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Dr.M.S.R Murthy
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, ATRI, Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
drmsrmurthy@gmail.com
Abstract— This paper describes a novel control algorithm compensation. The PLL should respond effectively in
based on single-phase SOGI (Second Order Generalized distorted load conditions by detecting the phase angle and
Integrator) PLL (Phase Locked Loop) for a three-phase four- amplitude at a faster rate. In recent days, Non-linear loads
wire DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator). The are increased extensively at the utility end and causing
proposed DSTATCOM performs various functions such as load
power quality problems at the PCC in the supply system
balancing, harmonic mitigation, reactive power compensation
[1].
and neutral current compensation under distorted load
conditions. This control algorithm extracts the fundamental These nonlinear loads include diode bridge rectifiers,
component of the load currents for estimating the reference variable speed drives, thyristor converters and variable
currents based on three single-phase SOGI-PLLs. The main power supplies [3]. Harmonics play a major role in the
objective of the controller is to reduce the overall complexity power quality problems at the consumer end and shunt
and computational burden. SOGI-PLL is enhancing the active power filter is the crucial tool in mitigating
capability of reference current tracking for compensation harmonics and also other PQ issues [2] [4]. Various
under the step changes in load currents. During the design researchers have discussed numerous control techniques
procedure, the effects of load unbalancing and sudden
for estimation of reference components to mitigate PQ
increase/decrease in loads are also taken into account and
problems using a three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM. The
performance is found satisfactory. The effectiveness of the
design is simulated and shown using MATLAB/Simulink. neutral current should not be more than 20% of the full
load current [5]-[6]. Several PLL techniques have been
Index Terms— Second Order Generalized Integrator, Phase introduced for detecting the amplitude and phase angle for
-Locked Loop, DSTATCOM, Load balancing, Power Quality grid-connected systems. A three phase Synchronous
(PQ). Reference Frame PLL gives satisfactory performance
under ideal conditions but poor performance under
I. INTRODUCTION distortion [7]. The DFT (Digital Fourier Transform) and
FFICIENT phase tracking capability for utility grid RDFT (Recursive Digital Fourier Transform) are
E voltage is the important factor in converters for
custom power applications. The reference component
frequency domain approaches that suffer from high
computational burden but widely used owing to accuracy
generated from the phase-locked loop decides the [8]-[10]. Josep M. Guerrero and Saeed Golestan have been
performance of the converters for compensating power deeply analyzed the structures of two different PLLs
quality problems such as load unbalance, harmonic namely SOGI and Park PLL [11]. The LPN-PLL and Pre-
mitigation, high neutral current and reactive power filtered SRF PLL was excellent under steady-state and
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v 2 sa (5)
V ' ta = 2( ) ,
2
v 2 sb (6)
V ' tb = 2( )
2
v 2 sc (7)
Fig. 2 Block Diagram of PLL. V ' tc = 2( )
2
Using the proposed method, the input IL if filtered leading Where, (vsa, vsb, and vsc) are the phase voltages and
to two waveforms ( I Lα and I Lβ ) because of the resonant Vta’, Vtb’, Vtc’ are the constant value amplitudes.
frequency. The gain k decides the level of filtering and the The In-phase unit templates of PCC voltages are estimated
filter band pass becomes narrower and dynamic response as:
will become slower with the decrease in k. Park vsa v v
ua = ; ub = sb ; uc = sc ` (8)
transformation is used to convert αβ to dq. Vta Vtb Vtc
cos θˆ sin θˆ (4) Quadrature unit templates of PCC voltages are estimated
T =
ˆ ˆ
− sin θ cos θ as:
To attenuate the high igh frequency noises, the
wa =
(− ub + uc ) , w =
(3ua + ub − uc ) ,
transformation output ILq is passed through a Proportional b
3 2 3 (9)
– Integral (PI) controller. The fundamental frequency (W ( ff)
is added to the PI control signal and then it is integrated to wc =
(− 3ua + ub − uc )
generate the estimated phase angle θˆ . In order
o to get a 2 3
balanced set of in-quadrature
quadrature outputs with exact The amplitude of the PCC voltage is estimated as:
amplitudes, the SOGI frequency must be equal to the input
fundamental frequency. 2(v 2 sa + v 2 sb + v 2 sc )
v' t = (10)
B. Estimation of Unit Voltage Templates 3
The basic equations for estimation of the different control This amplitude ( v't ) is supplied to the low pass filter to
signals are shown below. The three phase source voltages reduce the ripples and to attain the amplitude of the
may be unbalanced or consists of harmonics and those are fundamental positive-sequence
sequence voltages for controlling the
processed through filters to eliminate the noise and PCC voltages. These unit vector templates are now used to
harmonics. The individual phases are estimated through extract the active and reactive components of currents.
squaring them and then processed through filters as
follows [16].
(a)
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i sbq = w b (I qh + I cq ) (27)
i scq = w c (I qh + I cq ) (28)
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ILabc
0
0
-40 100
Fundamental (50Hz) = 35.83 , THD= 25.22%
Mag (% of Fundamental)
80
40
60
0
-40 40
40 0
0 5 10 15 20
Harmonic Order
0
-40 40
20
Isabc
Load Current ILc 0
40 -20
0 -40
-40 2.4 2.42 2.44
Injected Current Ica Icb Icc Time (s)
40
Mag (% of Fundamental)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 40.19 , THD= 1.73%
0 100
-40
Nuetral Current Isn ILn
40 50
0
-40
Dc Link Voltage Vdc 0
800 0 5 10 15 20
700 Harmonic order
600
1.9 1.95 2 2.05 2.1 2.15 2.2 2.25 2.3 Fig. 8. Harmonic Spectrum of ‘a’-ph of Load
Time (sec) Current and Source Current
Fig. 7 Performance of DSTATCOM under unbalanced and varying nonlinear loads
50
-50
1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
20 20 60
40
20
0 0
0
-20
Fig. 9 Results presenting the zero crossing of source voltage and source current at various load levels
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[5] Nagesh Geddada, Srinivas Bhaskar Karanki , Mahesh K. Mishra, [19] Bhim Singh, and Sabha Raj Arya and Chinmay Jain “Simple peak
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