EXPERIMENT 3

WHICH SUBTANCES CONDUCT ELECTRICITY ?

Lecture : Pn. Nursafura binti Abd Manaf

Class : UMK D
Date :
Members :
Nur Farzana binti Mohd Zainuddin KS1256200273
Nadhattunnissaa’ binti Bashiron KS1256200210
Husna Athirah binti Hasaruddin KS1256200369
Nur Diyanah binti Abd Jalin KS1256200706

OBJECTIVES
 1. To determine the conductivity of a substance.
2. To determine whether the electrolytes ionize in aqueous solution.
3. To differ the solution either as electrolyte or non-electrolyte solution.

INTRODUCTION
Electrolytes is any salt or ionisable molecule that, when its dissolved in a aqueous
solution, will give that solution the ability to conduct electricity. This is because its
dissociated ions can move freely in solution, allowing a charge to flow. Non-electrolytes are
compounds that does not ionize at all in aqueous solution. As a result, the solutions
containing non-electrolytes will not conduct electricity.
Covalent bond is a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared
between them. Ionic bond is a chemical link between two atoms caused by the electrostatic
force between oppositely-charged ions in an onic compound
PROCEDURE
1. The carbon electrodes need to be fixed in some sort of support-such as polythene holder
or large rubber bung-so that, there is no possibility of the electrodes being allowed to
short-cicrcuit.The electrodes need to be fixed in such a way as to fit inside the crucible
supplied

2. A light bulb has more visual impact , but an ammeter can be used instead.

3. Sulfur is a non metallic element and is a good substance to have included in the
list .But there is a strong likelihood of it catching fire, with sulfur dioxide
(Toxic,Corrosive) given off.Sulfur fires hard to extinguish.If it happens ,cover the
vessel with a damp cloth and leave in place untill cool.If there is time ,sulfur can be
done as a teacher demonstration.Heat a small sample of 'flower of sulfur' very,very
slowly .Sulfur is a very poor conductor of heat, and localised heating is likely to cause
it to start burning!

4. Set the apparatus as above

 5. .Put the pottasium iodide into the crucible

6. Test the pottasium iodide with carbon rod that connect to power supply

8. Use the aquous sotion of pottasium iodide and heat it

 9. Test the pottasium iodide with the carbon rod that connected to the power supply

10. Repeat the experiment using another substance which are Plumbum,Zinc
Chloride,Phenylsalicylate,Sulfur,Wax,Polythene,Sugar,Copper,Carbon.
OBSERVATION

( Reading of ammeter / bulb )

Substance

Solid Molten

KI Unchange 0.4 A

Pb Not light up X

ZnCl Not light up Not light up

Phenylsalicylate Unchanged Unchanged

Sulfur Not light up X

Wax Unchanged X

Polythene Unchanged X

Sugar Unchanged Unchanged

Carbon rod - -

Copper 1.00A X
CONCLUSION
From the experiment, it is apparent that subtances that contain metal and ionic
solutions have the ability to conduct electricity. These subtances are considered electrolytic
because when heated the contents separate into anions and cations that flow throughout and
attracted by the polar water molecules. When solid ionic compound exist as complicated
crystal lattices. But when molten the ions in the lattice are free to move. These ions are
dispersed throughout, there are free electrons that have the ability to conduct electricity.
These electrolytic solutions were classified as either being either strong or weak depending
on the voltage of light that was radiated off of the light bulb.