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(4 units: 3 units guided instruction/1 unit lab)




  



The 2 Homework Assignments have a 15% weight contribution to the overall final grade of the course.
Each Homework Assignment will be evaluated separately and graded for 50 points.

 

  

!

Homework Assignment 2 covers material on definitions, logic diagrams and design from Chapter 3 and
programs, code conversions and 8085 instructions from Chapter 10. Please refer to the material in the
textbook in Chapters 3 and 10 to answer the Homework Questions. You have 20 questions and each
question is worth 2.5 points. The Homework should be typed in Microsoft Word. Please use Times New
Roman, 12-font size and single-space the Homework. You will need a calculator to do some
mathematical calculations.

Please email the Homework Assignment 2 to Email: stherucnuas@yahoo.com

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 What are the different kinds of buses and specify the function of each.

Address bus- is a group of 16 lines generally identified as A0 to A15. It¶s a unidirectional bus where bits
flow in one direction from the MPU to peripheral devices.

Data bus- is a group of eight lines used for data flow. It¶s a bidirectional bus where data flows in both
directions between the MPU and memory and peripheral devices.

Control bus- is comprised of various single lines that carry synchronization signals.

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  How many memory locations are addressed by a microprocessor with 14 address lines?
(Hint: 2n where n is the number of address lines)

2n= 16384 or 16K

 
 How many address lines are necessary to address 2048K of memory?

21 address lines

 
 Mention the four control signals commonly used in 8085 MPU and specify the control signal
and the direction of data flow on the data bus in a memory write operation.

ALE- Address Latch Enable: Positive going pulse generated when the 8085 begins and operation

RD- Read: This signal indicates that the selected I/O or memory device is to be read

IO/M- This signal is used to differentiate between I/O and memory operations

WR- Write: This signal indicates that the data on the data bus are to written into a selected memory or I/O
location.

 
 If the memory chip size is 2048 x 8 bits, how many chips are required to make up 16K-byte
memory?

128 chips

 
 How many address lines are necessary on the chip of 2K (2048) byte memory?

11 address lines

 
  The memory address of the last location of a 8K byte memory chip is FFFFH. Find the
starting address.

The starting address is E000H

 
 What are tri-state devices?

Tri-state devices are used to represent three logic states (logic 1, logic 0 and impedance).

 
 In the below figure, if the chip is selected and the address lines A7 ± A0 have 01000111,
specify the complete address in Hex of the register selected.

Complete HEX address of the register is 47

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  In the below figure, specify the Hex address of the register selected if the address on the
address lines A9-A0 is 0011111000.

Hex address of the selected register is F8

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  In the below figure, specify the output line that goes low if the input (including the enable
lines) to the 3-to-8 decoder (74LS138) is 11110111 (A7-A0).

Line 6 goes low.

 
  What is the difference between Peripheral-Mapped and Memory-Mapped I/O?

The peripheral ±mapped I/O uses 8 address lines to identify an input or an output device. This is an 8-bit

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numbering system for I/O¶s used in conjunction with Input and Output instructions.

The memory-mapped I/O uses 16 address lines to identify an I/O and memory related instructions for data
transfer.

 
  What are the different kinds of Memory? Explain in detail.

Read/Write memory (R/WM) - the microprocessor can write into or read from this memory. It is also
known as random access memory (RAM). It is primarily used for information that is likely to be altered.
This memory is volatile, meaning it¶s contents are destroyed when the power is turned off. Two types of
this memory is static and dynamic.

Static memory (SRAM) - This memory is made up of flip-flops, and it stores the bit as a voltage. Each
memory cell requires six transistors, which results in the chip having a low density but high speed. This
memory is more expensive and consumes more power than dynamic memory.

Dynamic memory (DRAM) - This memory is made up of MOS transistor gates, and stores the bit as a
charge. Dynamic memory has a high density and consumes less power than static. The charge or bit
information leaks and the stored information needs to be read or written again every milliseconds, also
known as refreshing the memory. It requires extra circuitry, which adds cost to the system.

Read-only memory (ROM) ± This memory is nonvolatile, meaning it retains stored information even if
the power is turned off. This memory is used for programs and data that doesn¶t need to be altered. The
information stored can be read only, which means once a bit pattern is stored, it is permanent or semi
permanent.

Masked ROM- In this ROM, a bit pattern is permanently recorded by masking and metallization process.
It is an expensive and specialized process, but economical for large production quantities.

Programmable Read-only memory (PROM) ± This memory has nichrome or polysilicon wires arranged
in a matrix. The wires can be functionally viewed as diodes or fuses. This memory can be programmed by
the user with a special PROM programmer that selectively burns fuses according to the bit pattern to be
stored.

Electrically erasable PROM (EE-PROM) ± This memory is functionally similar to EPROM, except the
information can be altered by using electrical signals at the register level rather than erasing everything.
This memory also includes a chip erase mode, where the entire chip can be erased in 10 ms verses 15 to
20 minutes to erase an EPROM.

Flash memory- This is a variation of EE-PROM, the only difference is flash memory must be either
erased entirely or at the sector level. These memory chips can be erased and programmed at least a
million times.

 
  Explain what a buffer is?

The buffer is a logic circuit that amplifies the current or power. It has one input and output line.

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  Explain decoding and encoding.

Encoding is the process of putting a sequence of characters into a special format for efficient transmission
or storage. Decoding is the opposite of encoding. It¶s the conversion of an encoded format back into the
original sequence of character.

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 Convert 128BCD to the binary equivalent.

0001 0010 1000

 
  Convert (10111011)2 to a BCD equivalent.

0001 1000 0111

 
  Add two packed BCD numbers 75 and 50.

1100 0101

 
  What is the purpose of LHLD and XCHG instruction?

LHLD (Load H and L Registers Direct) ± This instruction copies the contents of the momory location
pointed out by the 16-bit address in register L and copies the content of the next memory location in
register H.

XCHG (Exchange H and L with D and E) ± The contents of register H are exchanged with the contents of
register D, and the contents of register L are exchanged with the contents of register E.

 
 What is the BCD number for decimal 34710?

0011 0100 0111

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