Sideslope Tutorial

Terramodel Sideslope
Tutorial
Version 10.2
Part Number 0321-0804

Revision A
August 2003
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Contents
About this Manual
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
1 Pipeline Rock Covering Example

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Using Sideslope to Design a Pipeline Rock Covering . . . . . . . . . . 2
General Outline of Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Step 1: Store Horizontal Alignment of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Step 2: Create A Vertical Profile Along Pipe Alignment . . . . . 5
Step 3: Adjust Vertical Profile Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Step 4: Assign A Name to HAL and Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Step 5: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits . . . . 6
Step 6: Configure the Termination Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Step 7: Set the Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Step 8: Set the Left and Right Slope Projections . . . . . . . . . 9
Step 9: Run Sideslope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 House Pad Example

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Using Sideslope to Design a House Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
General Outline of Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Step 1: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits . . . 15
Step 2: Configure the Termination Surface . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Step 3: Set the Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Step 4: Set the Right Slope Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Step 5: Project Side Slopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Sideslope Tutorial i
Contents
Step 6: Check for Earthwork Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Step 7: Adjust Pad Elevation and Run Sideslope . . . . . . . . 20
3 Stockpile Example
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Using Sideslope to Design a Stockpile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Step 1: Create the Baseline Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Step 2: Create a Vertical Profile from the Baseline Alignment . 29
Step 3: Name the HAL and VAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Step 4: Set General Side Slope Settings and Station Limits . . . 30
Step 5: Establish Stockpile Bench Constraint Surfaces . . . . . 31
Step 6: Configure Side Slope Projection Settings . . . . . . . . 31
Step 7: Project Side Slopes to the First Bench Elevation. . . . . 32
Step 8: Set Offsets for Benches and Stockpile Cap . . . . . . . 32
Step 9: Run Sideslope to Complete the design. . . . . . . . . . 34
Step 10: Obtain a 3D View of the Finished Design . . . . . . . 35
Step 11: Perform Volume Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4 Detention Pond Example

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Using Sideslope to Design a Detention Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Step 1: Create Baseline Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Step 2: Create Vertical Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Step 4: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits . . . 42
Step 5: Establish Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Create the Original Ground Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Step 6: Configure Offset Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Step 7: Set Side Slope projection Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Step 8: Run Sideslope to Complete the Design . . . . . . . . . 47
Step 9: Create Perspective View with TVLite . . . . . . . . . . 48
ii Sideslope Tutorial
Contents
5 Mining Haul Road Example

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Using Sideslope to Design a Mining Haul Road . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Step 1: Create the Base Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Step 2: Create a Vertical Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Step 4: Determine High and Low Elevations Along the Profile . 54
Step 5: Configure General Settings and Station Limits . . . . . 54
Step 6: Establish Minimum Bench Height and Bench Elevations 56
Step 7: Set the Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Step 8: Run Sideslope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Step 9: Modify Offset Parameters and Run Sideslope Again . . 58
Step 10: Create Perspective View with TVLite . . . . . . . . . 65
Sideslope Tutorial i ii
Contents
iv Sideslope Tutorial
About this Manual
Welcome to the Terramodel Sideslope Tutorial. This manual describes
how to design various types of projects using the features of the
Sideslope command.
Trimble assumes that you are familiar with Microsoft Windows and
know how to use a mouse, select options from menus and dialogs,
make selections from lists, and refer to online help.
Document Conventions
The document conventions are as follows:
Convention Definition
Italics Identifies software menus, menu commands,
dialog boxes, and the dialog box fields.
Helvetica Narrow Represents messages printed on the screen.
Helvetica Bold Identifies a software command button, or

represents information that you must type in a
software screen or window.
“Select Italics / Italics” Identifies the sequence of menus, commands, or
dialog boxes that you must choose in order to
reach a given screen.
[Ctrl] Is an example of a hardware function key that you
must press on a personal computer (PC). If you
must press more than one of these at the same
time, this is represented by a plus sign, for
example, [Ctrl]+[C].
Sideslope Tutorial i ii
About this Manual
iv Sideslope Tutorial
CHAPTER
1
Pipeline Rock Covering
Example 1
In this chapter:
■ Introduction
■ Using Sideslope to design a pipeline rock covering
1.1 Introduction
This example illustrates how to design a rock covering for an
underwater pipeline. Using Sideslope, you can complete the design in
a single iteration.
1.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Pipeline Rock

Covering
Before proceeding, run Terramodel and open the file PIPELINE.PRO.
Your screen will display the points that represent the sea floor.
2 Sideslope Tutorial
Pipeline Rock Covering Example 1
The diagram below (not to scale) shows a cross section of the

dimensions of the rock covering that is being modeled.
3.5 m 3.5 m
3.5m
3:1 3:1
Pipe
Pipe
Figure 1.1 Cross section of rock pipeline cover
Sideslope Tutorial 3
A three-dimensional perspective of the finished design is shown in the

figure below:
Figure 1.2 3D perspective of finished pipeline design
1.2.1 General Outline of Steps

1. Store horizontal alignment of pipe.
2. Create vertical alignment of sea floor along pipe.
3. Adjust vertical alignment by adding diameter of pipe (5 meters
for this example) and pipe cover, in this case 3.5 meters.
4. Assign an identical name to the base alignment and vertical
profile.
5. Set general Sideslope settings and station limits.
6. Configure the termination surface.
7. Set offsets.
8. Set the left and right slope projections.
9. Run Sideslope.
1.2.2 Step 1: Store Horizontal Alignment of Pipe

Depending on the type of information you have with respect to the
pipe alignment, you can store the pipe as a 2D polyline, or as a set
with elevations for the invert or top of the pipe. For this example, store
the pipe as a polyline, then interpolate the elevations of the sea floor
along the alignment using the Profile command.
1. Double-click the layer selection control and click New. Create a
new layer for the pipeline called ALIGNMENT. Assign it an
object color of 10 and a point color of 12. Click OK twice to set
this layer as the current layer.
2. Select Draw / Pline / Line. Enter the polyline node locations as
follows:
PVI # Easting Northing

1 298800 696425
2 299200 696580
3 299700 696530
4 300030 696650
5 300180 696900
1.2.3 Step 2: Create A Vertical Profile Along Pipe Alignment

If the HAL had been created as a 3D set, you would not need to create
a vertical profile - Sideslope would simply use the elevations of the set
points for the vertical information. Use the Profile command to
compute the elevations of the sea floor along the pipe alignment.
Select Dtm / Create profile. Pick the polyline just created as the HAL.
Store the profile on the layer ALIGNMENT. Keep the settings as they
are and click OK.
1.2.4 Step 3: Adjust Vertical Profile Elevations

Before creating the rock design, add the diameter of the pipe and the
desired height of rock cover to the profile elevations.
ElevDiff = PipeDiameter + HeightofCover
ElevDiff = 5 + 3.5 = 8.5m
To add 8.5 meters to the profile elevations, offset it vertically:

1. Press [Ctrl] + [Tab] to switch to the profile view.
2. Select Modify / Move. In the Objs: field, pick the profile.
3. In the From: field, right-click and select End, then pick the left
end of the profile.
4. In the To: field, type @0, @8.5 to offset it vertically by 8.5 meters.
Click OK.
1.2.5 Step 4: Assign A Name to HAL and Profile

By assigning the same name to the HAL and the vertical profile,
Sideslope associates the two, keeping you from having to select a
vertical alignment each time you specify the HAL.
1. Select Modify / Name. In the Objs: field, pick the profile.
2. Press [Ctrl] + [Tab] to move to the plan view and pick the HAL.
3. In the New name: field, type pipeline and click OK.
1.2.6 Step 5: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits

Use the settings on the General tab to configure intervals at which
Sideslope will project slopes to the termination surface and create
breakline approximation points.
Before running the Sideslope command, create a layer on which to
store the new points and sets.
1. Double-click the current layer control on the toolbar, then click

New in the Layer selection dialog box. Type PIPELINE OFFSETS in
the Name field and assign an object color of 13 and a point color
of 9, then click OK twice to make PIPELINE OFFSETS the
current layer.
Set General Sideslope Settings

2. Select DTM / Side Slope and pick the baseline alignment for the
Horizontal alignment. The associated vertical profile (that
shares the HAL’s name) will appear in the Vertical alignment
field. Click Settings, then click the General tab.
3. Set your surface projection interval to 5, your point formation
interval to 10, and the maximum alignment deviation to 1 (not
pertinent to this example).
Tip – Unless you have created your baseline alignment as a true

tangential alignment, such as what is created in Roads, you should set
your point formation interval to no less than 10 meters. Also note your link
settings - it is possible to obtain invalid results and improper linking of the
surface if your maximum edge distance value is less than your point
formation interval.
4. Check the Form when subject alignment is a polyline check box

since the baseline alignment was created as a polyline.
5. Select the True side slope specification method. This method
will adjust side slopes to the intended side slope values in areas
where the longitudinal slope is steep (but no greater than the
side slope value).
6. Check the Hide lateral breaklines box. Occasionally you’ll
want to view the breaklines that radiate from the alignment
curves, but since this example contains no curves, we’ll hide
them to minimize screen clutter.
Set Station Limits

7. Select the Region tab to set the baseline alignment station limits
for offsets. Click the Set to begin and Set to end buttons to use
the extents of the alignment.
1.2.7 Step 6: Configure the Termination Surface

Use the Surface definition tab to configure the surface to which the
offsets will be projected.
1. Click the Surface definition tab and click New. In the New
surface name entry dialog box, type Sea floor and click OK.
2. Select the DTM surface surface type, and in the DTM layer
field, select POINTS.
1.2.8 Step 7: Set the Offsets

The offsets that are configured here will define the top of the rock
covering.
1. Select the Offset line tab.
2. Select offset number 1 on the Left side, then check the Create
offset line box.
3. Check the Horizontal offset: check box and enter 3.5 in the
adjacent field.
4. Check the Vertical offset: check box and enter 0 in the adjacent
field.
5. Enter Top Edge of Rock in the Name field (names are passed on to
data collectors for use in staking).
6. Select offset number 1 on the Right side, then check the Create
offset line box.
7. Check the Horizontal offset: check box and enter 3.5 in the
adjacent field.
8. Check the Vertical offset: check box and enter 0 in the adjacent
field.
9. Enter Top Edge of Rock in the Name field.
1.2.9 Step 8: Set the Left and Right Slope Projections

Because we have the ability to define a termination surface, Sideslope
will project 3:1 side slopes until they intersect the POINTS surface.
You can also accomplish this by setting 3:1 offsets in the Offset line
tab.
B Tip – Take care when using offset lines to project slopes inward from
closed boundaries, as they can produce unexpected results at corners. At
corners where the projections overlap each other, your results can look
like the figure above. Left or right side slope projections should give better
results in this instance.
1. Select the Left side slope projection tab. Check the Create
projected side slope check box.
2. Select the Down only direction option.
3. Enter 1:3 in the Downward true slope field.
4. Enter Toe of Rock in the Name field. This name will be applied to
all points created at the intersection of the projected side slopes
and the POINTS surface.
5. Select Sea Floor in the Termination surface field.
6. Select the Right side slope projection tab. Check the Create
7. Select the Left side slope projection tab. Click Replicate on
right to reproduce these settings for the right side slope
projection.
1.2.10 Step 9: Run Sideslope

Click OK in the Side slope settings dialog box, then OK on the
Sideslope command line. Your screen should look like the following
figure:
To get an idea of what the design section looks like, you can use the
Quick profile command.
Select Dtm / Quick profile. In the From and To fields, pick locations on
either side of the pipeline, outside of the toe of rock limits. Make sure
the Layer mask field contains an asterisk (*) so that you can view the
POINTS and PIPELINE OFFSETS layers. Adjust the vertical

exaggeration as necessary to get the appropriate perspective. Your
design section will look similar to the figure below:
CHAPTER
2
House Pad Example 2
In this chapter:
■ Introduction
■ Using Sideslope to design a house pad
2 House Pad Example
2.1 Introduction
This example will illustrate the simple process of creating a pad,
projecting side slopes from the pad to original ground, computing
volumes for the pad design, then adjusting the elevation of the pad to
balance cut and fill. As part of the same Sideslope iteration, you will
also discover how to use offsets to direct drainage around the pad.
2.2 Using Sideslope to Design a House Pad

The project file HOUSE PAD.PRO already contains the points, pad
outline and layers that needed for the exercise.
Run Terramodel and open the file HOUSE PAD.PRO. Your screen
will display the pad outline and original ground DTM as shown in the
figure below:
House Pad Example 2
The points that are contained in the pad set have an elevation of 107.
Use Sideslope to configure how the side slopes will be projected to
original ground, then check the earthwork volumes for cut and fill
balance. If needed, adjust the pad elevation and run Sideslope again.

1. Set general Sideslope settings and station limits.
2. Configure the termination surface.
3. Set offsets.
4. Set the left or right slope projection.
5. Project side slopes.
6. Check for earthwork balance.
7. Adjust pad elevation and project side slopes again.

Select the layer HOUSE PAD DESIGN to store the points Sideslope
creates.
1. Click the current layer control to place the focus there, press the
down arrow on your keyboard to advance to the HOUSE
PAD DESIGN layer, then press [Enter] to select it as the current
layer.
Set General Sideslope Settings

2. Select DTM / Side slope and pick the house pad outline for the
horizontal alignment. Because it consists of 3D points with
elevations, it is not necessary to select a vertical alignment.
Click Settings, then click the General tab.
2 House Pad Example
3. Set your surface projection interval to 5, your point formation

interval to 10, and the maximum alignment deviation to 1 (not
pertinent for this example).

formation interval.
4. Check the Form when subject alignment is a set check box since
the pad outline is a set with 3D points.
5. Select the cross slope specification method.
6. Make sure the Hide lateral breaklines check box is cleared.
Set Station Limits

2.2.3 Step 2: Configure the Termination Surface

Use the Surface definition tab to configure the surface to which the
side slopes will be projected.
surface name entry dialog box, type Original Ground and click OK.
2. Select the DTM surface surface type, and in the DTM layer
field, select POINTS.
House Pad Example 2

The offset configured here will define a drainage swale whose center
is located 5 meters from the pad and surrounds the portions of the pad
that are in cut.
2. Select offset number 1 on the Right side (as measured in the
direction of increasing stations), then check the Create offset
line box.
3. Check the Horizontal offset: check box and enter 5 in the
adjacent field.
4. Check the Vertical offset: check box and enter -1 in the adjacent
field. The swale’s elevation will be one meter below the pad
elevation.
5. Enter Center of Swale in the Name field (names are passed on to
data collectors for use in staking).
Do not enter a constraint surface for the swale to ensure its full width
and depth occur in cut situations.
2.2.5 Step 4: Set the Right Slope Projection

By defining the POINTS layer as the termination surface, Sideslope
will project 5:1 fill side slopes until they intersect it. These 5:1 slopes
will blend with the 5:1 swale that surrounds the house pad for
drainage. In areas of cut, Sideslope will project 3:1 slopes up.
1. Select the Right side slope projection tab. Check the Create
2. Select the Both up and down direction option.
3. Enter 1:3 in the Upward cross slope field.
4. Enter 1:5 in the Downward cross slope field.
2 House Pad Example
5. Enter Toe of Slope in the Name field. This name will be applied to
all points created at the intersection of the projected side slopes
and the POINTS surface.
6. Select Original Ground in the Termination surface field.
7. Click OK in the Side slope settings dialog box.
2.2.6 Step 5: Project Side Slopes

Project the swale points and side slopes from the pad and look at the
section view of the design using Quick profile.
Click OK on the Sideslope command bar. Your design should look like
the figure below:
House Pad Example 2
Your section view will look similar to the figure below:
2.2.7 Step 6: Check for Earthwork Balance

Use the Volume command to compute earthwork volumes between
two surfaces - the original ground (POINTS layer) and the design
(HOUSE PAD DESIGN layer).
2 House Pad Example
1. Select DTM / Volumes from DTM. Click DTM.

2. In the DTM field, select POINTS. In the Final field, select
HOUSE PAD DESIGN. Click OK. Terramodel will produce a
report similar to the one in Figure 2.1, below:
Figure 2.1 First iteration cut and fill volumes report
The cut volume exceeds the fill volume by such a wide margin that the
elevation of the pad should be adjusted. Try raising the pad by two
meters to elevation 109.
2.2.8 Step 7: Adjust Pad Elevation and Run Sideslope

1. Select Modify / Elevation / Elevation.
2. In the Objs field, type L to select by layer, click to open the
layer selection dialog box and select HOUSE PAD. In the
Elevation field type 109. Make sure the Absolute option is
selected, then click OK.
House Pad Example 2
3. Run Sideslope again (the house pad outline will appear in

default as the horizontal alignment). A warning message will
appear indicating that the original design points will be
overwritten by the new ones:
4. Click Yes. Your design should look like Figure 2.2 below:
Fill slopes
Cut slopes
Figure 2.2 Projected house pad slopes
Check earthwork volumes once more.
2 House Pad Example
5. Select DTM / Volumes from DTM. Click DTM. Accept the layers
in default and click OK. Your report will reflect these changes:
The new elevation produced a more balanced earthwork report

requiring only 1153 cubic meters of borrow material (not taking
shrinkage into account). Considering how quickly a new design can be
produced, you can try various pad elevations to achieve the results you
need.
To get a perspective view of the design, first relayer the pad points to
the design layer.
6. Select Modify / Relayer. In the Objs field, type L to select by
layer, then pick one of the pad points on the screen (or press the
spacebar to open the Select by layer dialog box and select
HOUSE PAD). In the New layer field, accept HOUSE PAD
DESIGN. Click OK.
House Pad Example 2
7. Select DTM / 3D Visualizer. Accept HOUSE PAD DESIGN for

the Dtm layer and click OK. Your 3D view should look like the
one in the next figure:
2 House Pad Example
CHAPTER
3
Stockpile Example 3
In this chapter:
■ Introduction
■ Using Sideslope to design a stockpile
3 Stockpile Example
3.1 Introduction
This example will illustrate a quick, easy and powerful way to model a
stockpile. Upon completing the design of the stockpile model, it’s
volume can be computed.
3.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Stockpile

This stockpile will consist of two intermediate levels, at elevations 126
and 143, and a cap at elevation 160.
The baseline alignment of the stockpile, representing its perimeter, is
shown in Figure 3.1 below, along with the points that model the
POINTS DTM surface.
Stockpile perimeter
Figure 3.1 Stockpile perimeter
Stockpile Example 3
The finished plan view of the stockpile is shown below:
A
Bench 1 Bench 2
Figure 3.2 Finished stockpile design
Section A-A displays a cross section through the stockpile design. The
benches are labeled in Figure 3.2, above, and in the section view
below.
Cap
Bench 2
Bench 1
Figure 3.3 Section A-A of stockpile
3 Stockpile Example

1. Create the baseline alignment from which the benches will be
offset.
2. Create a vertical profile from the baseline alignment, derived
from a given DTM.
profile.
4. Set general side slope settings and station limits.
5. Establish the stockpile constraint surfaces at which the
benching will occur. Create your datum surfaces based on the
computed bench elevations.
6. Set your side slope projection settings. For the first iteration,
these settings will be used to design a bench that has a constant
elevation all the way around the first level. Do not set offsets for
the first iteration.
7. Run Sideslope to create the projection to the first level.
8. Set offset settings for the second level and side slope projection
settings for the stockpile cap.
9. Run Sideslope to complete the design.
10. Use TVLite to obtain a 3D perspective view of the finished
design.
11. Perform a volume calculation.
3.2.2 Step 1: Create the Baseline Alignment

For this example, the alignment and Dtm surface will be imported
from an external file.
1. Run Terramodel and open the file STOCKPILE.PRO.
2. Select File / Misc. Import / Export / TMX Import. Click
Browse... and locate the file named STOCKPILE.TMX, then
click Read. Your screen will look like Figure 3.1, on page 26.
Stockpile Example 3
3.2.3 Step 2: Create a Vertical Profile from the Baseline

Alignment
Using the point information imported from the TMX file, run the
Profile command to interpolate a vertical profile along the baseline
alignment.
Select DTM / Create profile. Select the baseline alignment for the
HAL. Store the profile on the layer ALIGNMENT. Keep the settings
as they are and click OK. The vertical profile will look like that in the
figure below (press [Ctrl]+[Tab] to view it):
3.2.4 Step 3: Name the HAL and VAL

By assigning the same name to the baseline alignment and vertical
profile, Sideslope will associate the two and automatically show the
vertical profile in default when you select the horizontal alignment.
Select Modify / Name. Pick the vertical profile, press [Ctrl]+[Tab] to
move to the plan view and pick the baseline alignment. In the New
name field, enter stockpile. Click OK.
3 Stockpile Example
3.2.5 Step 4: Set General Side Slope Settings and Station Limits
Use the settings on the General tab of the Sideslope command to
configure intervals at which Sideslope will project slopes to the
termination surface and create breakline approximation points.
Before running the Sideslope command, change the current layer to
STOCKPILE, on which the new points and sets will be stored.
1. Click the down arrow next to the current layer control to open
the Layer selection dialog box. Select the STOCKPILE layer
and click OK.
Set General Side Slope Settings

2. Select DTM / Sideslope and pick the baseline alignment for the
field. Click Settings, then select the General tab.
3. Set your surface projection interval to 10, the point formation
interval to 10, and the maximum alignment deviation to .5.

formation interval.

5. Select the Cross-slope side slope specification method.
Set Station Limits

Stockpile Example 3
3.2.6 Step 5: Establish Stockpile Bench Constraint Surfaces

The stockpile will extend upwards at 2:1 slopes, with periodic 10-
meter wide benches at 17-meter vertical intervals. The first bench will
be at elevation 126, the next bench at elevation 143, and the cap at
elevation 160. Create surfaces based on level planes at those
elevations, and use them as constraint and termination surfaces for
offsets and side slope projections.
1. Select the Surface definition tab. Click New. In the New surface
name entry dialog box, type Datum 126 and click OK. Select the
Level plane surface type, and enter a plane elevation of 126.
2. Repeat this process for Datum 143 and Datum 160 (the cap of
the stockpile).
Note – Datum surfaces, as constraint mechanisms, not only intercept
the projection of side slopes, but they stop a projection from occurring
at all if the elevations of the offset alignments lie below the datum
elevation.
3.2.7 Step 6: Configure Side Slope Projection Settings

The initial pass will project side slopes from the baseline alignment to
the first bench at elevation 126. We’ll project side slopes rather than
use offsets in order to obtain a constant elevation of 126 around the
entire length of the bench.
1. Select the Right side slope projection tab (we’re only projecting
to the inside of the stockpile).
2. Check the Create projected side slope box and select the Up
only option. In the Upward cross-slope field, type 1:2 to project
2:1 slope up to elevation 126.
3. In the Name field, enter First Bench Edge.
4. In the Termination surface field, select Datum 126. Click OK.
3 Stockpile Example
3.2.8 Step 7: Project Side Slopes to the First Bench Elevation.

Click OK on the Sideslope command bar to project the sideslopes.
Your screen should look like the figure below:
First bench edge - select this set for the next horizontal
alignment
Lateral breaklines
Figure 3.4 First iteration of projected side slopes
3.2.9 Step 8: Set Offsets for Benches and Stockpile Cap

Next, define the 10’ wide bench and project it’s inside edge up at a 2:1
slope to the next bench at elevation 143. From there, define another
10’ wide bench, then project a 2:1 slope up to the cap at elevation 160.
1. Select DTM / Side slope.
2. In the Horizontal alignment field on the Sideslope command
bar, select the set created by projecting the side slopes to
elevation 126 (see Figure 3.4, on page 32). Because it is a set
whose points have elevations, it is not necessary to select a
vertical alignment. Click Settings.
Stockpile Example 3
3. Select the Offset line tab. Select offset number 1 on the Right
side.
4. Check the Create offset line box. Enter the offset parameters
according to Table 3.1, below, checking the box beside each
applicable parameter:
Table 3.1 Second iteration offset parameters

Offset Hor Vert Slope Cross Name Constraint Constraint Ramp
# Off Off Dist Slope Surf Mech
1 10 0 Inside Datum 126 UL Hold No
Bch 1 slope
2 17 1:2 Out Datum 143 UL Hold No
Bch 2 slope
3 10 0 Inside Datum 143 UL Hold No
Bch 2 slope
4 17 1:2 Cap Datum 160 UL Hold No
slope
5. On the Right side slope projection tab, remove the check from
the Create projected side slope box. Click OK.
3 Stockpile Example
3.2.10 Step 9: Run Sideslope to Complete the design

Click OK on the Sideslope command bar to create the offsets. Your
screen should look like the figure below:
Stockpile Example 3
3.2.11 Step 10: Obtain a 3D View of the Finished Design

1. Select DTM / 3D Visualizer. In the Dtm layer field, select
STOCKPILE and click OK.
A 3D view of the finished stockpile is shown in the figure below:
Figure 3.5 3D perspective of finished stockpile
3.2.12 Step 11: Perform Volume Calculation

We’ll use the Volume command to compute the earthwork volume
between the original ground, whose DTM is on the POINTS layer, and
the STOCKPILE layer.
3 Stockpile Example
1. Select DTM / Volumes from DTM. Click DTM. In the DTM field,
select POINTS. In the Final field, select STOCKPILE. Click
OK. Terramodel will generate a volumes report similar to the
one in the figure below:
CHAPTER
4
Detention Pond Example 4
In this chapter:
■ Introduction
■ Using Sideslope to design a detention pond
4.1 Introduction
This example will illustrate how Sideslope’s offsets and sloping plane
surface can be used to design a detention pond. The power of this
command is shown in the fact that the entire design can be completed
in a single iteration.
4.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Detention Pond

The pond will be bounded by a seven-meter road extending around the
perimeter. A section through the pond design is shown in the figure
below:
Retaining wall Pond

.8 Baseline alignment interior
.02 .02
1.5 3.5m @ -2% 3.5m @ -2% 1.5
.5
Path Path
Curb Curb
.15 .15
Figure 4.1 Detention pond design section (not to scale)
Side slopes of 3:1 will be projected inward down to the pond bottom (a
surface represented by a sloping plane), and outward to the original
ground.

1. Create the baseline alignment for the road that circles the pond.
2. Create a vertical profile from the baseline alignment, derived
from a given DTM. Edit it to give it a constant elevation along
its length.

profile.
5. Establish the sloping plane and original ground surfaces to
create the pond bottom and to project exterior side slopes.
6. Configure offset settings to establish road and retaining wall
points.
7. Set side slope projection settings to project to pond bottom and
original ground.
8. Run Sideslope to complete the design.
design.
4.2.2 Step 1: Create Baseline Alignment

1. Run Terramodel and open the project file DETENTION
POND.PRO.
A TMX file has ben included with this tutorial that contains a
previously created alignment, as well as the DTM that will represent
the original ground.
2. Select File / Misc. Import/Export / TMX Import. Click
Browse... and locate the file named POND POINTS.TMX, then
click Read. Click on the toolbar. Your screen will look like
Figure 4.2 on page 40:
Figure 4.2 Imported alignment and Dtm points
4.2.3 Step 2: Create Vertical Profile

To get an idea of the ground line along the alignment, use the Profile
command to interpolate the elevations from the POINTS layer.
1. Select DTM / Create profile. In the HAL field, pick the baseline.
In the Store on field, click the down arrow to open the Layer
dialog box and click New. In the Name field type detention pond.
Select an object color of 11 and a point color of 10. Select
SOLID for the linetype and click OK, then OK to close the
Layer dialog box. Click OK on the Profile command bar.
2. Open a new profile window by selecting View / New view and
clicking the Profile button. Click on the toolbar.
3. Your screen should look like Figure 4.3, below:
Connect beginning and end of existing ground with

a pline to form design profile
Existing ground profile
Figure 4.3 Existing ground profile
Create the design profile by connecting the two ends of the existing
ground with a pline.
4. Double-click the current layer control to open it and select
DETENTION POND. Click OK to make it the current layer.
5. Select Draw / Pline / Line. In the Loc field, right-click with the
cursor in the graphics area and select End. Pick the left end of
the existing ground profile line.
6. In the Loc field, right-click with the cursor in the graphics area
and select End again. Pick the right end of the existing ground
profile line. Click Close.

By assigning the same name to the baseline alignment and vertical
profile, Sideslope will associate the two and automatically show the
vertical profile in default when you select the horizontal alignment.
Select Modify / Name. Pick the vertical design profile, press [Ctrl]+[Tab]
to move to the plan view and pick the baseline alignment. In the New
name field, enter detention pond. Click OK.

Use the settings on the General tab of the Sideslope command to
configure intervals at which Sideslope will project slopes to the
termination surface and create breakline approximation points.
Configure the General Sideslope Settings

Before running the Sideslope command, we’ll create a layer on which
to store the new points and sets.
New in the Layer selection dialog box. Type POND DESIGN in the
Name field and assign an object color of 11 and a point color of
10, then click OK twice to make POND DESIGN the current
layer.
2. Select DTM / Side slope and pick the baseline alignment for the
field. Click Settings, then select the General tab.
3. Set your surface projection interval to 10, point formation

formation interval.

Set Station Limits

4.2.6 Step 5: Establish Surfaces

The design will be using two surfaces. The Sloping Ground surface,
will represent the bottom of the detention pond and will slope for
drainage. The outer edge of the road will project to the Original
surface. Set them up for the project using the Surface definition tab.
Create the Sloping Plane Surface

1. Select the Surface definition tab. Click New. In the New surface
name entry dialog box, type Sloping Ground and click OK. Select
the 1 point plane surface type, and use Figure 4.4 below for the
parameters to enter:
Pick here for horizontal location of 1 point plane Pick these two points to
set the inclination bearing
Figure 4.4 Sloping plane parameters
2. In the Horizontal location field, click and pick the location

as shown in Figure 4.4, above.
3. In the Elevation field, type 100.
4. In the Inclination angle field, type -30:1.
5. In the Inclination bearing field, click and pick the location
labeled 1 in Figure 4.4, then pick the location labeled 2 (see
Figure 4.4, page 44).
4.2.7 Create the Original Ground Surface

6. Click New. In the New surface name entry dialog box, type
Original Ground and click OK. Select the DTM surface type, and in
the DTM layer field, select the POINTS layer.
4.2.8 Step 6: Configure Offset Settings

The settings here will establish the road and retaining wall points that
Sideslope will create along the length of the baseline alignment. In
defining these points, do not set constraint surfaces since the complete
road and retaining wall should be created regardless of how they
intersect original ground or the bottom of the detention pond.
Note – Make sure when you modeling vertical segments that you have
a slight difference (.005) between the horizontal offsets. This will
prevent Sideslope from creating duplicate points - points that share the
same X and Y values.
Since the baseline alignment represents the center of the road, points
will be defined on both the left and right sides.
2. Select option 1 on the Left side. Select the Create offset line
check box.
3. Select the Horizontal offset check box and type 3.5 in the
adjacent field.
4. Select the Cross-slope check box and type -2% in the adjacent
field.
5. In the Name field, type Edge of Pavement to assign that name to all
points created at this offset along the baseline alignment.
6. Repeat this process for each offset shown in Table 4.1:
Table 4.1 Offset settings

Offset Side Horiz Vert Slope Cross Name
# Dist Slope
2 Left .005 .15 Top of Curb
3 Left 1.5 0 Back of Path
4 Left .005 .5 Top of Wall
5 Left .8 0 Edge of Wall
1 Right 3.5 -2% Edge of Pavement
2 Right .005 .15 Top of Curb
3 Right 1.5 0 Back of Path
4.2.9 Step 7: Set Side Slope projection Settings

This section will control how the design will interact with the surfaces
that represent the bottom of the pond and the original ground. Project
side slopes inside (right) from the back of the path down to the pond
bottom at a 3:1 slope. Project side slopes outside (left) from the edge
of the retaining wall to the original ground downward at a 3:1 slope. In
the event the wall is in a cut situation, project side slopes upward at a
2:1 slope.
Configure the Left Side Slope Projection

1. Select the Left side slope projection tab.
2. Select the Create projected side slope check box.
3. In the Direction section, select the Both up & down option.
4. In the Upward cross-slope field, type 1:2.
5. In the Downward cross-slope field, type 1:3.
6. In the Name field, type Daylight.
7. In the Termination surface list, select ORIGINAL GROUND.
Configure the Right Side Slope projection

1. Select the Right side slope projection tab.
2. Select the Create projected side slope check box.
3. In the Direction field, select the Down only option.
4. In the Downward cross-slope field, type 1:3.
5. In the Name field, type Pond Bottom.
6. In the Termination surface list, select Sloping Ground.
7. Click OK.
4.2.10 Step 8: Run Sideslope to Complete the Design

1. Click OK on the Sideslope command bar. Your finished design
will look like the figure below:
Pick these two points to view a quick profile
Figure 4.5 Finished design
2. You can get a view of the design in cross section using the
Quick Profile command. Select DTM / Quick profile. In the
From and To fields, pick the locations shown as 1 and 2 in
Figure 4.5, on page 47. Your profile should look like the figure
below:
4.2.11 Step 9: Create Perspective View with TVLite

1. Select DTM / 3D Visualizer.
2. For the DTM layer, select POND DESIGN. Click OK.
See the TVlite online help for information on how to manipulate the
view.
CHAPTER
5
Mining Haul Road Example 5
In this chapter:
■ Introduction
■ Using Sideslope to design a mining haul road
5.1 Introduction
The example in this chapter is intended to give you an overview of the
method for designing a mining haul road. Use these steps as a
guideline for demonstrating the power and versatility of Sideslope.
5.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Mining Haul Road

The mining haul road design requires an iterative process to create a
series of benches and ramps that project down to the bottom of the
mine pit.

1. Create the base alignment from which the benches will be
offset.
2. Create a vertical profile from the base alignment, derived from a
given DTM.
profile.
4. Determine the high and low elevations along the profile. This
information will help you to compute bench elevations and
discover where the ramps should be placed.
6. Establish your maximum bench heights, then compute the
elevations of your benches. Create your datum surfaces based
on the computed bench elevations. These datum surfaces will be
used as contraint surfaces for the offsets.
7. Set your offsets.
8. Run Sideslope to create the first set of benches.
9. Modify your offset parameters for the next set of benches.

Execute Sideslope again, selecting the outermost offset as the
alignment. With each iteration, select as the constraint surface
the datum surface that corresponds to the elevation of the bench
offset you are creating. Do not include ramp access until you
create the first bench that is totally below the low elevation.
design.
Baseline alignment
Figure 5.1 Initial alignment
Fourth bench
Third bench
Second bench
First bench
Baseline alignment
Section A-A through A

finished design
A
Fifth bench
Sixth bench
Figure 5.2 Finished design
Baseline alignment
2:1 Edge of 10m bench Ramp to fourth bench
2:1
Second bench
Ramp to fifth
bench
Maximum bench height = 17m
Third bench 2:1
2:1
Ramp to sixth bench
Figure 5.3 Section A-A through finished design
Ramps
Ramp
Figure 5.4 3D perspective of finished design
5.2.2 Step 1: Create the Base Alignment

For this example, both the base alignment and the DTM from which
the profile will be extracted will be imported from a TMX file.
1. Run Terramodel and open a file called MINE HAUL ROAD.
2. Select File / Misc. Import / Export / TMX Import. Browse for
the file MINE PIT.TMX and import it. The alignment, which is
a pline with curves, is stored on layer ALIGNMENT. The Dtm
is stored on the POINTS layer.
Tip – For better results, store polyline alignments with curves rather than
splines.
5.2.3 Step 2: Create a Vertical Profile

Select DTM / Create profile. Select the baseline alignment for the
HAL. Store the profile on the layer MINE PIT PROFILE. Keep the
settings as they are and click OK.

Select Modify / Name. Pick the baseline alignment, press [Ctrl]+[Tab] to
move to the profile view and pick the profile. In the New name field,
enter mine pit road. Click OK.
5.2.5 Step 4: Determine High and Low Elevations Along the

Profile
These high and low elevations will be used to determine the elevations
of the benches and locations at which ramps will be placed. At the
point where the bench elevation is lower than the low point, thus
preventing access, a ramp will be created.
Using Reports / List / Plines to check the elevations along the vertical
profile, the high elevation appears to be approximately 145 and the
low point is approximately 90.
5.2.6 Step 5: Configure General Settings and Station Limits

Before running the Sideslope command, create a layer on which to
store the new points and sets.

New in the Layer selection dialog box. Type ROAD OFFSETS in the
Name field and assign an object color of 11 and a point color of
10, then click OK twice to make ROAD OFFSETS the current
layer.
2. Press [Ctrl]+[Tab] twice to move to the plan view.
3. Select DTM / Sideslope and pick the baseline alignment for the
field. Click Settings, then click the General tab.
4. Set your surface projection interval to 10, the point formation
Tip – The point formation interval should be large except where a specific
interval is required for stakeout. Unless you have created your baseline
alignment as a true tangential alignment, such as what is created in
Roads, you should set your point formation interval to no less than 10
meters. Also note your link settings - it is possible to obtain invalid results
and improper linking of the surface if your maximum edge distance value
is less than your point formation interval.

7. Check the Hide lateral breaklines box. Occasionally you’ll
want to view the breaklines that radiate from the alignment
curves, but for this example we’ll hide them to minimize screen
clutter.
5.2.7 Step 6: Establish Minimum Bench Height and Bench

Elevations
The maximum bench height for this example will be 17 meters. The
elevation of the first bench will be computed as
Bench1 = HighElevation – MaxBenchHeight
or
Bench1 = 145 – 17 = 128
Thus, the first bench, and the first constraint surface, will be at
elevation 128. The second bench and constraint surface will be
computed as:
Bench2 = Bench1 – MaxBenchHeight
or
Bench2 = 128 – 17 = 111
Following this methodology, the third bench will be at elevation 94.

The fourth bench, at 77, is completely below the low elevation of 90
and will require ramp access from the third bench. The fifth and sixth
benches will also require ramp access.
Set the datum surfaces to the same elevations as the bench elevations.
To define the datum surfaces:
surface name entry dialog box, type Datum 128 and click OK.
Select the Level plane surface type, and enter a plane elevation
of 128.
2. Repeat this process for Datum 111, Datum 94, Datum 77,
Datum 60, and Datum 43 (the bottom of the mine pit).
Note – Datum surfaces, as constraint mechanisms, not only intercept
the projection of side slopes, but they stop a projection from occurring
at all if the elevations of the offset alignments lie below the datum
elevation.

For the first offset iteration, an initial bench will be created that will
have as its constraint surface Datum 128. A second bench will also be
defined whose constraint surface will be Datum 111. All offsets will
be to the right side of the baseline alignment. For each offset, click
Create offset line and enter the values as shown in the chart below:
Table 5.1 First iteration offset parameters

1 -17 -1:2 Inside Datum 128 LL Hold No
Bch 1 slope
2 10 0 Out Datum 128 LL Hold No
Bch 1 slope
Bch 2 slope
Bch 2 slope
Remember, it is not necessary to include ramps at this point because

the trucks have access to the benches at points that coincide with the
elevation of existing ground.
5.2.9 Step 8: Run Sideslope

Click OK, then OK on the Sideslope command line to project the
offsets. Your screen will look like the figure below:
Pick this exterior offset as the HAL when
creating the third bench
Bench 1
Bench 2
Figure 5.5 First offset iteration results
5.2.10 Step 9: Modify Offset Parameters and Run Sideslope Again

Now that the initial benches have been created, you can modify the
offset parameters for the third bench, making sure to set the constraint
surface to match the bench elevation (94).
Select the exterior offset alignment that was created (outside offset for
bench 2) as the HAL (see Figure 5.5, above). Because it is a 3D set,
you won’t need to select a vertical alignment.
Use the settings in the chart below. Make sure to disable offsets three
and four by removing the check from Create offset alignment for
offset three (offset four will automatically be disabled when you
disable offset three).
Table 5.2 Second iteration offset parameters

Bch 3 slope
Bch 3 slope
Run Sideslope again to create the third bench. Your screen should look
like the figure below:
Locate the beginning

of the ramp
near here
Bench 3
Pick this exterior offset as the HAL

when creating the fourth bench
Figure 5.6 Second iteration offset results
From this point forward, the bench elevations will fall below the low
point and will require ramp access. Locate the beginning of the ramp
from the third bench as shown in Figure 5.6, above. To determine a
general station for that location, use Reports / Identify station and pick
the outside offset of the third bench (see Figure 5.6). Use the settings
in the following chart to create Bench 4:
Table 5.3 Third iteration offset parameters

1 -17 -1:2 Inside Datum 77 LL Hold Yes
Bch 4 slope
Form ramp Ahead
Starting 16+75
Sta
Ramp -10%
slope
Max 50
uninterr.
length
Bench 35
length
Bch 4 slope
Ramp entry Turning
style
Your screen should look like the following figure:

when creating the fifth bench
Bench 4
Locate beginning of
access ramp for Bench 5
near here
Ramp access
Figure 5.7 Third iteration offset results
The next iteration will produce Bench 5 at elevation 60. Remember to

select the exterior offset line as the HAL for Bench 4 (see Figure 5.7).
The ramp for this bench will be set to project back, which means in the
direction of decreasing stations along the alignment, in order to extend
the bench in the opposite direction from the other benches to give
more balance to the mine pit. Use the settings in Table 5.4 to create
Bench 5.
Table 5.4 Fourth iteration offset parameters

Bch 5 slope
Form ramp Back
Starting 17+57
Sta
Ramp -10%
slope
Max 50
uninterr.
length
Bench 35
length
Bch 5 slope
Ramp entry Turning
style

when creating the sixth bench
Bench 5
Ramp access
Figure 5.8 Fourth iteration offset results
Our last iteration for this example will produce a bench that
intersects the bottom of the mine pit.
Table 5.5 Fifth iteration offset parameters

Bch 6 slope
Form ramp Ahead
Starting 16+75
Sta
Ramp -10%
slope
Max 50
uninterr.
length
Bench 35
length
Table 5.5 Fifth iteration offset parameters (Continued)

Bch 6 slope
Ramp entry Turning
style
Bench 6
Ramp access
Figure 5.9 Fifth iteration offset results
5.2.11 Step 10: Create Perspective View with TVLite

1. Select DTM / 3D Visualizer.
For the DTM layer, select ROAD OFFSETS. Click OK. Your
perspective view should look similar to the following figure:

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Terramodel Sideslope

1 Pipeline Rock Covering Example

2 House Pad Example

Step 6: Check for Earthwork Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4 Detention Pond Example

5 Mining Haul Road Example

Helvetica Bold Identifies a software command button, or

1.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Pipeline Rock

The diagram below (not to scale) shows a cross section of the

Figure 1.1 Cross section of rock pipeline cover

A three-dimensional perspective of the finished design is shown in the

Figure 1.2 3D perspective of finished pipeline design

1.2.1 General Outline of Steps

1.2.2 Step 1: Store Horizontal Alignment of Pipe

PVI # Easting Northing

1.2.3 Step 2: Create A Vertical Profile Along Pipe Alignment

1.2.4 Step 3: Adjust Vertical Profile Elevations

ElevDiff = PipeDiameter + HeightofCover

ElevDiff = 5 + 3.5 = 8.5m

To add 8.5 meters to the profile elevations, offset it vertically:

1.2.5 Step 4: Assign A Name to HAL and Profile

1.2.6 Step 5: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits

1. Double-click the current layer control on the toolbar, then click

Set General Sideslope Settings

Tip – Unless you have created your baseline alignment as a true

4. Check the Form when subject alignment is a polyline check box

Set Station Limits

1.2.7 Step 6: Configure the Termination Surface

1.2.8 Step 7: Set the Offsets

1.2.9 Step 8: Set the Left and Right Slope Projections

1.2.10 Step 9: Run Sideslope

POINTS and PIPELINE OFFSETS layers. Adjust the vertical

2.2 Using Sideslope to Design a House Pad

2.2.1 General Outline of Steps

2.2.2 Step 1: Set General Sideslope Settings and Station Limits

Set General Sideslope Settings

3. Set your surface projection interval to 5, your point formation

Tip – Unless you have created your baseline alignment as a true

Set Station Limits

2.2.3 Step 2: Configure the Termination Surface

2.2.4 Step 3: Set the Offsets

2.2.5 Step 4: Set the Right Slope Projection

2.2.6 Step 5: Project Side Slopes

Your section view will look similar to the figure below:

2.2.7 Step 6: Check for Earthwork Balance

1. Select DTM / Volumes from DTM. Click DTM.

Figure 2.1 First iteration cut and fill volumes report

2.2.8 Step 7: Adjust Pad Elevation and Run Sideslope

3. Run Sideslope again (the house pad outline will appear in

Figure 2.2 Projected house pad slopes

Check earthwork volumes once more.

The new elevation produced a more balanced earthwork report

7. Select DTM / 3D Visualizer. Accept HOUSE PAD DESIGN for

3.2 Using Sideslope to Design a Stockpile

Figure 3.1 Stockpile perimeter

The finished plan view of the stockpile is shown below:

Figure 3.2 Finished stockpile design

Figure 3.3 Section A-A of stockpile

3.2.1 General Outline of Steps

3.2.2 Step 1: Create the Baseline Alignment

3.2.3 Step 2: Create a Vertical Profile from the Baseline

3.2.4 Step 3: Name the HAL and VAL

Set General Side Slope Settings

Tip – Unless you have created your baseline alignment as a true