1. What is a major function of the endocrine system?

The endocrine system communicates directly with target cells through the
use of neurotransmitters.
The endocrine system produces immediate, short-lasting effects.
The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach
receptors on target cells.
The endocrine system secretes products into ducts that lead to body surfaces
or cavities.

2. What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

hypercalcemia
hypocalcemia
low basal metabolic rate
cold temperatures

3. Which hormones work synergistically to retain water?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone

aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
aldosterone and cortisol
4. Chemical messengers released by endocrine
glands to regulate some functions of other
cells are known as __________.

neurotransmitters
electrolytes
hormones
antibodies

5. What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind

to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?

hydrophobic hormones
amine hormones
hydrophilic hormones
protein hormones

6. With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close

anatomical and physiological relationship?

thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pituitary gland
pineal gland

7. What hormone(s) determines the basal metabolic rate at rest when

fasting?
 thyroid hormones
insulin
catecholamines
glucagon

What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

tropic hormones
trophic hormones
releasing and inhibiting hormones
stimulating hormones

8. What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or

vasopressin)?

water retention by the kidneys

blood glucose regulation
increases urine production by the kidneys
sodium retention by the kidneys

9. What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?

hypothalamus
posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
thyroid gland

10. What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid

gland?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

11. What element is necessary for the production of
triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)?

potassium
magnesium
iodine
calcium

calcitonin
triiodothyronine (T3)
thyroxine (T4)

12. What is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

increased release of calcium ions from bone

increased reabsorption of calcium ions from fluid in the kidneys
increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine
increased osteoblast activity

13. Aldosterone regulates __________.

blood calcium ion levels

extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels
blood iodide ion levels
blood glucose levels
14. What is NOT a primary target tissue of cortisol?

liver tissue
adipose tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

15. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

growth hormone
cortisol
glucagon
insulin