Statistics & Probability | cris naz

QUIZ
In the exams given to the top 40 students, the following scores were obtained.

33 54 59 43 31 51 29 64 55 35
31 31 46 61 35 44 57 29 61 59
65 48 42 33 37 42 57 56 31 49
31 64 63 63 51 45 34 62 32 30

1. Find the mean, median, and mode.

2. Find the P43, D9, Q1, and P83.

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 Statistics & Probability | cris naz

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles

Quantiles are cutpoints dividing the range of a probability distribution into contiguous intervals with equal probabilities,
or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way. Quartiles are three values that split a data in four equal parts.
The three quartiles are named as Q1, Q2, and Q3 in which Q1 is the (25%)th of the data, Q2 is the (50%)th of the data or the
median of the data and Q3 is the (75%)th of the data.

Deciles are nine values that split data in 10 equal parts. Each decile represents a multiple of 10% of the total data.

Percentiles are 99 values that split data in 100 equal parts. Each percentile represents a multiple of 1% of the total value.

FORMULA:
𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑘 =
𝑞
where:
𝐿𝑘 = location of the 𝑘 𝑡ℎ quantile element of a data
𝑘 = the order of a quantile
𝑞 = types of quantile (Example: For P32, q= 100)

The formula for getting the value of 𝑘 𝑡ℎ quantile (whether percentile, quartile, or decile) is summarized below:
𝑘𝑁
𝑞 −< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑞𝑘 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 ( )
𝑓𝑞𝑘

where:
𝑋𝐿𝐵 = Lower boundary of the 𝑘 𝑡ℎ quantile class
𝑖 = class size
𝑞 = types of quantile
𝑓𝑞𝑘 = the class frequency of the 𝑘 𝑡ℎ quantile class
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑘 𝑡ℎ quantile class

Example:
The data shown are the scores of 30 students in Statistics exam. Find the 𝑃23 and 𝐷7 score of the 30 students
if 9 class intervals shall be used in grouping the data.

47 65 81 65 68 55
56 69 61 75 71 67
61 87 50 74 49 66
49 89 77 75 79 85
68 90 57 63 54 90

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 Statistics & Probability | cris naz

Soultion:

Class Frequency Less than Cumulative

Class Interval
(𝑓) Frequency
47 - 51 4 4 Solving for P23
52 - 56 3 7 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑘 =
57 - 61 3 10 𝑞
23(30)
62 - 66 4 14 𝑃23 = = 6.9
100
67 - 71 5 19
72 - 76 3 22 Since P23 is located at 6.9th element,
77 - 81 3 25 therefore the P23 Class is 52 – 56.
82 - 86 1 26
87 - 91 4 30
∑ 𝑓 = 𝑁 =30

1. Lower boundary of the kth quantile class

𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 52 − 0.5 = 51.5

2. Class size
𝑖 = 56 − 52 + 1 = 5

3. Type of quartile. P is for Percentile, so

𝑞 = 100

4. Class frequency of the kth quantile class. By looking at the table:

𝑓𝑞𝑘 = 3

5. Less than cumulative frequency before the kth quantile class. By looking at the table:
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 4

𝑘𝑁
−< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑞
𝑞𝑘 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 ( )
𝑓𝑞𝑘

23(30)
−4
𝑞𝑘 = 51.5 + 5 ( 100 )
3

𝑷𝟐𝟑 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟑𝟑

Solving for D7
𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑘 =
𝑞

7(30)
𝐷7 = = 21
10
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 Statistics & Probability | cris naz

Since D7 is located at 21st element, therefore the D7 Class is 72 – 76.

1. Lower boundary of the kth quantile class

𝑋𝐿𝐵 = 72 − 0.5 = 71.5

2. Class size
𝑖 = 76 − 72 + 1 = 5

3. Type of quartile. P is for Percentile, so

𝑞 = 10

4. Class frequency of the kth quantile class. By looking at the table:

𝑓𝑞𝑘 = 3

5. Less than cumulative frequency before the kth quantile class. By looking at the table:
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 = 19

𝑘𝑁
𝑞 −< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑞𝑘 = 𝑋𝐿𝐵 + 𝑖 ( )
𝑓𝑞𝑘

7(30)
− 19
𝑞𝑘 = 71.5 + 5 ( 10 )
3

𝑷𝟐𝟑 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟖𝟑

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