UNIT 2 Bhs Inggris Teknik Mesin Unimed

FAKULTAS TEKNIK - UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

Website Fakultas: http://ft.unimed.ac.id
UNIT 2
A. Language of measurement : Basic metric units
Study the diagrams and memorize the examples.

Linear dimensions. A linear dimension is one which we can measure in a straight line
a) Length
We can describe the length of this bar below in four ways:
3 meter
The bar is three metres long
The bar is three metres in length
The bar has a length of three metres
The length of the bar is three metres
b) Width or breadth
We can describe the width or bredth of this driving belt in four ways :
The belt is sixty millimetres wide/broad

The belt is sixty millimetres in width/breadth
The belt has a width/breadth of sixty metres
The width/breadth of the belt is sixty metres
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B. Language of measurement : DERIVED METRIC UNITS
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VECTORS
READING AND COMPREHENSION
1
We deal with many different physical quantities in engineering. 2 They can be devided into two
groups – scalar and vector quantities. 3 Both have size or magnitude, but only vector quantities possess
direction. 4 Mass, volume and length are scalar quantities. 5 Force, which we measure in newtons,
possesses magnitude and direction. 6 Force, then, is vector quantity. 7 Other examples are acceleration
and velocity.
8
Any vector quantity can be represented by a vector. 9 The straight line a-b in the diagram is a
vector which represents a force. 10 If we calculate its length we find that it is proportional to the
magnitude of the force. 11 The direction of the line indicates the direction of the force. 12 The line is
vertical because the direction of the force it represents is vertical. 13 It is important also to know in
what sense of direction the force is acting. 14 The arrow-head on the line shows that the sense of
direction of the force is upwards
b
10 N
1. There are two physical quantities in engineering

Solution :
We deal with many different physical quantities in engineering (1)
i.e. There are many physical quantities in engineering
 There are MORE THAN TWO physical quantities in engineering
Make the solution for the statement belows:
2. Scalar quantities have magnitude

3. Acceleration has direction
4. There are only three vector quantities in engineering.
5. We van use a vector to represent velocity
6. The straight line a-b in the diagram is a force.
7. The arrow-head on line a-b shows that the force is acting in a vertical direction.
8. The longer than line a-b, the greater the force it represents.
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UNIT 2
Rephrasing
Rewrite the following, replacing the words printed in italics and under line with expressions from the
passage which have a similiar meaning .
1. We calculate mass in kilogrammes

2. The arrow-head indicates the sense of direction of the force.
3. Scalar quantities have magnitude but not direction
4. The direction of the line shows the direction of the force.
5. The size of the force is 10 N.
Contextual reference
1) In sentence 2 , ‘they’ refers to a) physical quantities
b) two groups
2) In sentence 3, ‘both’ refers to a) scalar and vector quantities
b) physical quantities
3) In sentence 10, ‘it’ refers to a) the length
b) the force
4) In sentence 10, ‘its’ refers to a) the force’s
b) the line’s
5) In sentence 12, ‘it’ refers to a) the force
b) the line
Relationships between statements

Place the following expressions in the sentences indicated. Replace and re-order the words in the
sentences where necessary.
Example although ( 3 )
Both have size or magnitude, but only vector quantities possess direction
Although both have size or magnitude, only vector quantities possess direction
a) examples of ( 4)
b) therefore ( 6 )
c) for example ( 9 )
d) in addition ( 11 )
e) thus ( 12 )
f) for the reason ( 14 )
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UNIT 2
Classification of physical quantities
Copy the following diagram into your notebook and complete it to make a classification of
physical quantities. Use the information from thereading passage to help you.
PHYSICAL
QUANTITIES
SCALAR
QUANTITIES
volume acceleration
Use the complete diagram to make classifying sentences

EXAMPLE : Volume is a scalar quantity
Making definitions
Study the following diagram :
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The force act in an upwards direction at thirty degrees to the horizontal

= a-b is a vector which represents a force of five newtons acting in an upwards direction at thirty
degrees to the horizontal
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GUIDED WRITING
The use of the passive in the description of an experiment
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8. One is the force due to gravity- Fg – which we can consider to act vertically
downwards through the midpoint of the roller
9. We now find that we have an example of three-force system
( It ....... now........ that we...............)
10. As we assume the roller and plane to be absolutely smooth, this reaction as at right
angles to the surface of the plane
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Scale and Graphs.
1. What is a vector used for?

2. How can we describe a scalar quantity?
3. In what way is a thermometer a scale ?
4. Name two uses of scales.
5. What is a slide-rule and what is it used for?
6. Name two ways in which a relationship between two variables can be shown.
7. Describe the advantage of a graph.
8. Give one difference between a graph and a nomograph
READING AND COMPREHENSION
METAL
Why does man use metals still so much today when there are other materials,
especially plastics, which are available? A material is generally used because it offers
the required strength, and other properties, at minimum cost. Appearance is also an
important factor. The main advantage of metals is their strength and toughness.
Concrete may be cheaper and is often used in building, but even concrete depends on
its core of steel for strength.
Plastics are lighter and more corrosion-resistant, but they are not usually as
strong. Another problem with plastics is what to do with them after use. Metal objects
can often be broken down and metals recycled; plastics can only be dumped or burned.
Not all metals are strong, however. Copper and aluminium, for example, are both
fairly weak but if they are mixed together, the result is an alloy called aluminium bronze,
which is much stonger than either pure copper or pure aluminium. Alloying is an
important method of obtaining whatever special properties are required : strength,
toughness, resistance to wear, magnetic properties, high electrical resistance or
corrosion resistance.
The properties of metals can be further improved by use of heat-treatment. Heat
treatment is the term given to a number of different procedures in which the properties
of metals and alloys are changed. It usually consists of heating the metal or alloy to a
selected temperature below its melting point and then cooling it at a certain rate to
obtain those properties, which are required. For example, hardening is used to make
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UNIT 2
metals harder. Tempering make them softer and less brittle. Annealing is carried out to
make metal soft that it can be machined more easily. In this way, metallic materials can
be produced to meet every kind of engineering specifications and requirements.
When Concorde was built, a material was design and tested withstand extreme
aerodynamic condition and would have a life of at least 45.000 flying hours. To achieve
this, a special aluminium alloy was developed which is tough and lightweight and is
used in over 70% of Concorde’s structure. Another 16% is made of high-strength steel,
and titanium alloys are used in the engine surrounds to withstand temperatures of 4000
degrees centigrade.
Methods of extracting, producing and treating metals are being developed all the
time to meet engineering requirements. This means that there is an enormous variety of
metals and metallic materials available from which to choose.
CHECKING READING COMPREHENSION

Put True or False to indicated if the statements below are True or False according to
the facts in the reading text
1. Concrete isn’t an expensive building material

2. Plastics are more easily recycled than metals.
3. Aluminium bronze is an example of an alloy of copper
4. Pure copper is stronger than the alloys that are made by mixing copper with
aluminium.
5. Tempering is a kind of heat-treatment used to make metals harder
6. Annealing is sometimes an advantage for metal to be soft.
7. Concorde is built mainly of steel.
SUBSTITUTION READING COMPREHENSION

1. In paragraph 1, which noun does the underlined pronoun “it” refer to?
2. In paragraph 2, which noun does the underlined pronoun “them” refer to?
3. In paragraph 3, what does the word “which” substitude?
4. In paragraph 4, what does the pronoun “ it” refer to?
5. In paragraph 4, which noun does the word “ its” refer to?
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UNIT 2
INCREASING VOCABULARY
( A ) PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
These words and phrases refer to properties of materials: Strength Toughness Corrosion-resistance
In the passage, there are nine words or morewhich refer to properties of materials, List them below
and search their meaning in you dictionary.
No Properties of Materials meaning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Now you write the meaning of these words:

No. words meaning
1. loosen :
2. tighten :
3. stiffen :
4. brighten :
5. cool :
( B ) NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Fill in each space with the correct form of the word given
No. NOUN ADJECTIVE
1. strong
2. resistance
3. metal
4. weakness
5. hot
6. importance
Materials Properties Uses

Metals
Aluminium light, soft, ductile, highly conductive, Aircraft, engine components,
corrosion-resistance cooking utensils
Copper very malleable, though, and ductile Electric wiring, tubing
highly conductive, corrosion-
resistance
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Materials Properties Uses

Metals
Brass very corrosion-resistance. Cast well, Valves, taps castings, ship fittings,
easily achine. Can be work hardened. electrical contacts
good conductor
Mild Steel High stength, ductile,tough, fairly General purpose
malleable, cannot be hardened and
tempered. low cost , poor corrosion
resistance
High Carbon Hardest of carbon steels but less ductile Cutting tools such as drills, files,
Steel and maleable can be hardened and saws...
tempered
Thermoplastics
ABS High impact strength and thoughness, Safety helmets, car components,
scrach-resistance, light and durable telephone kichenware
Acrylic Stiff, hard, very durable, clear, can be Aircraft canopies, baths, double
polished easily. Can be formed easily glazing
Nylon Hard, tough, wear-resistance, self- Bearing, gears, casting for power
lubricating tools
Thermosetting plastics
Epoxy High strength when reinforced, good Adhesives, encapsules of electronic
chemical and wear-resistance components
Polyester resin Stiff, hard, brittle, good chemical and Moulding, boat and car bodies
heat resistance
Urea Stiff, hard, strong, brittle, heat resistance Electrical fittings and adhesive
formaldehyde and good electrical insulator
Scan the table which follows to find a material which is :
1) Soft 6) Conductive and malleable
2) Ductile 7) Durable and hard
3) Malleable 8) Stiff and brittle
4) Tough 9) Ductile and corrosion-resistance
5) Scratch-resistance 10) Heat-resistance and chemical resistance
LANGUAGE STUDY : MAKING DEFINITION

1) Study these facts from the table about aluminium
a) Aluminium is a light metal
b) Aluminium is used to make aircraft
We can link these facts to make a definition of the aluminium :
“ Aluminium is a light metal which is used to make aircraft “
Now you can use the table above to make definitions about some materials
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FAKULTAS TEKNIK - UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

Study the diagrams and memorize the examples.

The belt is sixty millimetres wide/broad

B. Language of measurement : DERIVED METRIC UNITS

1. There are two physical quantities in engineering

Make the solution for the statement belows:

2. Scalar quantities have magnitude

1. We calculate mass in kilogrammes

Relationships between statements

Use the complete diagram to make classifying sentences

The force act in an upwards direction at thirty degrees to the horizontal

Scale and Graphs.

1. What is a vector used for?

READING AND COMPREHENSION

CHECKING READING COMPREHENSION

1. Concrete isn’t an expensive building material

SUBSTITUTION READING COMPREHENSION

Now you write the meaning of these words:

( B ) NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

Materials Properties Uses

Materials Properties Uses

LANGUAGE STUDY : MAKING DEFINITION

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