscle pain. and
mosquito. Fatigue. corticosteroids
Transfusion of blood Nausea. should be
from infected persons Vomiting. avoided.
Skin rash, which Management of
and use of
appears two to five severe dengue
contaminated needles
days after the onset requires careful
and syringes are
of fever. attention to
other potential
modes of fluid
transmission. management
12. a high
Congenital and proactive
temperature (fever)
transmission of that is usually treatment of
malaria may also between 38C and hemorrhage.
occur. 40C (100.4-104-F) 12. Leptospirosis is
usually treated
12. Leptospirosis. The with a course of
Chills,sudden
infection may also be antibiotics,
headaches,nausea
transmitted through and vomiting,loss although their
direct contact with of appetite,muscle effectiveness
urine or tissues of pain, particularly has not been
infected animals, or affecting the conclusively
by inhalation of muscles in the proven. Most
aerosols of calves and lower cases of
contaminated fluids, back. leptospirosis are
such as may occur in mild and are
abattoirs. Ingestion of 13. poor treated with a
foods contaminated appetite,abdominal five to seven-
with urine of infected pain,headaches, day course of
rats is an occasional antibiotic
route of infection. tablets.
13. Typhoid Fever. The generalized aches Penicillin or a
bacteria that cause and pains; tetracycline
typhoid fever spread antibiotic called
through contaminated fever, often up to doxycycline are
food or water and
104 F; the preferred
occasionally through
direct contact with choices.
someone who is lethargy (usually 13. Treatment at
infected. In developing only if untreated); home. If typhoid
nations, where typhoid
fever is endemic, most fever is
cases result from
intestinal bleeding diagnosed in its
contaminated drinking or perforation (after early stages, a
water and poor two to three weeks
course of
of the disease);
.
sanitation antibiotic
tablets may be
diarrhea or
14. Malaria is prescribed for
constipation.
transmitted by the you. Most
bite of an infective 14. shaking chills people need to
female Anopheles that can range from take these for 7
mosquito. moderate to to 14 days.
Transfusion of blood severe,high fever Some strains of
from infected persons the Salmonella
and use of profuse sweating. typhi bacteria
contaminated needles that cause
and syringes are headache. typhoid fever
other potential have developed
modes of nausea. a resistance to
transmission. one or more
Congenital vomiting. types of
transmission of antibiotics.
malaria may also diarrhea. 14. Patients who
occur. have severe P.
anemia. falciparum
15. Cholera is the
malaria or who
causative agent 15. Cholera cannot take oral
responsible for infection is often
medications
cholera. It is a bean- mild or without
symptoms, but can should be given
shaped bacterium
sometimes be the treatment
with a long tail that it
severe. by continuous
uses for self-
Approximately one intravenous
propulsion. The
in ten (5-10%) infusion. Most
bacteria are
infected persons will drugs used in
transmitted between
have severe disease treatment are
humans through the
characterized by active against
fecal-oral route; a bite profuse watery the parasite
of contaminated food diarrhea, vomiting,
or a sip of and leg cramps. In forms in the
contaminated water these people, rapid blood (the form
can cause infection. loss of body fluids that causes
leads to dehydration disease) and
and shock. include:
chloroquine.
atovaquone-
proguanil
(Malarone®)
15. Cholera requires
immediate
treatment
because the
disease can
cause death
within hours.
Rehydration.
The goal is to
replace lost
fluids and
electrolytes
using a simple
rehydration
solution, oral
rehydration
salts (ORS). The
ORS solution is
available as a
powder that can
be reconstituted
in boiled or
bottled water.